Plooring nrog ntoo boards yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub tsev tsim los ntawm cov khoom zoo sib xws, tab sis xws li txheej yog zoo meej rau ob chav tsev thiab ib lub tsev thaiv, thiab tseem yuav pab tsim ib tug microclimate ib txwm. Kev tso tseg tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb, vim nws yog txheej txheem yooj yim uas tsis tas yuav muaj kev txawj tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, nws raug nquahu kom kawm qhov theoretical thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseem ceeb.
Pem teb ntawm pob zeb
Hauv tsev ntiag tug, qhov sib txawv ntawm txheej txheej no tau dhau los ua ntau yam. Ntoo flooring siv tau ob qho tib si rau hauv qab daus los yog thawj pem teb nrog ib tug kev npaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus, thiab rau ib tug pem teb nyob rau hauv lub thib ob thiab tom qab pem teb nrog overlapping on beams. Tus tsim hloov pauv loj yog tias lub hauv paus yog cov pob zeb ua pob zeb los yog pob zeb ua vaj tse, thiab kev hloov kho kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim installation thiab txo tus nqi tag nrho.
Generalrules
Ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum kawg ntawm lub caij cua sov vim muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntoo noo thiab huab cua puag ncig. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nqus dej los ntawm cov laug cam yog txo. Yog hais tias ntoo decking yuav tsum tau nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xaiv lub sij hawm uas yuav muaj huab cua qhuav thiab tshav ntuj ntev. Cov ntoo cuam tshuam, zoo li cov ntoo siv hauv kev tsim kho, yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov nplaim hluav taws thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cov huab cua tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau kev teeb tsa hauv pem teb thiab siv yog kwv yees li 60%. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov ntsuas no, ntoo pib deform thiab dampen, thiab yog tias cov av qis dhau, nws yuav tawg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv tsev kub yog tsawg kawg +8 degrees.
Qhov chaw hauv qab yuav tsum muaj qhov cua txaus, rau qhov tshwj xeeb no tau muab rau hauv qab daus. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm lub cav thiab cov ncej, muab ob txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom vov tsev, ua tsaug uas cov khoom rotting yuav zam tau.
khoom
Lub pem teb tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- folded board;
- glulam;
- cov ntaub ntawv (plywood, chipboard);
- tsis muaj board.
Qhov kawg ob txoj kev xaiv yog siv rau subfloor, uas txhais tau hais tias tom qab tso cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus. Lub creation ntawm ib tug xov yog nqa tawm los ntawm glued laminated ntoo thiab folded boards. Lawv yog varnished los yog pleev xim rau, ua lub hauv paus. Nws yog ntshaw tias lub rooj tsavxwm yuav ruaj thiab sib haum mus rau qhov dav ntawm chav tsev. Cedar, larch thiab Pine tau dhau los ua qhov dav tshaj plaws, hardwoods tsis yog li ntawd nrov. Nyob rau nruab nrab, ntoo flooring nqi ntawm 300 mus rau 1600 rubles ib square meter.
Npaj ua haujlwm
Thaum tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov av, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev kho kom nruj ntawm cov lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev saib xyuas yog them rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab waterproofing ntawm qhov chaw hauv av. Txhawm rau npaj lub hauv paus, ib txheej ntawm cov av raug tshem tawm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm chav tsev, lub thickness ntawm uas yuav tsum yog ib tug nqi uas tso cai rau koj mus ua ib tug recess hauv qab no cov av theem nyob ze ntawm lub tsev los ntawm 25 cm. Ces crushed pob zeb thiab dej xuab zeb. raug nchuav. Txhua txheej yog wetted nrog dej nyob rau hauv lem thiab kneaded tightly.
Ob peb lub cib tseem tab tom ua rau ntawm cov xuab zeb los txhawb lub cav. Qhov dav ntawm tus ncej yog pib ob lub cib. Lawv tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub mortar thiab muab tso rau hauv tib theem raws ntug sab saud. Ib qho ruaj khov thiab ncab mesh ntawm phab ntsa lossis lub tshuab laser yog siv los xyuas cov qib. Txhua lub cav yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ob tug ncej, qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum faib lawv. Nrog rau qhov ntev tseem ceeb, nws muaj peev xwm ntxiv ib kab ntxiv. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kev txhawb nqa yog xam raws li qhov ntev ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thiab qhov kwv yees qhov hnyav nqa ntawm lawv. Kev suav tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm nws tus kheej, pib los ntawm GOSTs, yog tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, tus tsim-tus tsim lossis lub koom haum tshwj xeeb yuav pab.
