Kev txuas lub tsev, chaw thauj mus los lossis cov qauv tsim hluav taws xob rau lub zog hluav taws xob suav nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm hluav taws xob. Lawv daim ntawv teev npe thiab kev ua tiav tsis yog nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tab sis yuav luag txhua zaus peb tab tom tham txog ntau theem kev ua haujlwm uas suav nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj cov qauv kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob, uas tsis yog tsuas yog cov cai rau kev daws teeb meem, tab sis kuj yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Electrical Basics
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob installation yog muab cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob. Los ntawm cov channel ntawm lub zog nqa khoom, tam sim no xa mus rau qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov kev txais tos nrog kev siv ntxiv rau nws lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau txhua theem ntawm kev txav ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm qhov chaw nres tshebnws txoj kev loj hlob rau cov neeg siv khoom ncaj qha tuaj yeem nqa tawm qee yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm hom no. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Technology ntawm hluav taws xob ua hauj lwm" los ntawm V. M. Nesterenko, ib tug dav kev pab them nqi ntawm infrastructure ntawm kis tau tus mob tes hauj lwm yog npaj, coj mus rau hauv tus account kev tsim kho ntawm substations thiab high-voltage tes hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev nyiam tshaj plaws, kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm uas tau ua nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag hluav taws xob - chav tsev / tsev. Qhov Circuit Court no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, ua haujlwm ntau tshaj plaws rau kev tso hluav taws xob thaiv, txhim kho cov qhov (socket), cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv, thiab lwm yam.
Nrog rau qhov dav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xav txog cov dej num uas tau siv rau ntawm cov kab hauv nruab nrab qaum nrog cov transformers, lub zog hloov dua siab tshiab thiab faib chav tsev. Nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm rau kev sib txuas lus, kev teeb tsa substations thiab muab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tau koom ua ke los ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj hwm, txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov dej num tau ua muaj nws tus kheej nuances ntawm kev ua tiav. txoj cai. Yog li, kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim ua haujlwm nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab kev tsim kho lub hauv paus rau kev ua haujlwm blocks. Hauv qhov sib piv, kev teeb tsa lub teeb pom kev yooj yim tshaj plaws tsuas yog siv ob peb feeb xwb thiab cov txuj ci yooj yim hauv kev tuav cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob.
General wiring technology
Txawm li cas los xij ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa tau ua tiav thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev teeb tsa, kev ua haujlwm yog ua los ntawmnpaj tsim kev daws teeb meem. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm me, ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam siv lub tswv yim, kev qhia lossis cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm hauv nws txoj haujlwm, uas tso cai rau nws kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Kev xaiv cov cuab yeej siv rau kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob kuj tau txiav txim siab hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib qhov project. Raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam muaj peev xwm, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev nyab xeeb, tus thawj engineer txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev tsim nyog tshaj plaws los daws qhov teeb meem nrog qhov tsis zoo. Nyob rau theem no, tshwj xeeb, cov lus nug txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso cov cable, cov cuab yeej siv, cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem daws tau.
Qhov kev ua haujlwm yog ncaj qha ntsig txog kev teeb tsa thiab, dhau los, muab faib ua ob theem. Thaum xub thawj, thev naus laus zis rau kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob suav nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov fasteners thiab cov khoom siv thauj khoom, uas nyob rau hauv txoj cai tso cai rau kev daws teeb meem. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm loj-scale hwj chim systems, theem no yuav qhia nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus thiab installation ntawm ib tug ncej rau lub technical chav. Thaum txhim kho lub switchboard nyob rau tib theem, cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa yuav fastened rau ntawm phab ntsa, thiab lub installation ntawm lub qhov (socket) yuav tsum tau screwing lub fixing pab kiag li lawm rau hauv lub niche npaj.
