Nws paub txawm tias tus neeg tsim kho tshiab uas lub tsev cav muaj ob qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb - cov phab ntsa nyias thiab shrinkage ntawm cov yas. Qhov kawg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog shrinkage ntawm ntoo. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem yog siv los tiv thaiv deformation ntawm phab ntsa thiab pab txhawb rau lawv cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo. Raws li cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob thinner tshaj 20 cm.
Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev siv tshuab ntawm ob lub nqaj, uas yog thawj zaug siv los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hauv Finland. Muaj ob peb tsob ntoo nyob hauv lub tebchaws uas tuab txaus siv los ua tsev, thaum tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm cov huab cua hnyav uas raug rau thaj tsam.
Lub ntsiab ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab yog dab tsi?
Finnish engineers tau tswj hwm los tsim cov thev naus laus zis uas tso cai rau tsim cov tsev ntoo sov so ntawm tus nqi nyiaj tsawg. Nws tau txais lub npe "ob beam". Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no technology muaj me ntsis nyob rau hauv ntau nrog ib tug bar nyob rau hauv ib txwm kev txiav txim. Nws essencelus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom tiav lub thickness ntawm cov phab ntsa, ob tug nplaig-thiab-groove boards yog siv, ntawm uas muaj ib tug txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.
Lub tsev raws li cov cuab yeej siv ntoo ob zaug yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev txhim kho thermal rwb thaiv tsev zoo piv rau cov tsev uas ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntawm tib seem. Piv rau cov kab hluav taws xob insulated, cov tshuab no tsis siv cov nplaum nplaum. Rwb thaiv tsev feem ntau yog ecowool lossis ntxhia ntaub plaub.
ob beam: production
Kev tsim cov khoom siv rau kev tsim vaj tsev siv ob chav beam technology txawv ntawm kev tsim cov kab teeb pom kev zoo tib yam. Nws yog ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - tag nrho lossis ib feem ntawm lub khob txiav cov kab.
Nws tau ua nyob rau ntau theem:
- prefabrication;
- drilling qhov rau fastening edged boards;
- khob txiav;
- grooving;
- txiav blanks;
- muab cov seem;
- marking;
- khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev;
- packaging.
txiaj ntsig
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev ob lub cav ntoo yog nws lub zog ua haujlwm siab. Lub thickness ntawm nws cov phab ntsa tsis nyob ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub cav los yog beam. Cov txheej txheej rwb thaiv tsev raug xaiv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau teev tseg hauv cov qauv kev siv hluav taws xob feem ntau lees txais. Qhov thib ob qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm phab ntsa shrinkage, uas hloov pauv ntawm 1-2%.
Pib ua haujlwm puv hauv tsev,ua raws li Finnish thev naus laus zis, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav ntawm kev sib dhos ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab lub ru tsev. Cov tsev ib txwm siv los ntawm ib lub bar tsis tuaj yeem siv tam sim ntawd, vim koj yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum tsob ntoo qhuav thiab cov yas "poob" rau hauv qhov chaw. Hauv qhov no, tsis tas yuav tos.
Kev txhim kho lub tsev los ntawm ob kab nqaj yog qhov yooj yim, tsis ua haujlwm thiab tsis tas yuav siv cov cuab yeej siv ua haujlwm nyuaj, uas cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm tsim tsev thiab cov nqi nyiaj txiag. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog lub rooj sib txoos ntawm cov phab ntsa, thermal rwb thaiv tsev ua hauj lwm yog nqa tawm, sau qhov chaw ntawm cov laug cam. Cov phab ntsa hauv tsev uas ua los ntawm ob lub cav ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxiv cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab ua tiav.
Flaws
"Ob beam", txawm tias muaj ntau yam zoo, muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws muaj xws li shrinkage ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis nws tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum siv cov ntxhia wool. Kuj tseem muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim vim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv sab nrauv thiab sab hauv uas siv rau cov tsev tsim siv "ob beam" thev naus laus zis. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom paub tseeb tias hauv kev xyaum ua cov teeb meem no tsis tshwm sim txhua. Tsawg kawg tsis muaj lus pom.
Kev paub hauv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws
Nyob hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev, cov cuab yeej siv tau siv tsis ntev los no, yog li tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem lav tias cov tsev ntoo yuav ua tiav lawv cov haujlwm hauv peb cov huab cua. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau tso siab rau Finnish kev paub hauv kev tsim vaj tsev, txij li lawv tau tsim tsev los ntawm ob lub cav ntoo rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo thiab ua tiav cov tsev nyob hauv lawv ntau dua. Kev nyab xeeb hnyav heev.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis no, vim tias nws cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws ua tiav ntawm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb xav tau. Nws tseem yog tsim nyog los txiav cov spikes, grooves thiab docking grooves npaj rau kaum pob qij txha. Yog tias tsis muaj pab pawg kws tshaj lij thiab kev yuav khoom hauv tsev, nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm li cas. Yog li ntawd, kev txuag ntawm cov nqi nyiaj txiag yog teeb meem.
