Hnub no, muaj ntau tus neeg npau suav xav nyob hauv lawv lub tsev zoo nkauj thiab xis nyob. Yog tias koj tab tom tsim ib lub tsev ntiav ntau-storey, ces cov ntaiv tsuas yog tsim nyog txav ntawm cov plag tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, dab tsi yuav tsum yog qhov dav ntawm cov ntaiv, qhov ntev ntawm cov kauj ruam thiab qhov siab ntawm lub laj kab? Tag nrho cov no yuav tau tham ntxiv.
Ntau yam
Tsis muaj cov cai meej uas yuav tsum tau coj los ua tus qauv tsim, vim tias txhua rooj plaub tsis sib xws. Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tsev, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv yooj yim, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov ntaiv koj xav tau.
Muaj qee qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov qauv raws li ntau yam, uas qhov dav tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov ntaiv kuj nyob ntawm. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, raws li lawv lub hom phiaj, yog conventionally muab faib ua:
- neeg ua haujlwm;
- interfloor;
- input;
- checkpoints.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaiv tuaj yeem nyob sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm qhov chaw, thiab tseem muaj qhov ncaj lossis tig. Ledges ntawm qhov tsim thiab zoo li cas xaiv,nyob ntawm koj qhov kev nyiam thiab kev teeb tsa nkaus xwb.
Tsim nta
Txhua lub staircase, tsis hais qhov zoo li cas, qhov loj thiab qhov chaw, muaj ntau yam qauv tsim:
- Kauj Ruam - kab rov tav ntawm kauj ruam, cov duab thiab qhov ntev ntawm qhov uas nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim ntawm cov ntaiv.
- Riser - ntsug saum npoo ntawm kauj ruam, uas yog xaiv tau thiab tej zaum yuav ploj mus hauv qee qhov ntaiv.
- Balusters - ntsug racks uas txuas nrog. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev vim lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev ruaj ntseg.
Sizes
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub staircase koj tus kheej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum xam qhov tseeb qhov ntev rau nws, vim tias nws cuam tshuam rau qhov yooj yim thiab kev nyab xeeb thaum tsiv ntawm cov plag tsev. Qhov dav ntawm cov ntaiv nyob ntawm ntau yam, uas yuav tau tham tom qab.
Kev nyab xeeb
Txhua qhov nce toj yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, yog li thaum xam qhov siab thiab qhov dav ntawm cov ntaiv, ntau yam yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam yaus, cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg tsis taus nrog koj nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev cai tseem ceeb uas tau hais los ntawm cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, vim thaum muaj hluav taws kub, txhua tus neeg nyob hauv tsev yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tawm ntawm nws mus kom nyab xeeb.
Thaum txhim kho lub laj kab, balusters yuav tsum nyob deb ntawm tsis pub tshaj 15 centimeters ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no yuav txaustxaus los tiv thaiv ib tug neeg los ntawm kev poob ntawm lub thib ob pem teb nyob rau hauv rooj plaub, piv txwv li, nws stumbles los yog plam. Thiab yog tias koj muaj me nyuam me, ces qhov sib txawv no yuav tsum me me kom tus me nyuam tsis tuaj yeem lo nws lub taub hau ntawm lub balusters thiab tau daig.
Yog tias koj txaus siab rau lo lus nug ntawm qhov yuav tsum yog qhov dav ntawm tus ntaiv mus rau hauv pem teb thib ob, nws raug nquahu kom koj paub koj tus kheej nrog cov cai thiab cov qauv uas tau piav qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho. Nws muaj ntau lub tswv yim thiab tricks. Nrog rau kev ua raws li lawv, koj yuav tsis tau tsuas yog muaj qhov pom dav dav ntawm cov ntaiv hauv tsev mus rau hauv pem teb thib ob, tab sis kuj muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab siv tau yooj yim.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau qhov loj ntawm cov ntaiv hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug
Hnub no, muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog txheej txheem uas teev cov kev cai yooj yim rau kev tsim cov ntaiv hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug. Txawm hais tias lawv qhov kev coj ua tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, nws tseem yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog qee lub tswv yim txog lawv. Hauv qab no yog cov kev cai dav dav.
Stair Width Requirements
Qhov dav tsawg kawg ntawm cov ntaiv hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug yog 90 centimeters. Cov qauv nqaim tsis pom zoo, txij li thaum muaj kev khiav tawm thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, kev raug mob yuav tshwm sim. Tib yam siv rau theem ntawm inclination ntawm cov ntaiv, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj lub kaum sab xis ntawm 40 degrees. Ua kom txoj kab nqes nce siab heev ua rau muaj kev poob.
zoo kauj ruam dav
Qhov dav ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm cov ntaiv yuav tsum yog tib yam, yog li thaum tsiv tsis muaj teeb thaum hmo ntuj, koj tsis tuaj yeem ntog thiab poob. Qhov ntsuas pom zoo yog los ntawm 21 mus rau 35 centimeters, thiab qhov siab yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 12 mus rau 20 cm. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam hauv ib lub Peb Hlis kuj tseem ceeb heev. Qhov ntau ntawm lawv, qhov ntau dua qhov yuav raug mob thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Tus naj npawb zoo ntawm cov kauj ruam hauv ib lub Peb Hlis, yog pom pom cov kauj ruam dav dav pom, yog kaum ob.
