Thaum kho lossis thaum lub sijhawm muaj tswv yim, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov xim pleev xim rau ntawm khaub ncaws. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem tso cov stains ntawm koj cov khaub ncaws hauv cov chaw pej xeem los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm lub qhov rooj, phab ntsa lossis lub rooj zaum. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, yog hais tias ib qho tshiab tau hloov mus ua qias neeg, uas yog tag nrho ntawm txoj kev npaj kom tshem tawm. Tib txoj kev uas sab laug los kho nws yog tshem tawm cov stain. Kab lus no yuav pab teb cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas tshem tawm cov xim stains ntawm khaub ncaws.
Ntau yam xim stains
txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb yuav tshem tawm cov xim stains ntawm khaub ncaws li cas, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab lawv qhov xwm txheej thiab cov khoom siv uas cov stain "tsau". Kev kuaj pom tsis zoo ntawm cov av yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo los tshem tawm thiab ua rau cov khaub ncaws puas.
Yog li, xav txog hom xim, cov stains uas tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm:
- watercolor;
- acrylic;
- latex;
- aniline;
- silicate;
- alkyd enamel;
- roj pleev xim.
Stains los ntawm cov xim dej, xim dej thiab gouache
Cov stains no yuav yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los tshem tawm, vim tias lawv tsis muaj dej tsis zoo thiab zoo kawg nkausyaj. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov stains, nws yog qhov txaus los yaug nws hauv qab lub siab ntawm dej txias los yog tsau nws li 30 feeb nrog ntxiv cov hmoov ntxhua. Tsuas yog ntxuav tej yam huv si xwb.
Acrylic thiab latex xim stains
Koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm ob qho tib si acrylic thiab latex stains ntawm khaub ncaws tib yam. Ua ntej, thaj chaw muaj kab mob raug ntxuav hauv dej txias hauv qab lub zog siab.
Tom qab ntxuav cov hmoov yog txhuam rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm nrog txhuam hniav. Tom ntej no, qhov chaw kho mob yog ntxuav hauv dej kub. Hauv qab no yog daim duab ntawm cov xim latex.
Yog tias cov xim pleev xim rau ntawm cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav, ces koj yuav tsum ua txawv. Cov xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws yog siv rau qhov stain thiab wiped nrog denatured cawv nrog ib daim txhuam cev. Cawv yuav tsum tau preheated nrog dej vapor. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau rov ua dua kom txog thaum cov stains ploj tag. Thaum kawg, cov seem raug tshem tawm nrog cov paj rwb ntub dej, qhov chaw yog so nrog daim ntaub so ntswg thiab sprinkled nrog talc.
Thaum cov ntaub so ntswg, koj tuaj yeem ua ntej siv xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws, tab sis tom qab ob peb feeb cov ntaub muab tso rau hauv dej kub heev. Tom qab ob peb txheej txheem, stain yuav yaj tag. Thaum kawg, nws tsim nyog ua lub voj voog ntxuav ib txwm.
Aniline dye stain
Vim nws nyuaj heev kom tshem tawm cov stains los ntawm cov xim no los ntawm cov khaub ncaws, koj yuav tau npaj 10% tov.poov tshuaj permanganate. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, 1 g ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate yog yaj hauv 100 ml ntawm dej sov. Dilute cov manganese ua tib zoo kom tsis muaj cov muaju sab laug uas tuaj yeem tawm cov cim ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau dilute 2 g ntawm oxalic acid nyob rau hauv 100 ml ntawm dej sov. Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov stain, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa phem.
Ua ntej, cov stain yog ntub nrog cawv, tom qab ntawd siv cov tshuaj poov tshuaj permanganate, thiab thaum kawg - kev daws ntawm oxalic acid. Cov stain raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxuav nws.
Silicate xim stain
Cov xim no ntshai cov kua qaub. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav ntev ntev yuav ua li cas tshem tawm cov xim ntawm silicate xim los ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog muab txhuam txhuam txhuam hauv vinegar, so cov stain thiab ntxuav nrog xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws.
Stains los ntawm alkyd enamel thiab roj pleev xim
Cov xim zoo li no, zoo li cov roj stains, tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm cov khaub ncaws nyuaj. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj tshwj xeeb kom tshem tau ntawm lawv ntawm knitted thiab fleecy fabrics. Nrog cov khoom tawv tawv lossis tawv tawv, cov xim no tshem tawm yooj yim dua. Tab sis qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog cov roj pleev xim stains yog txuam nrog ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv cov kuab tshuaj, yam uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Ua hauj lwm nrog cov khoom yuav tsum yog ntawm paj rwb ntaub. