khoom ntoo yog siv ntau yam khoom. Thiab lawv txoj kev sib txuas yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas lub zog ntawm tag nrho cov qauv nyob ntawm.
Kaum ob ntawm cov tebchaw sib txawv yog siv los ua rooj tog thiab lwm yam khoom ntoo. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm yuav ua li cas txuas ntoo qhov chaw nyob ntawm seb cov khoom yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov kawg thiab dab tsi load nws yuav tsum nqa.
hom kev sib txuas
Thaum txuas cov khoom ntoo, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov ib qho tseem ceeb - ib txwm ib feem nyias yog txuas nrog ib qho tuab, tab sis tsis ua rau lwm tus.
Raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus, muaj cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntoo:
- tsev - nce qhov nthuav dav hauv qhov siab;
- splicing - elongation ntawm workpiece;
- rally - nce qhov dav ntawm lub caij;
- knitting - kev sib txuas ntawm lub kaum sab xis.
Txoj kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntoo hauv kev tsim cov rooj tog feem ntau siv raws li hauv qab no:
- bonding;
- dovtail;
- pob;
- groove;
- overlapping;
- dab ntxwg nyoog;
Cia peb xav txog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm qee qhov sib xyaw kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Splice length
Hom kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom ntoo no muaj qee qhov nuances. Ntawm nws lub hauv paus, qhov no yog qhov elongation ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv kab rov tav kev taw qhia. Splicing tuaj yeem yog:
- Rov-rau-rov qab - qhov kev txiav ntawm qhov kawg yog ua ntawm lub kaum sab xis thiab sib xyaw ua ke. Lub bracket yog hammered rau hauv ob kab teeb (cav).
- Oblique pob tw - cov kev txiav yog ua ntawm lub kaum sab xis, thiab qhov kawg yog fastened nrog tus pin los yog ntsia thawv.
- Pem hauv ntej pob tw nrog ridge.
- Direct overlay - qhov ntev ntawm qhov txiav yog 1.5-2 npaug ntau dua li qhov tuab ntawm cov nqaj (log).
- Slanting overlay - qhov kawg yog txiav ntawm lub kaum sab xis thiab tsau nrog bolts.
- Overlay nrog oblique txiav - kawg ridges yog ua nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom, muaj ib tug dav thiab ntev ib feem peb ntawm lub thickness ntawm cov ntoo.
Qhov siab Extension
Los ntawm lub npe nws pom tseeb tias qhov tseem ceeb yog kom ntev cov tuav lossis cov cav nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntsug. Cov axes ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog nyob rau tib txoj kab ncaj nraim. Extension hom yog:
- Kev tsim kom kawg-rau-kawg. Txhawm rau pom cov khoom tsis sib xws, tus pin barbed yog ntxig rau ntawm ob sab.
- Extension nrog ib lossis ob qhov spikes. Qhov dav thiab qhov siab ntawm ib qho spike yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg ib feem peb ntawm cov ntoo thickness. Qhov tob ntawm lub zes yog me ntsis ntau dua qhov siab ntawm qhov spike.
- Txog ib nrab tsob ntoo. Qhov kawg ntawm ob lub cav yuav tsum tau txiav mus rau ib nrab ntawm lawv cov tuab los ntawm 3-3.5txoj kab uas hla.
- Tau nplaig. Nyob rau hauv ib tug beam, koj yuav tsum tau txiav ib rab rawg mus rau hauv uas koj yuav tsum tau ntxig rau qhov sib txuas txiav kawg ntawm lwm yam workpiece. Kev sib txuas nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau qhwv nrog tin.
Cia li dav
Thov kom qhov dav ntawm cov khoom. Thaum siv txoj kev sib tw, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xyuam xim rau qhov chaw ntawm cov rings txhua xyoo ntawm tsob ntoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau alternate boards nyob ntawm lawv cov kev taw qhia. Cov kev xaiv Rally yog:
- Rov qab-rau-rov qab - cov khoom yuav tsum tau txiav thiab milled rau ntawm ib lub xwmfab.
