Cabbage, uas suav tias yog qhov chaw yug ntawm thaj chaw Mediterranean ntawm North Africa thiab Western Europe, pib loj hlob thiab noj thaum ntxov li xyoo pua BC. BC e. Nws tsiv mus rau Russia los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Transbaikalia thiab Caucasus. Cov zaub txias-tiv taus thiab noo noo-hlub zaub zoo kawg nkaus haum rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv Russia, cabbage ib txwm tau suav hais tias yog cov zaub tseem ceeb, thiab txawm tias tam sim no nws muaj ib qho khoom noj tshwj xeeb. Cov tais diav los ntawm nws muaj nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws cuisine - cov no yog cov kua zaub, casseroles, cabbage yob, meatballs, yob, hodgepodges, stews thiab delicious stuffed pies. Yuav ua li cas cog cabbage los ntawm 1 hectar kom txaus rau txhua yam?
me ntsis txog cabbage
Cabbage belongs rau genus ntawm cruciferous (cabbage) tsev neeg. Nws muaj txog 100 hom sib txawv, uas suav nrog swede, rapeseed, turnip, mustard, turnip. Cov neeg nyob hauv Greco-Roman tau coj zaub qhwv rau Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 9th, thiab Russians sai sai nyiam nws.rau ib tus neeg. Twb tau los ntawm lub xyoo pua XII, cov kab lis kev cai no tau cog qoob loo thoob plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws. Cov zaub no tau dhau los ua ib qho khoom noj tseem ceeb tom qab qos yaj ywm. Muaj ntau tshaj 100 hom zaub qhwv - kohlrabi, savoy, Beijing, fodder, cauliflower, tab sis qhov dav tshaj plaws yog zaub qhwv dawb.
Nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb: cov protein, cov vitamins tsis tshua muaj U thiab K, yog cov vitamins B thiab C uas kav mus txog rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, muaj fiber ntau thiab tag nrho cov zaub mov tsim nyog. Cov zaub no muaj ntau dua 30% ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam tau faib rau cov qoob loo zaub, thiab Russia tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog lub tebchaws thib ob ntawm zaub qhwv.
Npaj cov noob zaub qhwv rau cog
Kev sau qoob loo yav tom ntej ntawm cov zaub qhwv dawb yog nyob ntawm kev cog qoob loo, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov noob yog nyob ntawm kev npaj cov noob. Raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, ua ntej nce tsheb, koj yuav tsum:
- Xaiv tag nrho cov noob tsis zoo los ntawm pob.
- Disinfect. Ua li no, muab ob lub lauj kaub enamel: loj thiab me. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug, rhaub dej mus rau 55, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - mus rau 45 degrees. Nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub me me, txo cov noob nyob rau hauv ib lub canvas, muab tso rau hauv ib lub loj, thiab khaws cia rau ib quarter ntawm ib teev. Tom qab ntawd muab cov noob nplej dawb tawm thiab muab tso rau hauv dej txias rau ib feeb.
- Yog tias cov av muaj kab mob clubroot, tom qab ntawd txhawm rau tshuaj tua kab mob koj yuav tsum: dissolve ib teaspoon ntawm nitrophoska nyob rau hauv ib liter dej thiab soak cov noob nyob rau hauv lub npaj tov rau 10 teev, ces yaug hauv qab dej.
- Rau qhov tawvMuab cov khoom cog rau hauv tub yees rau ib hnub.
Tom qab kev npaj, cov noob tau qhuav thiab cog rau hauv av qhib lossis ib lub tsev cog khoom kom loj hlob seedlings.
Seedless way to grow cabbage
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cabbage yog siv nyob rau hauv Far East thiab Central Black Earth cheeb tsam. Cov av yog npaj ua ntej, plowing, freed los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab fertilized zoo. Noob yog sown ncaj qha mus rau hauv av, germinating, lawv tsim ib tug muaj zog paus system uas ua rau kom lawv tsis kam mus rau tsis muaj noo noo. Rau seedless technology ntawm loj hlob cabbage, cog cov ntaub ntawv yog sown nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv cov av soaked nrog noo noo tom qab lub caij ntuj no. Hauv kev cog qoob loo, cov noob tau tov nrog superphosphate granules rau cog. Qhov no ua rau sowing uniform thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov hauv paus system. Hauv thaj av tom qab, cov noob tau cog los ntawm tes:
- poob 5-6 daim rau hauv ib lub qhov;
- nruab nrab kab ua qhov nrug ntawm 60 cm;
- cog qhov tob 2-4 cm;
- los ntawm saum cov av yog mulched nrog sawdust lossis humus;
- tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm nplooj thib ob thiab thib peb, ob tsob ntoo tau tso rau hauv qhov;
- nrog rov ua dua - ib qho;
- ntxhais tua tau cog rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov noob tsis tawg.
Rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, seedlings ntawm cabbage yog watered txhua hnub, thiab nyob rau hnub kub ob zaug ib hnub twg. Txhawm rau ua kom cov qoob loo ntawm cov zaub qhwv dawb, ob sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws yog nqa tawm: thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob ntawm nplooj thiab tsim ntawm lub taub hau. Thawj qhov hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus yog ua tiav nrog nitrogenchiv ob lub lis piam tom qab thinning. Qhov thib ob - slurry nrog ntxiv ntawm tshauv. Weeding thiab loosening cov av yog nqa tawm raws li xav tau.
loj hlob cabbage los ntawm seedlings
YYuav kom loj hlob cabbage hauv seedlings, koj yuav tsum ua:
- tillage thiab fertilization;
- cog qoob loo;
- cog cov nroj tsuag tiav hauv av qhib;
- Y seedling care - loosening av, hilling nroj tsuag, watering, fertilizing, systematic weeding, kab mob thiab kab tsuag;
- txiav;
- bookmark zaub qhwv rau khaws cia.
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cabbage: av npaj thiab fertilization
Kev npaj cov av rau zaub qhwv pib thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nws yog khawb mus rau qhov tob ntawm 20 cm thiab sab laug uncovered kom tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag, loosen cov av, thiab ua rau kom cov as-ham thiab noo noo. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, qhov chaw yog khawb dua, thiab tsuas yog ua ntej cog cov yub, kev cog qoob loo yog ua tiav nrog qhov tob ntawm 15 cm. Cov txiaj ntsig yav tom ntej ntawm cabbage nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm plowing thiab lub sij hawm nws yog nqa tawm. Qhov ntau lub ntiaj teb yog loosened thiab ua ntej nws yog ua tiav, qhov zoo dua cov seedlings yuav cag, qhov ntau noo noo yuav nyob twj ywm. Rau kev loj hlob ib txwm ntawm cabbage, phosphorus, nitrogen thiab poov tshuaj chiv yog tsim nyog. Nws yog raws li cov organic teeb meem thiab ntxiv, nyob ntawm seb hom av, ntxhia complexes ntxiv. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias zaub qhwv tsis nyiam cov av acidic, yog li cov txiv qaub ntxiv rau lawv txhua 3-4 xyoos kom nce cov qoob loo ntawm cabbage los ntawm 1 hectares.
Npaj ua ntejnoob tau cog rau hauv lub thawv nrog lub ntiaj teb. Ua li no, grooves yog ua 1 cm tob ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 3 cm los ntawm txhua lwm yam, noob yog sown tom qab 1-2 cm thiab sprinkled nrog lub ntiaj teb. Lub thawv yog muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sov so kom txog thaum tua tshwm. Tom qab germination, qhov kub thiab txias yog txo mus rau 6-10 degrees rau ib lub lim tiam, thiab ces khaws cia nyob rau hauv chav tsev theem. Ob lub lis piam tom qab, nrog rau cov tsos ntawm thawj nplooj, ib tug xaiv yog nqa tawm. Ua ntej no, lub sprouts yog watered abundantly thiaj li tsis mus ua puas lub hauv paus thiab transplanted rau hauv cassettes los yog ib tug nyias ntim. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, nws hlob mus txog 5-7 tag nrho nplooj tshwm, tom qab uas nws yog cog rau hauv av qhib.
Cabbage yog ib tsob nroj uas tau cog ua thawj zaug hauv kev cog qoob loo. Txhua xyoo nws yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv dua li lub caij dhau los. Lawv yuav rov qab mus rau tib cheeb tsam dua tom qab 3-4 xyoos. Cov thawj coj zoo rau zaub qhwv yog legumes, dos, txiv lws suav, carrots, txiv lws suav.
Cabbage yuav tsum tsis txhob cog tom qab radishes, swedes thiab turnips, uas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm tib kab tsuag thiab kab mob xws li cabbages. Seedlings yog cog nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis, nyob ntawm seb huab cua tej yam kev mob, nyob rau hauv huab cua huab cua los yog yav tsaus ntuj. Ua qhov no:
- Tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag noj qab haus huv thiab muaj zog tsuas yog xaiv - qhov no yuav yog ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo cuam tshuam rau cov qoob loo ntawm cabbage.
- Kim lub phiaj - qhov deb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab kab yuav tsum yog li 60 cm.
- Y Lawv ua qhov uas lawv muab ib rab diav ntawm humus, ib tablespoon ntawm tshauv thiab ib teaspoon ntawm superphosphate,sawv daws do.
- Lub qhov dej yog watered nrog qaug zog daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate.
- yub tau cog thiab watered nplua mias.