theem thib ob ntawm kev teeb tsa raug txo qis rau qhov kev teeb tsa ncaj qha / tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv siv rau ntawm ntu tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv, nrog rau kev sib txuas. Ntxiv dua thiab, qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov kauj ruam no yuav nyob ntawmtsim technology ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Hluav taws xob ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv relation to transformer substations, piv txwv li, yog npaj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sau cov blocks ua hauj lwm ntawm lub hwj chim system nrog rau cov khoom siv. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa thiab kev sib txuas, cov tuam ntxhab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau ntev tau tsim cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau kev sib xyaw cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau lub hom phiaj sib xws hauv cov qauv hnyav. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov hlwb thiab cov ntu rau cov khoom siv nkag, cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv hloov pauv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub converter unit, kev tiv thaiv relay, thiab lwm yam. Kom paub meej kev sib txuas yooj yim, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom sib cais, cov blocks thiab lwm yam khoom siv, uas muab cov cuab yeej sib txuas rau kev kho. thiab txuas xov tooj.
Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob & khoom siv
Muaj ntau pab pawg ntawm kev txhais tau tias siv rau hauv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thiab lawv cov khoom siv. Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv uas yuav siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa, dua, raug txiav txim siab los ntawm kev txiav txim siab tsim. Cov cuab yeej siv thoob ntiaj teb uas kev siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Keys rau kev txhim kho cov khoom hluav taws xob.
- Npaj thiab nyias qhov ntswg pliers.
- Pliers.
- Strippers thiab lwm yam cable strippers.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws.
- nias tongs.
- Electrical tweezers.
Kuj locksmith-electrician ua hauj lwm nrog cov cuab yeej siv rau kev ntsuas cov ntsuas hauv network. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog multimeters thiab testers, nrog rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb xws li voltmeters thiab ammeters.
Raws li cov khoom siv, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm, nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm txoj haujlwm, yuav suav nrog kev siv cov khoom siv hauv qab no:
- DIN rails.
- Insulating daim kab xev.
- xov tooj cua thiab lub thawv.
- Insulation.
- Clamps thiab terminals.
- hlau hose.
- Kev faib khoom siv.
- Brackets thiab hluav taws xob masts.
- PVC kav thiab hlau tiv thaiv profiles.
- Tab thiab hla mus rau kev tso cable.
Kev txhim kho hluav taws xob substations
Ib qho ntawm thawj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev thauj hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov chaw tam sim no (NPP, TPP, HPP, thiab lwm yam) yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nrog nws cov kev npaj, kev tsim kho thiab kev teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm tau ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Npaj lub xaib rau kev ua haujlwm.
- Kev thauj mus los ntawm lub tsev thiab khoom siv.
- Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb nrog cov qauv rau kev teeb tsa.
- Kev txhim kho thiab txuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Kev ua haujlwm.
Ncaj nraim, thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tau ua tiav txij li lub sijhawm kev tsim kho ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb thiab nws cov kev kho dua tshiab tiav. Ntxiv muslub installation ntawm nodes nrog voltage winding ua, kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuab tsis siv neeg thiab switchgears pib. Thaum lub sij hawm installation, hu rau busbars, compression daim hlau nrog plugs thiab lwm yam hluav taws xob fittings yog siv, vim hais tias cov infrastructure ntawm transformer yog tsim.
Technologies rau mounting overhead fais fab kab
Los ntawm substation mus rau lwm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob rau kev faib, hloov pauv lossis xa ncaj qha ntawm cov neeg siv khoom yog cov kab hluav taws xob. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev teeb tsa, ib qho kev txhawb nqa tus kheej insulated hlau yog siv, uas yog rub dhau ib qho kev ncua deb. Kev ua haujlwm theem ntawm kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm hom no tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li hauv qab no:
- Kho cov ntaub qhwv daim kab xev ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Xws li tapes yog tsim nyog los tuav lub fastening hooks. Lawv tau dhau los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb hauv cov hooks, tom qab ntawd lawv rub thiab kho nrog braces.