- Nyob rau hauv tus nplaig - qhov siab thiab dav ntawm lub ridge yog sib npaug rau 1/3 ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.
- Nyob rau hauv lub hacksaw - cov npoo yuav tsum tau txiav ntawm lub kaum sab xis mus rau lub dav hlau dav ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.
- Zoo nrog qhov siab ntawm 1/3 mus rau ib nrab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.
- Ib lub quarter nrog ib lub ledge sib npaug rau ib nrab ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.
- Nyob rau hauv tus nplaig nrog ntsia - nyob rau hauv txhua lub rooj tsavxwm, xaiv cov grooves rau hauv uas koj xav mus ntxig rau lub tsheb ciav hlau, uas muaj ib tug dav ob npaug rau qhov tob ntawm lub zawj.
Knitting
Knitting yog siv thaum nws tsim nyog los txuas cov khoom ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Hom knitting yog:
- ib nrab-ntoo knitting nrog zais ntsia hlau;
- ib nrab paw knitting;
- slotted paw.
Angle kawg txuas
Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj los nqa ob ntu ua ke. Kev koom nrog cov ntoo ntawm txoj cai kaum yog ua tiav siv txoj kev no. Qhov chaw ntawm ob qhov chaw yog ua tib zoo kho rau ib leeg thiab nias kom nruj. mus rautxuas cov ntoo nrog cov ntsia hlau lossis cov ntsia hlau. Lawv qhov ntev yuav tsum yog li ntawd lawv dhau los ntawm thawj ntu thiab nkag mus tob rau qhov thib ob los ntawm 1/3 ntawm qhov ntev.
Yuav kom lub fastening yuav txhim khu kev qha, yuav tsum tau tsav nyob rau hauv tsawg kawg yog ob tug ntsia thawv. Koj yuav tsum muab lawv tso rau ntawm ob sab ntawm kab hauv nruab nrab. Lub thickness ntawm tus ntsia thawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau tawg ntawm ntoo. Yog li, nws raug pom zoo kom ua qhov ua ntej nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.7 ntawm lub thickness ntawm tus ntsia thawv siv.
txhawm rau txhim kho kho, lubricate cov chaw uas txuas nrog cov kua nplaum. Rau cov chav uas yuav tsis nyob hauv qab ntawm cov dej noo, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntoo ntoo, casein lossis cov kua nplaum ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv cov khoom nyob rau hauv high humidity tej yam kev mob, nws yog zoo dua los siv ib tug noo noo-resistant nplaum, piv txwv li, epoxy.
T-kev sib txuas overlay
Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom ntoo, koj yuav tsum tau nteg ib qho chaw ua haujlwm rau saum lwm tus thiab txuas lawv ua ke siv bolts, ntsia hlau lossis ntsia hlau. Koj tuaj yeem npaj cov ntoo blanks ob qho tib si ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse rau ib leeg, thiab raws ib kab.
txhawm rau xyuas kom meej tias lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom tsis hloov, siv tsawg kawg 4 tus ntsia hlau. Yog tias tsuas muaj ob tus ntsia hlau, ces lawv tau tsav hauv diagonally. Txhawm rau txhim kho kom muaj zog, cov ntsia hlau yuav tsum dhau los ntawm ob qho tib si, thiab qhov kawg ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau khoov thiab tob rau hauv ntoo.
Ib nrab tsob ntoo koom
Txhawm rau ua qhov kev sib txuas ntawm ob qhov ntoo, yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev txawj ntse thiab kev paub dhau los. Nws khiavraws li nram no. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si workpieces, cov qauv yog ua nrog ib tug tob uas sib haum mus rau ib nrab ntawm lawv thickness. Qhov dav ntawm tus qauv yuav tsum sib npaug rau qhov dav ntawm qhov.