Structural strength
Ob chav nqaj thev naus laus zis tsis sib piv rau cov qauv kev tsim qauv, qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob phab ntsa nyias. Hauv qhov no, txhua yam yog tuav ntawm cov tuav. Kuj tseem muaj subspecies ntawm cov cuab yeej no - "ob chav mini-beam". Nws kev tsim kho zoo ib yam, tab sis cov phab ntsa yog nyias.
Kev txhim kho lub zog ntxiv kuj yog muab los ntawm cov kab hauv pem teb yog tias lawv raug txiav rau hauv phab ntsa thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho. Hauv kev siv tshuab, tsuas yog ntoo qhuav tuaj yeem siv tau, uas cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm lub tsev tag nrho. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias ziab cov ntoo ua rau poob ntawm 13% ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus noo noo, vim tias molecular bonds tawg. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov ntoo yuav muab raws nraim tib yam li cov dej noo uas nws yuav nqus. Yog li ntawd, deformation yuav tsis tshwm sim.
Vapor barrier
Rau kev tsim vaj tsev, cov phab ntsa uas muaj ntau lub plag tsev, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog vapor barrier. Yog tsis muaj kev xav, nws tsis pom zoo kom uakev tsim kho. Ob chav ntoo yog qhov tshwj xeeb, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias cov phab ntsa ntawm cov tsev tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis no yuav inevitably pib nqus dej noo tom qab ib lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev xav tias cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov tuav yog qhov chaw ntawm rot tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tuam txhab tsim kho tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim vaj tsev siv cov cuab yeej siv no tau thov tias ob lub nqaj tsis tau ua rau muaj teeb meem yav dhau los. Kev tshuaj xyuas tus tswv pom zoo tias nws txaus siv cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv qab nthab xwb.
Tab sis muaj qhov zam. Qee tus tswv muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov tsis muaj vapor barrier li no, yog li thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho lawv siv cov ntaub thaiv npog, uas yog siv tom qab rwb thaiv tsev. Cov neeg tsim kev paub dhau los tsis ntseeg qhov no vim tias nws yuav tsis cia cov phab ntsa "ua pa" ywj pheej, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem kav ntev dua.
Ecowool li phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev
Thaum tsim lub tsev ntoo uas tsis yog impregnated nrog cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog siv cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis muaj teeb meem. Cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws yog ecowool, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov cellulose. Nws yuav tsis lwj, ntsws, los yog hluav taws.
Cov kev suav rau cov khoom muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- acoustic cais - 46 dB;
- dew point - tsis muaj condensation yuav tshwm sim raws li tus qauv;
- insulation – 0.13 m2 rau txhua m2 phab;
- thermal conductivity coefficient – 0.2 W/m2.
Ecowool yog cua tshuab qhuav rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kab teeb. Qhov siabyuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj peb meters. Cov txheej txheem yog ua nyob rau hauv theem. Tab sis ntawm no qee qhov teeb meem tshwm sim: ecowool tau tshuab mus rau hauv "ob beam" zoo ib yam li sab hauv phab ntsa. Yog tias lub qhov dej tom kawg raug kaw thiab nws tsis yooj yim kom ua tiav qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ceev, ces cov khoom siv tau ntim ntau dua thiab, vim li ntawd, yuav daws tau. Cov kws tsim txuj ci tau pom txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej no thiab siv lub tshuab tshuab tshwj xeeb. Tsis ntev los no, cov ntaub plaub ntxhia tau pom zoo siv.
Mineral wool as insulation
Cov khoom siv txhim khu kev qha, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab pheej yig. Yog hais tias cov ntxhia wool siv los ua lub rhaub, ces nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj lub vapor barrier ntawm chav tsev (qhov no tsis ua rau ecowool). Tsis tas li ntawd, dhau sij hawm, nws caking thiab, vim li ntawd, qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom yuav tsum tau coated nrog ib tug antiseptic sab hauv thiab tawm.
Sawdust
Rau phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev, nws raug nquahu kom siv stale sawdust. Yog tias koj tsuas muaj cov tshiab ntawm tes, ces koj tuaj yeem tsau lawv rau ib hnub hauv txiv qaub thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd knead lawv. Cov txheej txheem yog raws li nram no: m2 sawdust thiab ob lub hnab ntawm cov cement yog nchuav rau hauv lub tov khoom. Txhua yam yog moistened me ntsis, sib tov, ncuav rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab rammed. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom yog nas, pwm lossis dampness.
