ICE (internal combustion engine): cov yam ntxwv, hom

Cov txheej txheem:

ICE (internal combustion engine): cov yam ntxwv, hom
ICE (internal combustion engine): cov yam ntxwv, hom

Video: ICE (internal combustion engine): cov yam ntxwv, hom

Video: ICE (internal combustion engine): cov yam ntxwv, hom
Video: Science Please! : The Internal Combustion Engine 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Tshav kub nthuav dav ntawm cov pa roj siv hauv ntau cov khoom siv niaj hnub no. Cov no yog cov cav turbojet, thiab diesel xyaw, thiab carburetor … Lub thermal unit tuaj yeem yog ob hom:

  • external combustion engine;
  • ICE (internal combustion engine).

Cia peb xav txog lub cuab yeej ntawm hom thib ob hauv kev nthuav dav.

yam ntxwv dav dav

Feem ntau cov tsheb niaj hnub no tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv zoo li no, uas lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv yog tso tawm cua sov thiab hloov mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm txhua yam. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua nyob rau hauv lub tog raj kheej.

Cov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws yog piston thiab cov motors sib xyaw ua ke. Lawv tuaj yeem siv tau ntev thiab muaj qhov me me thiab qhov hnyav. Tab sis qhov downside nyob rau hauv lawv yog lub zog ntawm lub piston, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug reciprocating yam nrog kev koom tes ntawm ib tug crank mechanism, uas, nyob rau hauv ib tes, ua rau kev ua hauj lwm nyuaj, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ib tug limiter nyob rau hauv nce. qhov ceev. Qhov tom kawg yog qhov pom tau zoo tshaj plaws nrog lub cev muaj zog loj.

Kev tsim, kev loj hlob thiab, feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv, tau kawg, yog raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm thermal expansion, nrognyob rau hauv uas rhuab gases ua hauj lwm pab tau. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm combustion, lub siab nyob rau hauv lub tog raj kheej jumps sharply, thiab lub piston txav. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev quab yuam, uas ua rau thermal expansion, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv combustion engines thiab lwm yam technologies.

internal combustion engine
internal combustion engine

Yuav kom siv tau lub zog siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus, lub combustion chamber yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv nrog cov cua-roj sib tov, vim tias lub piston tsav lub crankshaft, thiab tom kawg tsav lub log.

Txhua lub tsheb niaj hnub no yog plaub-mob stroke, thiab lub zog hauv lawv yuav luag hloov ua lub zog muaj txiaj ntsig.

keeb kwm me ntsis

thawj lub tswv yim ntawm hom no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1860 los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij Fab Kis, thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, nws cov neeg sib tw tau thov kom siv plaub lub voj voog, qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv suav nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus., compression, combustion thiab expansion, as well as exhaust.

Xyoo 1878, tus kws kho mob German tau tsim thawj lub tshuab plaub-stroke nrog kev ua haujlwm txog li 22%, uas zoo heev tshaj qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm txhua tus neeg ua ntej.

kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm ib tug internal combustion engine
kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm ib tug internal combustion engine

Lub cev muaj zog li no tau pib nthuav dav hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub neej. Niaj hnub no nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tsheb, ua liaj ua teb machinery, nkoj, diesel locomotives, aircraft, fais fab nroj tsuag thiab hais txog.

pros and cons

Kev vam meej yog vim qhov ua tau zoo ntawmkev lag luam, compactness thiab zoo adaptability. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cav muaj peev xwm pib nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws, tom qab ntawd nws nrawm nrawm thiab ncav cuag qhov hnyav. Rau cov tsheb, xws li ib tug yam ntxwv raws li ib tug tseem ceeb braking torque yog ib qho tseem ceeb.

ICE (lub cav) muaj peev xwm khiav ntawm ntau hom roj, los ntawm roj av mus rau roj.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov motors no kuj muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo, ntawm cov uas tsis muaj zog, lub suab nrov, kev sib hloov ntawm lub crankshaft nquag heev thaum pib, tsis muaj peev xwm txuas rau lub log tsav, toxicity, piston reciprocating txav.

Cas

Lub cev yog ib qho qauv tsim, suav nrog lub tog raj kheej thaiv, lawv lub taub hau, thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm qhov sib cais qis ntawm lub crankcase, thiab ib qho tseem ceeb thav duab nrog npog. Kuj tseem muaj kev tsim qauv monoblock. Cov kev sib txawv no, tau kawg, txhais tau hais tias muaj kev sib txawv los kho.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev muaj zog yog lub hauv paus qhov chaw ntawm lub sijhawm thiab crank mechanism, txias tshuab, fais fab mov, lubrication thiab lwm yam txuas nrog.

lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm internal combustion engine
lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm internal combustion engine

Kev faib tawm

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv siv dav tshaj plaws (ICE), uas cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv lub tog raj kheej lawv tus kheej. Tab sis lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem raug cais raws li ntau yam kev cai.

Raws li lub voj voog ua haujlwm lawv yog:

  • ob-stroke;
  • plaub-stroke.

Raws li txoj kev sib tov yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub combustion engine, lub cav yog:

  • nrog rau sab nraudtsim (gas thiab carburetor);
  • cav nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke (diesel).

Los ntawm txoj kev txias:

  • nrog kua;
  • nrog cua.

By cylinders:

  • ib lub tog raj kheej;
  • ob lub tog raj kheej;
  • multi-cylinder.

Los ntawm lawv qhov chaw:

  • kab (ntsug lossis oblique);
  • V-shaped.

Los ntawm lub tog raj kheej nrog cua:

  • naturally aspirated;
  • supercharged.

Raws li qhov zaus ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv (lub cav) nws tshwm sim:

  • slow-moving;
  • nce zaus;
  • nrawm nrawm.

Los ntawm roj siv:

  • ntau roj;
  • gas;
  • diesel;
  • petrol.

Los ntawm compression piv:

  • siab;
  • low.

rau lub hom phiaj:

  • autotractor;
  • aviation;
  • stationary;
  • nkoj thiab lwm yam.
internal combustion engine
internal combustion engine

Power

Lub zog ntawm lub tsheb feem ntau suav nrog lub zog horsepower. lo lus no tau qhia nyob rau xyoo kaum yim los ntawm ib tus neeg tsim khoom Askiv uas ua raws cov nees rub pob tawb ntawm cov mines. Los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm qhov hnyav thiab qhov siab uas nws tau tsa, D. Watt suav tias ntau npaum li cas thee tus nees tuaj yeem rub tau hauv ib feeb ntawm qhov tob. Tom qab ntawd, chav tsev no tau raug hu ua lub npe hu ua "horsepower". Tom qab xyoo 1960 muajtxais yuav International System of Units (SI), h.p. los ua ib lub koom haum pab, uas yog sib npaug rau 736 W.

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