Txoj kev koom nrog cov ntoo hauv ib nrab tsob ntoo tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm qhov sib txawv. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias lub kaum sab xis yog tib yam ntawm ob qho tib si ntoo blanks, thiab qhov dav sib haum rau qhov dav ntawm qhov. Vim li no, cov khoom tau nruj nruj rau ib leeg, thiab lawv cov npoo yog nyob rau hauv tib lub dav hlau.
Ntxiv rau, qhov kev sib txuas no tuaj yeem ua tiav lossis ib nrab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib feem kev twb kev txuas, qhov kawg ntawm ib tug workpiece yog txiav ntawm ib tug tej lub kaum sab xis, thiab ib tug tsim nyog qauv yog ua nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lwm yam. Xws li kev sib txuas muaj xws li angular nyob rau hauv lub mustache ntawm ib nrab-ntoo. Cov kab hauv qab yog txiav ob lub spikes ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45o, vim tias cov seam nruab nrab ntawm lawv nyob ntawm diagonally. Thaum siv txoj kev no, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb, thiab ua cov kaum txiav nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - lub thawv miter.
Pile txuas
Hom kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom ntoo no yog siv rau fastening planks lossis thaum pw hauv pem teb. Lub ntug ntawm ib lub rooj tsavxwm muaj qhov dav, thiab ntug ntawm lwm qhov muaj qhov zawj. Raws li txoj cai, fastening tshwm sim thaum lub spike nkag mus rau hauv qhov zawj. Qhov kev sib txuas zoo li no zoo heev, vim tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov laug cam.
Dowels thiab grooves xav tau qee qhov kev paub. Thiab dhau li ntawd, rau kev tsim khoom yuav xav tau lub tshuab tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, nws yooj yim dua los yuav cov khoom npaj ua tiav.
Kev sib txuas "socket-thorn"
Txoj kev siv feem ntau ntawm kev koom nrog cov khoom ntoo. Xws li ib qho kev sib koom ua ke muaj zog, nruj thiab zoo li zoo nkauj li sai tau. Ua kom muaj kev sib txuas zoo li no, koj yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev txawj ntse thiab kev paub dhau los, nrog rau kev ceev faj. Kev sib txuas tsis raug "socket-pos" yog qhov tsis yooj yim thiab zoo li dab tuag.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws yog raws li nram no. Thaum kawg ntawm ib lub workpiece, ib tug zawj yog drilled los yog hollowed tawm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lwm yam, ib tug spike. Nws zoo dua thaum cov ntsiab lus muaj qhov dav tib yam. Yog hais tias lub thickness txawv, ces tus ntsia hlau loj yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias ib feem, thiab cov zawj, feem, nyob rau hauv ib tug tuab.
Stud sib koom ua ke:
- Siv lub ntsuas tuab, kos ob qhov kev pheej hmoo sib npaug rau ib sab ntawm ib qho haujlwm. Qhov kev ncua deb yuav tsum yog qhov dav ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub ntsej muag yav tom ntej. Rau nws qhov sib npaug, kos yuav tsum tau ua ntawm ob sab.
- Cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua spikes yog hacksaw nrog cov hniav nqaim thiab cov hniav zoo, lossis hneev pom. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov hniav ntawm cov cuab yeej yuav tsum dhau los ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov kab kos. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau clamp ib feem hauv lwm qhov. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom lub dav me ntsis loj dua li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Tom qab ntawd, yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov dhau. Tab sis yog tias qhov spike luv luv, tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau rov ua dua.
- Siv chisel los yog chisel, lub zes (groove) yog ua nyob rau hauv thib ob. Lawm, qhov ntev ntawm qhov zawj yuav tsum sib haum mus rau qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntsia hlau loj. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los laum qhov nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig ntawm qhov zawj ua ntej pib nrog chiselling. Cov ntugua tib zoo ua tiav nrog chisel.