Rau ib lub tsev nyob, cov laug cam uas muaj qhov loj ntawm 50 x 100 mm yog tsim raws li lub cav, uas tau nruab rau ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 60 cm. Cov ncej yog tsau rau ntawm ob sab, ib qho nruab nrab yog siv yog lub cav. yog ntev tshaj 3 meters.
Interfloor kab
Tsis xav tau kev npaj ua haujlwm thaum txhim kho ntawm cov kab nruab nrab, yog li koj tuaj yeem pib nteg cov plag tsev nrog lub rooj ntoo. Ib txheej ntawm waterproofing yog muab tso rau saum lawv, uas yog vov tsev ntawv. Cov cav yog muab tso rau ntawm daim hlau nrog qhov dav ntawm 3-4 cm thiab tsau nrog cov thauj tog rau nkoj ntawm cov ncej. Ua tsaug rau cov phaj siv, nws tuaj yeem nqa lub ntsej muag mus rau hauv ib qho dav hlau. Thaum xub thawj, ob lub cav yog mounted ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm chav tsev nrog ib qho kev txhawb siab rau txhua tus. Lawv raug coj mus rau qib uas yuav tsum tau ua nrog kev qhia meej ntawm qhov tseeb kev teeb tsa uas siv qib dej, npuas lossis laser hom.
nrhiav qib: cov ntsiab lus
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog thawj zaug kos ib kab nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig ib 'meter' los ntawm pem teb yav tom ntej thiab tom qab ntawd sib piv txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev lag luam nrog qib no. Hauv cov haujlwm zoo li no, qib npuas muaj kev ntseeg siab tsawg dua thiab feem ntau muab qhov tsis raug vim qhov tseeb tsawg. Cov kab nuv ntses yuav tsum tau rub tawm nrog cov lags nyob ntawm ntug. Pib los ntawm nws, mount cov khoom seem. Txhawm rau tsim cov txheej txheej ntxhib, cov kab sib npaug yog ntim raws hauv qab ntawm lub cav. Yog tias lawv nyob ntawm tus ncej thiab muaj av hauv paus, cov kab txuas txuas hla lawv hla tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm chav nyob deblos ntawm ib leeg hauv 50-70 cm. Tus kheej tapping screws lossis ntsia hlau yog siv los kho cov tuav.
Tom qab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej ntxhib raug txiav los ntawm cov khoom siv los yog cov boards uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Lawv nyob ntawm cov tuav ntawm lub lags.
DPB technology
Tsis ntev los no, cov txheej txheem tshiab tau tsim los ua kom yooj yim rau kev tsim kho ntoo decking. Vim nws, cov teeb meem xws li deformation, shrinkage thiab tawg yog tshem tawm.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab yog lub hollow hom thaiv, sib sau los ntawm cov khoom uas raug txiav tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv zoo nrog lub taub me me. Nws yog xws li ib tug thaiv kev tsim kho, muaj ob tuav nruj nreem kaw nrog partitions. Muaj cov kab noj dawb ntawm cov qauv tsim.
Insulation Nyob
Ntoo decking yuav tsum tau rwb thaiv tsev nrog cov khoom uas muaj vapor permeability siab. Nws tuaj yeem siv bas alt slabs thiab ntxhia wool. Thermal rwb thaiv tsev tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem thaum tso lub cav ntawm qhov deb ntawm 600 mm. Tsis pub txiav cov khoom raws li qhov ntev ntawm qhov khoob. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxig cov strips kom nruj kom tsis muaj qhov khoob khoob. Rau kev ua pa ib txwm muaj, qhov chaw me me yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov tuav thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws kub-insulating kuj suav nrog lub suab rwb thaiv tsev. Ua ntej ua cov ntoo hauv pem teb, ib qho vapor-waterproofing membrane yog nteg rau ntawm lub cav. Cov kab txaij yog kis nrog qhov sib tshooj ntawm yam tsawg kawg 25 cm. Cov pob qij txha yog glued nrog daim kab xev nplaum. Vapor barrier txheej nyob ntawmversion yog tsau nrog brackets los yog ntsia. Cov khoom siv hauv pem teb muaj feem cuam tshuam rau txoj kev kho.
Tshwj xeeb ntoo lawj board nrog cua qhov cua tsis tas yuav tsum tau batten khoom.
pob zeb hauv paus: kev npaj ua haujlwm
Nws siv sijhawm tsawg dua thiab siv zog los txhim kho cov ntoo hauv pem teb nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes ntawm cov qauv pob zeb, vim tias lub hauv paus twb tau npaj lawm thiab cov cav tuaj yeem kho tau ntau npaum li qhov xav tau, yog li txo qhov hnyav ntawm qhov khoov. Yog li, tsis muaj qhov taw tes rau kev siv lub cav nrog ib qho kev hla loj. Lub beam ntawm 50 x 50 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb. Cov cav yog tsau nrog kev tsim kho studs nrog ib txoj kab uas hla mus txog 10 mm. Lub stud nyob rau hauv qis qis yog txwv los ntawm cov txiv ntoo, uas, ua ke nrog lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, teeb tsa theem ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub cav los ntawm sab hauv qab.