Yuav tsum muaj rau lub platform thiab laj kab
Txhawm rau kom cov qauv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab xis nyob, qhov ntev ntawm qhov tsaws ntawm cov ntaiv yuav tsum sib haum rau qhov ntev ntawm nws qhov ntev. Cov platforms yuav tsum tsis txhob tiv thaiv kev khiav tawm sai ntawm lub tsev thib ob thaum muaj hluav taws kub. Qhov siab ntawm lub laj kab yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 90 centimeters, thiab cov railing yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa qhov hnyav ntawm 100 kilograms.
Yooj yim siv
Qhov dav ntawm cov ntaiv mus rau hauv pem teb thib ob cuam tshuam tsis yog kev nyab xeeb nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov yooj yim ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, uas tseem ceeb heev. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej erect ib tug qauv, yuav tsum tau muab xam. Cov ntaiv dav npaum li cas yuav ua kom yooj yim txav ntawm cov plag tsev?
Qhov dav ntawm qhov spans thiab platforms yuav tsum yog li ob tus neeg ntawm nruab nrab tsim tuaj yeem txav mus los. Yog tias peb tham txog cov lej, tom qab ntawd rau lub tsev ntiag tug dav ntawm 130 centimeters yuav txaus. Yog lub tsev nyob me metus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg, tom qab ntawd qhov dav ntawm cov ntaiv uas txwv qhov chaw dawb hauv lub tsev lossis cov qauv tsim tuaj yeem raug txo mus rau 90 centimeters, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib tus neeg tuaj yeem txav mus raws nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem txav rooj tog lossis lwm yam khoom loj.
Raws li lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination, qhov nyab xeeb tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau ergonomic ntaiv yog cov inclination ntawm 30 txog 40 degrees. Rau kev yooj yim txav ntawm chav tsev loj thiab lub qab nthab, lub staircase nrog txoj kab nqes mus txog 70 degrees yog qhov tsim nyog. Qhov no yuav txaus nce mus rau hauv qab nthab, thiab yuav txuag chaw dawb.
Thaum txhim tsa cov ntaiv, nws raug nquahu kom ua lub platform, qhov dav ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov spans. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov ntev ntawm cov spans yog xam raws li ob peb tsis, lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav yog lub kaum sab xis thiab cov duab ntawm cov ntaiv. Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem suav tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm koj tus kheej, ces qhov no nws yog qhov zoo dua los nrhiav cov qauv tsim staircase los yog nrhiav kev pab los ntawm tus kws tsim khoom nrog kev paub thiab kev paub tsim nyog.
Cov kauj ruam qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog xam raws li koj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab qhov siab. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev txav mus los ntawm cov ntaiv yog cov kauj ruam, uas qhov dav thiab qhov siab tau xaiv nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev los muab cov kauj ruam yooj yim ntawm kev taug kev ib txwm muaj. Tus neeg laus nruab nrab muaj qhov ntev ntev ntawm kwv yees li 62 centimeters. Yog li, raws li cov lus pom zoo tau piav qhia saum toj no, nrog rau qhov davcov kauj ruam ntawm 30 centimeters, lawv qhov siab yuav tsum yog li 16 centimeters.
Ob peb lo lus hais txog kev khiav tawm hluav taws
Tsuas yog, peb txhua tus tau pom hauv TV, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab txawv teb chaws, kev khiav tawm hluav taws uas tsim los ntawm sab nraud ntawm chav tsev thiab tsim los rau kev khiav tawm thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev los ntawm chav tsev lossis tsev thaum muaj hluav taws kub lossis ib qho lwm yam xwm txheej yuav raug kev txom nyem. Yog tias koj xav tsim cov qauv zoo li no hauv koj lub tsev, ces koj yuav tsum xav txog qee yam ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv.
Raws li lawv cov qauv tsim, lawv yuav luag zoo ib yam rau cov ntaiv classic, tab sis lawv nqaim ntau dua, yog li tsuas yog ib tus neeg tuaj yeem txav mus raws lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ntev ntawm kev khiav tawm hluav taws yuav tsum raug xam tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua raws li tag nrho cov cai, cov lus pom zoo thiab cov cai ntawm SNiP. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej pib tsim qauv, koj yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab ntawm hom thiab cov duab ntawm cov ntaiv, nrog rau txoj kev kho lawv ntawm lub façade ntawm lub tsev.
cov lus qhia dav dav thiab ua kom yuam kev
Thaum tsim ib lub staircase hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xam qhov tseeb qhov ntev rau nws. Nws yog txwv tsis pub coj tus lej tawm ntawm koj lub taub hau. Thaum tsim thiab kos duab kos duab ntawm lub staircase yav tom ntej, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum xav txog:
- chaw;
- ceiling qhov siab;
- chav nta;
- hom thiab cov qauv ntawm cov ntaiv koj xav tsim;
- hom tsev thiab cov khoom tiav;
- tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv, lawv lub hnub nyoog, lub peev xwm ntawm lub cev thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev.
Tsuas yog tom qab koj coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov kev txwv no, nws yuav muaj peev xwm pib xam qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaiv. Tsuas yog ua tib zoo xav txog txhua yam, koj yuav tau txais kev txhim khu kev qha, kev nyab xeeb thiab yooj yim tsim. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sim thiab sim tsim ib yam dab tsi tshiab, txij li txawm tias qhov yuam kev me me ua thaum tsim thiab tsim kho tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog thaum tsim lub staircase nrog koj tus kheej tes, xav txog yuav ua li cas, thaum kawg, txhua tus neeg nyob hauv yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab xis nyob.