- Yuav tawm cov hlau. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, cov menyuam tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau npaj rau ntawm cov hooks tau hais los saum no kom dhau lub cable. Cov xov hlau yog coj los ntawm ib lub nruas tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov yob ntawm ib tus ncej mus rau lwm qhov. Qhov kawg ntawm cov xov hlau txuas nrog tuav-txiav thiab raug tswj los ntawm traction cables.
- Tightening hlau. Raws li kev tswj hwm, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ncej yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 50 m. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov kab tsis sag. Hauv cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no rau kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob, kom pom kev nruj ntawm txoj kab hluav taws xob, lawv sivua ke ntawm tes winch thiab carabiner. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cim qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv zog yog tswj tau siv lub dynamometer.
Ntiaj teb ua ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, qhov chaw liab qab tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Hauv txoj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, siv txoj hauv kev hauv av hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias ib feem ntawm lub hwj chim system uas energized yog txuas nrog rau hauv av, yog li txo lub peev xwm ntawm tam sim no tsis kam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lwm yam khoom. Nyob rau hauv tib phau ntawv "Technology ntawm hluav taws xob ua hauj lwm" los ntawm Nesterenko V. M., nws yog npaj los txiav txim siab grounding pab kiag li lawm tsis yog raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib rau ib tug tshwj xeeb Circuit Court los yog cov khoom nto, tab sis raws li ib tug general kev daws teeb meem rau kev sib txuas tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub hwj chim daim phiaj mus rau hauv av. nto. Nws txhais li cas? Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hlau yog ua tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm ib qho khoom siv hlau lossis hlau, tab sis los ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yav dhau los suav hauv qhov project, uas muaj kev sib txuas rau hauv av. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no muaj ob yam txuj ci:
- Technically tsim los ntawm cov electrodes tshwj xeeb uas ua rau kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm av.
- Los ntawm ib sab ntawm kev sib txuas mus rau lub hom phiaj cov cuab yeej lossis ntu kev sib txuas, nws xav tias tsis yog ib qho kev tawm tswv yim, tab sis ib pawg ntawm cov modules lossis ib qho thaiv, ib feem ntawm cov grooves txuas uas ib txwm pub dawb. Uas yog, yog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los grounded ib tug tshiab Circuit Court los yogkhoom siv, nws yog txaus los kos ib kab los ntawm nws mus rau pab pawg neeg qhia. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm PE tsheb npav tus qauv rau kev tiv thaiv thaiv.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag hluav taws xob thiab nws cov khoom siv
Hluav taws xob vaj huam sib luag lossis txee ua haujlwm ntawm kev faib khoom thiab txais hluav taws xob los muab cov neeg siv khoom kawg. Thaum pib, daim duab kab hluav taws xob tau npaj thiab qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txhim kho qhov tsim no tau txiav txim siab. Nyob ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag hluav taws xob, qee qhov kev xav tau rau kev tiv thaiv sab nraud yuav raug yuam rau nws lub cev. Piv txwv li, cov qauv hauv tsev muaj chav kawm tiv thaiv IP65, uas tso cai rau lawv ua haujlwm ruaj khov txawm tias nyob hauv cov av noo siab.