Kev saib xyuas tom qab tsaws
Cabbage seedlings cog hauv av qhib yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tsim:
Dej. Cabbage yog cov zaub uas teb zoo rau cov dej noo. Nws yog watered nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov tom qab 2-4 hnub, ces cov txheej txheem no yog txo mus rau ib zaug ib lub lim tiam
- Pub. Periodic fertilization pab txhawb kev rov qab los ntawm cov as-ham hauv av. Thawj pub noj yog nqa tawm peb lub lis piam tom qab disembarkation, qhov thib ob - ob lub lis piam tom qab thawj zaug, thiab thib peb - ib hlis tom qab thawj zaug. Mineral thiab organic chiv yog siv los hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus. Nqaij qaib quav thiab slurry diluted nrog dej ua haujlwm zoo.
- Pests. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab tsuag siv pej xeem tshuaj; haus luam yeeb hmoov av, ntoo tshauv, txiv lws suav saum, dos tev. Nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj npaj ua kom tsis txhob ua mob.
Cov qoob loo ntawm cabbage los ntawm 1 ha loj nyob ntawm kev saib xyuas kom zoo, nyob rau hauv cov kev mob zoo koj tuaj yeem sau txog 65 tons.
Pest control
Feem ntau, thaum cog zaub qhwv, koj yuav tsum tua kab tsuag. Thiab yog tias cov xwm txheej ntawm kev khaws cov nroj tsuag raug ua txhaum cai, ces kab tawm tsam nws txhua lub caij. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab ntxeem tau, koj xav tau:
- tsis ua kom tuab cog;
- saib qoob loo tig;
- npaj av txij lub caij nplooj zeeg;
- ua ntu zuspub;
- dej hauv lub sijhawm;
- tau tshem tawm cov nroj thiab toj siab.
Thaum kab tsuag tshwm sim, tam sim ntawd pib tua lawv:
- Cabbage ya - tshwm thaum lub Tsib Hlis kawg. Lub larvae puas lub hauv paus caj dab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, lub qis nplooj wither. Rau kev puas tsuaj, siv cov tshuaj iodine nrog dej: 15 tee rau ib lub thoob. Rau kev tiv thaiv, pollination nrog sib tov ntawm luam yeeb hmoov av, tshauv thiab slaked txiv qaub yog siv.
- Slugs tua zaub qhwv hauv huab cua los nag. Txhawm rau tswj cov kab tsuag, cov kab yog mulched nrog tshiab nettles thiab sprinkled nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm slaked txiv qaub thiab av liab kua txob.
- Cruciferous fleas - pub rau nplooj nplooj thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov yub. Rau kev tiv thaiv, kev cog qoob loo ua ntej, kev ywg dej ntau thiab fertilizing nrog slurry yog pom zoo. Thaum cov kab tshwm sim, cov nroj tsuag yog plua plav nrog cov pa luam yeeb plua plav thiab ntoo tshauv, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab, cov qos yaj ywm saum toj lossis wormwood kuj yog siv los txau. Noj 500 g ntawm tws nyom nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej, insist, ntxiv 50 g ntawm grated xab npum.
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov loj ntawm kab, npog cov ntaub ntawv yog rub tawm cov qoob loo cog qoob loo. Nws ntseeg tau tiv thaiv kab tsuag.
Cov ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cabbage rau pickling thiab cia
Ntawm tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm cov zaub qhwv dawb rau khaws cia rau lub caij ntuj no thiab pickling, cov hauv qab no suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws:
- Khoom plig - siv rau pickling thiab pickling, tshiab khaws cia txog tsib lub hlis. Cov xim ntawm lub taub hau yog los ntawm dawb mus rau ntsuab sab hauv,hnyav 2-5 kg.
- Slava-1305 - lees paub tias yog ntau yam classic rau pickling, muaj lub sijhawm nruab nrab ripening, taub hau ntawm cabbage hnyav txog li 4 kg.
- Belorusskaya yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom pickling, qhov hnyav ntawm lub taub hau yog li 3 kg, uas tau khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev.
- Dobrovodsky yog ntau yam thoob ntiaj teb. Nws muaj kev khaws cia zoo, khaws nws cov khoom kom txog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab zoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pickled.
- Menza yog ib qho khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub taub hau ntawm cabbage nce mus txog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 9 kg, nws muaj peev xwm dag mus txog rau thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tom qab uas nws yog siv rau pickling.
- Kharkov lub caij ntuj no - rau s alting yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws. Nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, saj zoo, nyob mus txog rau lub hlis. Lub taub hau ntom ntom ntawm cabbage tau nce Frost tsis kam. Ntau yam tolerates tshav kub thiab drought zoo.
- Crumont - tsis haum rau s alting, nws nyob zoo tag nrho lub caij ntuj no thiab pom zoo rau kev noj tshiab. Qhov ntau yam yog resistant rau fungal kab mob. Qhov loj ntawm ib lub taub hau ntawm cabbage ncav cuag 2 kg. Lub sij hawm ripening - lig, kev cog qoob loo tus phooj ywg, taub hau ntawm cabbage yog resistant rau cracking.