Yog tias qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom ntoo yog ua tiav, ces qhov chaw ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov spikes haum snugly tiv thaiv phab ntsa ntawm lub zes. Qhov no muab zoo adhesion thaum gluing. Txhawm rau kom cov spikes nruj dua, lawv qhov ntev yuav tsum yog 0.2-0.3 hli loj dua qhov loj ntawm lub qhov (socket). Yog tias tus nqi no dhau lawm, txoj hlua yuav sib cais, yog tias qhov kam rau ua tsawg dua, qhov fastening yuav poob nws lub zog thaum ua haujlwm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev sib txuas no tseem cuam tshuam nrog gluing thiab fastening nrog screws, ntsia hlau lossis ntoo dowels. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm, qhov yuav tsum tau drilled ua ntej screwing hauv cov screws. Lub taub hau ntawm cov ntsia hlau tau muab zais rau hauv qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub (tsim siv lub countersink). Tus tsav lub qhov yuav tsum sib npaug 2/3 ntawm lub taub hau ntsia hlau thiab tsawg dua 6 hli (kwv yees) ntawm nws qhov ntev.
kub
Gluing ntoo qhov chaw yog ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Cov qhov chaw yuav tsum tau nplaum yog ntxuav nrog ib daim ntaub tsis muaj lint, thiab qhov roughness yog ntxuav nrog nplua emery.
- Siv daim duab los qhia, siv cov nplaum ntoo hauv ib txheej nyias nyias hla txhua qhov chaw tsim nyog.
- Cov chaw smeared nrog cov kua nplaum yuav tsum tau muab txhuam rau ib leeg. Qhov no yuav ua kom muaj kev sib cuag thiab daim ntawv cog lus ruaj khov.
- Txuas yuav tsum tau rub ua ke kom tuav ntawm cov pob qij txha ruaj ntseg. Ntsuas cov kab pheeb ces kaum yuav ua kom cov ces kaum ncaj. Lawv yuav tsum sib npaug. Yog tias qhov no tsis yog, txoj haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau kho.
- Qhov kev sib txuas tau ntxiv dag zog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov drilling qhov uas lawv tau tsavtiav cov ntsia hlau los yog cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau. Lub taub hau ntawm screws yuav tsum tau recessed, rau qhov no lub qhov yuav tsum tau dhuav. Cov ntsia hlau tob tob siv lub punch.
- Qhov nrog rau ntsia hlau yog npog nrog putty rau ntoo. Qhov dhuav rau screws raug kaw nrog hardwood plugs lubricated nrog kua nplaum. Thaum cov kua nplaum los yog putty qhuav, xuab zeb rau saum npoo kom nws du thiab ua kua roj vanish.
Yuav tsum muaj cuab yeej thiab khoom siv
Cov cuab yeej ua tau ntau yam. Lawv raug xaiv nyob ntawm seb hom haujlwm ua haujlwm li cas. Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv carpentry cov txheej txheem yog loj dua nyob rau hauv carpentry, feem, thiab cov cuab yeej yuav tsum haum.
Txuas txuas ntoo siv cov hauv qab no:
- axe;
- planer, ncaj thiab nkhaus plows, dais, sherhebel - kev kho deg ntau dua;
- chisel - slotting qhov thiab qhov (sockets;
- chisel - rau tu txiav;
- drills nrog ntau lub tswv yim - rau ntawm qhov;
- ntau yam saws - rau saws nce thiab nqis;
- -rauj, rauj, sledgehammer, mallet;
- square, compasses, qib thiab lwm yam cuab yeej pabcuam;
- rau tes, hlau staples, bolts nrog ceev, screws thiab lwm yam fasteners.
Zaj lus
Txoj kev sib txuas cov rooj tog ntoolos yog lwm cov qauv tsim, muaj ntau yam ntxiv. Kab lus piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem nrov tshaj plaws thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom ntoo rau tha xim lossis varnishing yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj, thiab tag nrho cov fastenings yuav tsum muaj zog thiab ua kom ntev.
