Txog ib lub sijhawm, huab cua txiv qaub tau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho tsuas yog hauv daim ntawv slaked. IV Smirnov nyob rau hauv lub thirties thov kom siv cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv txoj kev. Nws, thiab tom qab Osip B. V., tau qhia tias nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, hydrated hardening ntawm cov khoom yuav tshwm sim. Cov txheej txheem no zoo ib yam li lub hardening ntawm Portland cement los yog gypsum.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
txiv qaub yog ib lub tswv yim feem ntau lees txais thoob plaws ntiaj teb, ua tib zoo sib txuas cov khoom ntawm roasting (thiab tom qab ua tiav) ntawm chalk, limestone thiab lwm cov pob zeb carbonate. Kev faib tawm yog ua raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Raws li txoj cai, lo lus "txiv qaub" yog hais txog ceev ceev thiab cov khoom ntawm nws cov kev cuam tshuam nrog dej. Cov khoom no yuav yog hmoov, hauv av los yog khob noom cookie. Cov mis rau quicklime yog CaO. Cov tshuaj no yog cov khoom ntawm cov pob zeb ci, uas calcium oxide ua cov tshuaj tseem ceeb. Nws nquag cuam tshuam nrog dej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm hydration, slaked txiv qaub yog tsim - Ca (OH) 2.
Kev faib tawm
Raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv muab faibhuab cua sib tov (muaj xws li magnesium thiab calcium oxides) thiab hydrate sib tov (muaj ntau cov hlau, txhuas thiab silicon oxides). Hauv kev lag luam, kev siv ceev ceev cov pob thiab hmoov yog siv. Cov yav tas kuj muab faib ua ob hom. Thawj yog hauv av quicklime. Hom thib ob yog tau los ntawm kev siv tshuab tshwj xeeb. Slaked txiv qaub (fluff) yog tau los ntawm slaking magnesian, calcium thiab dolomitic txiv qaub uas siv cov dej tsawg. Muaj lwm hom. Cov no suav nrog, tshwj xeeb, tshuaj dawb thiab dej qab zib txiv qaub.
Production
Tsim kom nrawm yog tsim los siv cov pob zeb calcium-magnesium ntuj. Lawv feem ntau suav nrog calcium thiab magnesium carbonate. Lawv kuj suav nrog impurities ntawm av nplaum thiab xuab zeb. Thaum lub sij hawm kho cua sov (thaum rhuab) nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg mus rau ib tug kub ntawm 800 mus rau 1200 degrees, calcium-magnesium pob zeb pib decompose. Cov txheej txheem no tsim cov oxides ntawm magnesium (MgO) thiab calcium (CaO), nrog rau carbon dioxide.
Technology kom tau txais kev sib xyaw ntawm kev sib tsoo zoo
Quicklime av yog tau los ntawm kev sib tsoo cov sib tov nyob rau hauv cov pa mills. Lawv txoj hauj lwm yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw voj voog nrog ib tug separator cais hais ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau loj. Qee zaum, ob qhov sib cais tau muab tso rau hauv series hauv chav tsev. Qhov no ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txog niaj hnub no, cov lus nug txog kev sib tsoo zoo ntawm txiv qaubtsim tsis txaus. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev xaiv mills thiab sib tsoo schemes, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau coj mus rau hauv tus account, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub degree ntawm firing ntawm cov khoom (hnyav, nruab nrab los yog muag muag khoom). Nco ntsoov coj mus rau hauv tus account lub xub ntiag ntawm overburning, underburning, muaj cov khoom inclusions. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsoo cov txiv qaub hnyav thiab nruab nrab hlawv, ua rau nws cov khoom los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab cuam tshuam. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim hauv pob zeb. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov nyiam ntawm cov khoom sib sau ua ke yuav tsum muaj cov mills luv luv thiab tshem tawm sai ntawm cov feem zoo ntawm tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw, nrog rau kev siv cov txheej txheem uas txo cov kev sib sau.
Siv ceev thiab nws cov khoom
Cov tshuaj no tau siv dav hauv ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg. Cov neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws suav nrog: ferrous metallurgy, kev ua liaj ua teb, qab zib, tshuaj lom neeg, pulp thiab ntawv kev lag luam. CaO kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Kev sib txuas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw ecology. Txiv qaub yog siv los tshem tawm sulfur oxide los ntawm flue gases. Lub compound kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau dej muag thiab ua kom cov khoom organic thiab cov khoom muaj nyob hauv nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv quicklime xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj cov kua qaub thiab cov dej khib nyiab. Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov av, lub compound tshem tawm acidity uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau cov nroj tsuag cultivated. Quicklime enriches av nrog calcium. Vim li no, kev ua haujlwm ntawm thaj av nce ntxiv, thiab kev lwj ntawm humus nrawm dua. Ua ke nrog qhov ntawdQhov kev xav tau ntau ntawm cov chiv nitrogen raug txo.