- Amager 611 - muaj qhov ua tau zoo khaws cia zoo thiab kav mus txog thaum sau qoob tom ntej. Lub taub hau yog ntom nrog ib tug iab saj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, uas disappears nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, hnyav los ntawm 2.5 mus rau 4 kg. Cov zaub qhwv ntau yam tau ua kom txias txias, yog li nws tau cog rau hauv av thaum ntxov.
Los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe no, cov neeg ua teb tuaj yeem xaiv ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov zaub qhwv rau pickling thiab cia rau lawv lub tsev nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov.
Kev coj noj coj ua yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Yuav ua li cashnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus? Nws nyob ntawm fertility ntawm cov av. Thaum lub caij lawv tuav 2 mus rau 4 zaug:
- Thawj yog nqa tawm 2-3 lub lis piam tom qab hloov pauv. Thaum tsim ib tsob ntoo, cov nroj tsuag xav tau nitrogen chiv. Siv ib feem ntawm qaib quav los yog rotted manure thiab dilute nrog 20 los yog 15 feem ntawm dej. Ib nrab ib liter ntawm kev daws yog poured nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Nrog rau cov av zoo fertilized thiab sib ntxiv ntawm humus thaum cog, hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj yog tsis nqa tawm.
- Thib ob - peb caug hnub tom qab thawj zaug. Npaj cov tshuaj tib yam li thawj zaug pub mis thiab ntxiv ib txoj hauv kev ntawm cov ntxhia chiv.
- Thib peb - ua tiav thaum tsim lub taub hau ntawm cabbage. Nettle infusion tab tom npaj. Txiav nyom yog nchuav nrog dej, insisted rau tsib hnub, diluted nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos qhov chaw thiab watered.
- Plaub - siv cov ntxhia chiv thiab nqa tawm rau cov kab lig-ripening.
Yuav ua li cas nce cov qoob loo ntawm cabbage nyob rau hauv qhib teb?
Yuav luag txhua tus neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov cog qoob loo ntawm nws thaj av, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus tswj kom sau qoob loo nplua nuj. Cov kws tshaj lij qhia kom coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv qab no kom tau txais txiaj ntsig:
- Kev xaiv ntau yam - nruab nrab-thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab-lub caij ntau yam yog siv los sau rau lub caij ntuj no. Loj ntawm taub hau ntawm cabbage los ntawm 2 kg. Qee hom tuaj yeem tawg, yog li lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob raug overexposed hauv lub vaj.
- Txoj kev cog qoob loo zoo dua rau kev loj hlob ntawm koj tus kheej thiab lub sijhawm zoo.
- Seedling age - kwv yees li 60 hnub los ntawm lub sijhawm cog.
- Ntxim dawb huv los ntawm cov kab mob - cov nroj tsuag muaj kab mob clubroot thiab blackleg yuav loj hlob, tab sis yuav tsis tsim qoob loo.
- Illumination -cabbage tsis zam shading. Kaw lossis, hloov pauv, tso tawm cog ua rau txo qis ntawm cov qoob loo
- Cov qauv av - nruab nrab ntom ntom, ua pa zoo.
- Acidity - liming yog xav tau, acidic av yog yeeb ncuab rau zaub qhwv.
- Fertilization - xav tau cov poov tshuaj, phosphorus thiab nitrogen. Pub ntau zaus hauv ib lub caij.
- Irrigation - yuav tsum tau av noo noo, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub hlis - enhanced watering.
- Kev tiv thaiv kab tsuag - kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab phem yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
- Ntsuag zaub - txhawb nqa cov cag tshiab.
Xav txog tag nrho cov saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tawm los ntawm 1 hectar, tus nqi txog 130 tons.
Siv qhov xaus
Dawb cabbage yog ib qho txias-resistant, noo noo- thiab lub teeb-hlub nroj xav tau ntawm av fertility. Nyob ntawm ntau yam thiab loj hlob tej yam kev mob, qhov loj ntawm ib lub taub hau ntawm cabbage qee zaum nce mus txog 15 kg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub rau kev loj hlob 13-18 degrees Celsius. Mature nroj tsuag zam me ntsis frosts, tab sis kub kub depress lawv. Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, fertilizing yuav tsum tau nqa tawm, suav nrog nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium. Txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm cabbage nyob rau hauv tis network yog tsawg (nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, nws yog 19 rubles ib kilogram), tab sis muaj coob tus neeg loj hlob nws nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab lub caij ntuj sov cottages. Nws yog siv rau pickling los yog khaws cia thiab noj tshiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Tom qab tag nrho, cabbage yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov vitamins thiabcov zaub mov uas khaws cia rau hauv nws mus txog thaum sau qoob loo tom ntej.