Qhov rau studs yog drilled nyob rau hauv cov tuav, uas yog ntxiv dag zog rau txhua txhua 60 cm ntawm theem ntawm lub lag installation. Lub qhov nyob rau sab saum toj yuav tsum dav txaus kom haum rau cov txiv ntoo thiab lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws rau lub fastener.
Ntawm qhov kawg ntawm chav tsev, ob lub cav raug mounted thiab muab tso nrog kev pab los ntawm studs nyob rau theem. Lub installation ntawm tus so yog txiav txim los ntawm cov nuv ntses kab nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Lub kaum sab xis tshem tawm cov khoom tawm ntau dhau ntawm cov studs. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib nteg cov ntoo hauv pem teb nrog koj tus kheej tes siv cov ntaub ntawv los yog ib lub floorboard. Yog hais tias nws yog ib theem nruab nrab theem rau lub tsho tiv no, ces plywood yuav dhau los ua kev xav.
Nyob
Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov laug cam yog tsim los ntawm cov cav uas tau npaj ua ntej. Thawj lub rooj tsavxwm yog tsau nyob rau hauv parallel mus rau qhov nkag ze ntawm lub qhov rais. Yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw dawb ntawm cov array thiab phab ntsa. Fastening yog ua tau nrog kev pab los ntawm cov rau tes nrog ib tug ntev ob peb lub sij hawm ntau tshaj li qhov dav ntawm cov laug cam, los yog self-tapping screws, qhov ntev ntawm uas yog ob thicknesses. Cov ntsia hlau yog tsav nyob rau hauv ib lub kaum sab xis rau hauv cov grooves ntawm qhov kawg. Tom qab ob peb kab ntawm cov laug cam yog mounted. Ib qho yooj yim steel bracket yog muab tso rau hauv lub cav nrog ib tug me ntsis sib txawv.
Ntoo wedges yog siv nruab nrab ntawm cov ntoo nteg thiab cov staple los ua kom qhov ntom ntawm cov pob qij txha. Cov khoom yog tsau nrog rau tes. Yog li ntawd, hauv pem teb yog npog mus rau qhov kawg, ib yam li cov ntoo decks ntawm tus choj.
Yog tias qhov dav hauv pem teb tshaj qhov ntev ntawm ib lub rooj tsavxwm, lawv yuav tsum tau txiav kom qhov kawg ntawm ib kab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub cav. Cov boards tau nruab rau hauv kab uas nyob ib sab ntawm ib qho qauv checkerboard.
Kev xaiv ntawm cov laug cam uas nyob ib sab yog ua los ntawm kev coj mus rau hauv tus account cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov nplhaib txhua xyoo - lawv yuav tsum mus rau ntau qhov sib txawv. Lub rooj zaum kawg yog ntsia los ntawm phab ntsa ntawm qhov deb ntawm 15 mm. Txhawm rau kaw qhov khoob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm, plinths yog siv. Txhawm rau kom qhov cua nkag mus rau hauv pem teb, lub plinth yog tsau rau ntawm ib phab ntsa nrog qhov indent ntawm yam tsawg kawg 10 hli. Tom qab ob peb lub lis piam, nws tuaj yeem hloov tau nrog ib qho tsis tu ncua. Koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov ntoo hauv pem teb los ntawm cov dej noo nkag hauv qab lawv thaum tu nrog kev pab los ntawm cov hlua qis nruab nrab ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov qhov me me hauv ob lub kaum ntawm chav tsev.
Cov ntsiab lus kawg
Rau cov ntaub ntawv nteg, ntxiv fastening ntawm jumpers ntawm lub lags yog yuav tsum tau ua kom lub zog ntawm lub installation nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam. Tsis muaj lwm qhov sib txawv hauv pem teb installation. Thaum kawg, ntoo decks yog sanded, sanded thiab coated nrog cov xim los yog kua roj vanish. Nws yog ib qho ua tau los siv ntoo putty los kaw cov kab nrib pleb uas twb muaj lawm, vim tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj ziab hauv qhov sib xyaw, nws tsis raug rau kev tawg. Cov ntoo tsis tshua muaj tuaj yeem ua raws li kev siv tshuab toning. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov quav ciab tshwj xeeb lossis roj ntxiv rau matte, ci ntsa iab. Tom qab cov txheej tau qhuav lawm, hauv pem teb yog npaj siv.