Mounting yog ua los ntawm kev tuav thiab thauj tog rau nkoj mus rau phab ntsa. Ntawd yog, qhov tau npaj ua ntej rau hinged fastening ntawm cov qauv thaum tswj qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg thib peb cable nkag. Raws li rau kev sau sab hauv, cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub ntawm kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob yog coj los ntawm tus neeg sib dhos ntawm lub zog faib hluav taws xob ntawm daim ntaub thaiv npog. Hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb, RCD cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab cov difautomats tau teeb tsa rau cov ntsuas tshwj xeeb, uas tau txiav txim siab hauv cov qauv tsim. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke modular automation, contactors thiab tiv thaiv relays. Ntau qhov kev teeb tsa niaj hnub no tseem muab kev ua haujlwm ntxiv nrog cov ntsuas ntsuas thiab ntsuas lub teeb.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm cov xaim, hloov pauv thiab qhov (sockets)
Los ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag hluav taws xob mus rau hauv tsev lossis chav tsevcov kab hluav taws xob hauv zos rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau raug tso. Kev tshaj tawm yog muab tso rau raws li txoj kev npaj yav dhau los hauv ib qho kev qhib lossis zais. Hauv thawj kis, kev teeb tsa thiab kev sib dhos ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob kuj yuav tsum tau ua, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob, phab ntsa chasing nrog tsim cov channel rau nteg cov kab ntawm qhov tob ntawm 2-3 cm. Cov pob qij txha, kev sib hloov thiab kev sib txuas yog tsim tawm. mounting thawv nrog contactors thiab ib tug DIN rail.
Tom qab ua tiav ntawm cov cabling ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, cov qhov hluav taws xob nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum nyob twj ywm. Lawv nruab qhov (sockets), keyboards thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Hauv qhov no, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau teeb tsa lub thawv sib txuas. Nws yog muab rau thaum npaj ib qho hluav taws xob tshiab. Qhov no yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas yuav pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm kev sib txuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab. Lub hlws ris lub thawv yog ua los ntawm yas thiab yog mounted nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim cable tso zis unit. Nws cov khoom ntim sab hauv muaj cov ntaub ntawv me me thiab cov khoom xa tawm rau kev sib txuas rau cov xov hlau chais ua rau cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo, cov keyboards thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab kev siv hluav taws xob.
Technology ntawm hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm nkoj
Raws li qhov xwm txheej nrog lub zog ntawm cov tsev, cov tsev thiab cov qauv tsim vaj tsev, ib qhov project rau kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob tau tsim ua ntej rau lub nkoj. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv qhov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Ntawm tag nrho txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tso cov kab hluav taws xob,Kev tso ntawm cov hlau, nws txiav, txiav thiab kuaj nrog kev kuaj xyuas cov rwb thaiv tsev tom qab kev teeb tsa.
- Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug teeb tsa ntawm cov ntsiab lus siv ncaj qha.
- Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog bayed thiab khi nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub qhov hauv qab. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog cov xaim thaub qab, uas yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg siab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thaum tsis ua haujlwm.
- Nyob rau theem kawg, kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tau ua nrog kev ntsuas ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob thiab kev sim cov cuab yeej.
Hnub no, ntau dua thiab ntau zaus, cov cuab yeej sib txuas tau siv los ua haujlwm hluav taws xob ntawm cov nkoj, raws li lub koom haum sab nraud thiab sab hauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tau ua tiav ib txhij. Txoj kev no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nyob rau hauv lub block layout ntawm ships. Nws tso cai rau koj los txhim kho cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev teeb tsa, tab sis nws kuj muaj nws qhov tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, thaum siv cov qauv no, yuav tsum muaj kev suav nruj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, vim lawv tuaj yeem siv ib txhij hauv ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj teeb meem kev koom tes nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov xaim thiab cov khoom sib txuas hauv ob peb chav nyob ib zaug.
Zaj lus
Kev teeb tsa lub tshuab hluav taws xob xws li, txawm tias muaj kev ua haujlwm me me, yog qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov txheej txheem ntawm lub zog mov nws tus kheej muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Txawm tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv nkoj ua haujlwm hauvtxwv qhov chaw tsawg kawg yog muaj kev ua yeeb yam nrog kev tso cable. Thiab qhov no tsuas yog siv rau lub koom haum ncaj qha ntawm cov neeg siv khoom noj khoom haus infrastructure. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev soj ntsuam tas li ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev sib txuas, lub xeev ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua. Thiab tag nrho cov no tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev vam khom ntawm cov tsim infrastructure ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm hluav taws xob.
