Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub tsev uas muaj ntau tshaj li ob lub plag tsev yog lub staircase. Kev tsim kho lub Peb Hlis yog suav tias yog qhov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim, yog li feem ntau cov neeg tsim qauv xaiv nws.
Cov qauv ntawm kev ya davhlau ntawm cov ntaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau biomechanics ntawm tib neeg txav thaum nce lossis nqis ntaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem txuag tau qhov chaw siv tau ntawm sab hauv.
Stairway parameters
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas ua rau kev taug kev stairs:
- Chaw ua si thiab laj kab.
- Spans or marches.
- Support part.
Span lossis lub peb hlis ntuj yog hu ua qhov inclined ntawm cov ntaiv nrog cov kauj ruam. Nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm qib lossis hauv pem teb, qhov ncua sij hawm muaj xws li los ntawm peb mus rau kaum tsib kauj ruam.
Nws tsis pom zoo los tsim tus lej me, vim qhov no qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qib tuaj yeem kov yeej yam tsis tas siv tus ntaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nce lub peb hlis ntuj uas suav nrog ntau dua 15 kauj ruam yog qhov yuav ua rau nkees nkees.
Stairs yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plawsmarching, txhua ntu ntawm uas muaj 10-11 kauj ruam. Qhov dav ntawm marches yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 900 hli, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog 1000-1250 mm.
Cov ntaiv nruab nrab huab cua: platforms thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv
Thaum qhov kev npaj tsim kho siab dhau lawm, nws tau muab faib ua ob ntu los ntawm cov platform nruab nrab. Qhov dav ntawm qhov chaw tsis tuaj yeem tsawg dua qhov dav ntawm qhov ntev. Ntau tus tswv nyiam ua kom nws dav me ntsis.
Thaum xam qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw, tus qauv ntev ntawm tib neeg cov kauj ruam yog muab rau hauv tus account. Raws li txoj cai, qhov tob ntawm lub caij no ntawm tus qauv ntaiv yog 640 mm.
Nyob hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov kws tsim khoom siv tes ua yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm cov qauv thiab cov kev cai uas tswj hwm qhov nruab nrab lub dav hlau ntaiv yuav tsum tau tsim thiab nruab. GOST thiab SNiP yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho ntaiv.
Tau kawg, qhov zoo li ntawm cov qauv, cov khoom siv thiab qhov chaw yuav tsum tau sib tham nrog tus tswv ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau lub zog ntawm fasteners thiab railings, lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov ntaiv thiab qhov siab ntawm cov kauj ruam yuav tsum. tau ntsib.
Hom ntawm nruab nrab lub dav hlau ntaiv los ntawm hom fastening rau kev txhawb nqa
Muaj cov qauv ntaiv, cov kauj ruam thiab cov railings uas tau kho ntawm stringers lossis bowstrings.
Bowstrings yog oblique bearing kev txhawb nqa, uas cov davhlau ntawm cov ntaiv txuas nrog rau tag nrho ntev. Cov kauj ruam mus rau bowstrings yog txuas nrog rau qhov kawg. Hom kev tsim no tso cai rau koj los tsim cov ntaiv zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj heev nrog cov ntsiab lus nyuaj.thiab cov txheej txheem tsim tsis yog qauv.
Kosour yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa uas txhawb nqa lub davhlau ntawm cov ntaiv hauv qab no. Cov qauv tsim yuav suav nrog ib lossis ntau tus stringers, thiab lawv tus lej raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov dav ntawm kev taug kev. Hom no yog ib txwm siv thiab siv thaum tsim nyog los tsim ib lub staircase yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha.
Rotary staircases
Ib tug ntaiv uas muaj ib lub davhlau yog hu ua txoj kab ncaj nraim. Qhov no yog hom staircase uas yooj yim tshaj plaws los tsim thiab tsim khoom. Feem ntau nws raug xaiv los ntawm cov tswv tsev ntiag tug uas npaj yuav muab lawv lub tsev rau lawv tus kheej.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas ib nrab-flight staircase tsis tuaj yeem txwv rau ib ntu (yog tias tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam tshaj 15 pcs.), tus qauv rotary yog tsim.
Nws qhov zoo dua yog kev txuag ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm chav tsev, nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev teeb tsa chav dej lossis chav ua noj hauv qab lub spans.
A revolving davhlau staircase ua nws txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thaum ntsia hauv lub ces kaum tsim los ntawm ob phab ntsa uas nyob ib sab.
Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm sab hauv, tus naj npawb ntawm cov spans hauv cov qauv thiab nws tag nrho qhov siab, txoj hlua tig tuaj yeem yog:
- Zoo (360 degrees).
- Ib nrab tig (180 degrees).
- Peb lub hlis twg tig (90 degrees).
Winder kauj ruam: piav qhia, daim ntawv thov, nta
Yuav kom tau qhov zoo tshaj plawstxuag qhov chaw nyob, cov neeg tsim qauv siv cov khoom xws li cov kauj ruam winder. Lawv cov tsos txawv txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem symmetrical rectangular.
Ib sab ntawm kauj ruam winder yog nqaim dua li lwm qhov. Hauv qhov no, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov tob ntawm tread raws ntug nqaim yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 150 mm. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus zoo li no yog siv los kho cov stairs. Tsis tas li, feem ntau, cov kauj ruam winder hloov lub platform ntawm kev sib tw ntawm cov qauv teb. Qhov no tso cai rau siv ntau qhov chaw muaj txiaj ntsig.
Tshaj tawm cov lus tawm tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg siv cov ntaiv winder, peb tuaj yeem kos cov lus xaus hauv qab no:
- Cov ntsiab lus no txuag tau qhov chaw hauv chav (qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov dav ntawm cov stairs kauv tsuas yog 1300 hli).
- Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kauj ruam winder muab cov qauv nthuav dav thiab zoo nkauj.
- nrawm nrawm lossis qhovntsej thiaj tsis tuaj yeem vim lawv cov duab asymmetrical.
- Qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov ntaiv winder tas li ua rau qaug zog sai dua (piv rau kev sib tw ncaj nraim).
Thaum npaj yuav nruab cov ntaiv nrog cov cua ntsawj ntshab, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom cov chav uas siv feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov plag tsev qis.
Khoom siv ua stairs
Hnub no, cov qauv ntaiv yog tsim los ntawm ntau yamKhoom siv:
- Teeb.
- Metal.
- pob zeb.
- pob zeb.
Feem ntau, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob peb ntawm lawv yog siv, piv txwv li, ntoo nrog hlau lossis PVC, pob zeb lossis pob zeb nrog forged inserts, stainless hlau nrog iav.
Nws yog qhov nthuav tias iav tau nce ntxiv rau kev tsim cov ntaiv, cov kauj ruam thiab cov platforms. Nws fits txig rau hauv niaj hnub interiors nyob rau hauv ib tug minimalist style. Tau kawg, tsuas yog siv cov iav tempered thiab ruaj khov yog tsim rau cov hom phiaj no.
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam khoom siv, ntau hom ntoo tseem nyiam. Ntawm no, ob qho tib si cov kauj ruam lawv tus kheej, thiab cov platforms, thiab laj kab yog tsim. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv ntoo staircase yog qhov yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nws cov ntsiab lus. Ntoo yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau raws sij hawm, coated nrog tshwj xeeb impregnations thiab varnishes.
laj kab rau nruab nrab lub dav hlau ntaiv
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov qauv ntaiv, cov neeg tsim khoom tau them nyiaj ntau ntxiv rau cov laj kab ntawm cov spans thiab platforms. GOST teev qhov tsawg kawg nkaus railing qhov siab ntawm 900 mm. Qhov kev ntsuas no tau nce ntxiv rau cov laj kab tsim hauv cov tsev pej xeem, tsev kawm ntawv thiab kho mob.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov railings thiab cov tes tuav tau ua tiav los ntawm lawv qhov kev sim ua kom ntev. Cov qauv hais tias railings yuav tsum tiv taus kab rov tav load yam tsawg 30 kg/cm3. Rau cov vaj tse pej xeem, qhov ntsuas tau nce mus txog 100 kg / cm3.
Qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws yog taug kev stairs, platforms thiabsteel railings. Vuam feem ntau yog siv rau lawv qhov kev teeb tsa, tab sis qee cov qauv tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke.
laj kab kev nyab xeeb
Thaum tsim ib qhov project staircase rau ib lub tsev nyob, cov neeg tsim qauv siv rau hauv tus account qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov menyuam nyob hauv thaj chaw. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb, vim nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim rau cov me nyuam raug mob nce toj balusters thiab railings.
Yog li ntawd, cov kev cai teev qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov sib nrug ntawm cov balusters - 100 hli. Nws tseem raug txwv tsis pub siv cov kab inclined lossis kab rov tav.