Hydrate sib tov yog siv nyob rau hauv cov nqaij qaib thiab tsiaj txhu noj. Qhov no tshem tawm qhov tsis muaj calcium hauv cov zaub mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog siv los txhim kho kev huv huv hauv kev saib xyuas thiab yug tsiaj txhu. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, hydrated txiv qaub thiab sorbents yog siv los tsim calcium fluoride thiab calcium hydrochloride. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam petrochemical, lub compound neutralizes acid tars, thiab kuj ua raws li ib tug reagent nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab inorganic thiab organic synthesis. Txiv qaub yog siv dav hauv kev tsim kho. Qhov no yog vim lub siab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg ntawm cov khoom. Qhov sib tov yog siv rau hauv kev npaj ntawm binders, concretes thiab mortars, tsim cov khoom rau kev tsim kho.
Qua av txiv qaub. Cov txiaj ntsig
Quicklime, raws li tau hais los saum no, yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb thiab mortar. Qhov kev sib txuas no muaj ntau qhov zoo. Hauv particular, piv rau hydrated txiv qaub nyob rau hauv khob noom cookie los yog hmoov daim ntawv, lub finely av sib tov tsis tawm tej pov tseg. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tag nrho nws cov Cheebtsam yog siv feem ntau rationally thaum hardening. Av Quicklime yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev thov dej qis. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws thaj chaw tshwj xeeb kuj tseem me dua. Hauv qhov no, "kev ua haujlwm" ntawm cov pob zeb lossis kev daws teeb meem raws li CaO tau txais nrog cov ntim dej tsawg. Txo cov dej thov ntawm pob zebthiab mortar mixs pab kom lawv lub zog thaum lub sij hawm hardening. Thaum hydrated nyob rau hauv cov sib tov npaj lawm, txiv qaub khi dej ntau (txog 32% thaum hloov mus rau hydrate). Qhov no pab txhawb rau kev tsim cov khoom, cov pob zeb thiab cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev ua kom ceev thiab lub zog. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hydrated hardening ntawm quicklime, ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub yog tso tawm. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom lag luam raws li cov khoom sib xyaw no ua kom muaj zog ntau dua ntawm qhov kub qis (qis qis) thiab muaj qhov ntsuas lub zog zoo dua, txij li cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig muab kev tshem tawm sai thiab txo qis hauv thermal stresses. Nws yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo uas txiav txim siab siv CaO thoob plaws hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tau cov pob zeb zoo thiab mortar mix?
Nyob rau hauv hydrated hardening ntawm quicklime, cov txiaj ntsig zoo tuaj yeem ua tau raws li ntau yam xwm txheej. Ua ntej, qhov sib tov yuav tsum yog finely av. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tswj tau ib qho piv txwv ntawm txiv qaub thiab dej. Thaum lub sij hawm hardening txheej txheem yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov cua sov los yog lwm txoj kev uas yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cua sov ntawm hardening concretes los yog kev daws rau kub uas yuav ua rau khaus evaporation ntawm noo noo (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum boiling). Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob sib tov cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm ib theem ntawm cov kua qaub hydration txheej txheem.
khaws cia thiab nqi
Tus nqi ntawm quicklime nyob ntawm qib, hom thiab ntau npaum li cas koj xav taukhoom. Yog li, piv txwv li, tus nqi ntawm ib lub hnab yog los ntawm 300-400 rubles, thiab ib tuj - los ntawm 8-10 txhiab rubles. Cov khoom yog khaws cia hauv warehouses nrog mechanized unloading thiab loading. Lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov compound yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj tsib mus rau kaum hnub (kom tsis txhob carbonization thiab hydration ntawm calcium oxide). Quicklime pob los yog av txiv qaub raug xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv cov thawv ntim khoom, cov hnab ntim bituminized lossis hauv cov tsheb thauj mus los, lossis hauv cov tsheb thauj khoom cement. Ntim hauv hnab yog nqa tawm siv cov chav nyob niaj hnub nrog cov khoom siv tuav. Hauv hnab, cov khoom yuav tsum khaws cia tsis pub ntev tshaj kaum tsib hnub.