Cov khoom siv tau zoo ua haujlwm ntawm phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev. Feem ntau thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, rwb thaiv tsev tsis yog siv tag nrho, vim nws ntseeg tias huab cua nws tus kheejnyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yog ib tug zoo heev cua sov. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias nws ua hauj lwm raws li thermal rwb thaiv tsev tsuas yog thaum nws tsis txav. Qhov no yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv: lawv tsim ntau cov kab noj hniav nrog "tseem" cua.
Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj qee zaum siv, tab sis nws kuj kim heev thiab yog li tsis siv dav hauv kev tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov khoom tso tawm cov tshuaj lom thiab tom qab ib lub sij hawm raug puas tsuaj.
Lub thawv phab ntsa yog insulated nrog flax fiber. Chop straw los yog lwm yam khoom uas tsis ncuav mog qab zib rau lub sij hawm kuj yog tsim nyog. Nws tseem ceeb heev kom nco ntsoov nws compatibility nrog ntoo.
theem ntawm kev tsim lub tsev siv "ob chav ntoo" thev naus laus zis
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhia peb tias kev tsim lub tsev tus kheej tsuas yog los ntawm kev poob rau nws qhov zoo, yog li koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kws tshaj lij. Kev tsim ib lub tsev suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
- Sketch development (project). Nws suav nrog txoj kev npaj tsim kho, kos duab lub façade ntawm lub tsev, thiab kev xaiv ntawm architecture. Feem ntau cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv kev muag cov khoom siv hauv tsev muab kev pabcuam rau kev tsim cov qauv hauv tsev, yog li koj tuaj yeem tig mus rau lawv kom pab. Koj tseem tuaj yeem nrhiav txoj kev npaj tsim nyog hauv Is Taws Nem, tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
- Tsim ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project. Designers coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho koj cov kev xav tau thiab kos ib daim duab ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho. Daim ntawv ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tau dawb. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog tshwm sim yog tias koj kos npe nrog lub tuam txhabkev cog lus kev tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum koj xav pib npaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, thiab tsis yog kev tsim kho tag nrho, kev pabcuam yuav raug nqi txog 400 rubles / m 2 (hauv Moscow).
- Kev npaj cov khoom siv rau lub tsev ntoo. Qhov no yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab xav tau theem ntawm kev tsim tsev siv "ob beam" thev naus laus zis. Cov lus teb los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hais tias nws yuav siv sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm 1 lub hlis los tsim ib lub tsev nrog thaj tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 100 m 2, tsis suav nrog qhov nyuaj ntawm nws cov architecture.
- Kev tsim kho erection. Qhov no yog theem kawg ntawm kev sib dhos ntawm cov khoom siv. Tsis siv cov ntsia hlau lossis cov kua nplaum rau ntawm nws, tab sis tsuas yog "kho" tag nrho cov pob thiab kev sib txuas. Xauv cov pob qij txha muab lub zog siab thiab ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov qauv.
Tus nqi
Lub tsev tsim siv "ob beam" thev naus laus zis yog kim dua li cov khoom siv ntoo. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm 1 m 2ntawm ib phab ntsa insulated yuav raug nqi 5,500 rubles. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv nrog lub thickness ntawm 150 hli yuav pheej yig dua - 3,500 rubles. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias ib tug nqaj txawm 20 cm tuab yuav tsum tau rwb thaiv tsev.
Ob chav insulated phab ntsa tshuab muab cov qauv ua tiav uas tsis xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv thiab yog li tus nqi.
Rau qhov sib piv, cia peb ua qhov yooj yim kwv yees rau phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov ntoo profiled. Raws li twb tau sau tseg, tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm ib phab ntsa "liab qab" 15 cm tuab yog 3,500 rubles / m 2. Rwb thaiv tsev, piv txwv li, 20 cm ntawm ecowool, tus nqi 800rub/m2. Ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm tus ncej, nrog rau clapboard hauv ob sab phlu - ib qho ntxiv 600 rubles / m 2. Ntawd yog, kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub tsev log ntawm ib lub bar yuav raug nqi kwv yees li 1,400 / m2. Vim li ntawd, 4,900 rubles/m2 yog tus nqi uas yuav tsum tau them rau m2 rau hauv ib lub tsev ua los ntawm ob lub cav ntoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tshuaj xyuas qhia peb tias qhov sib txawv me me ntawm tus nqi tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo heev.
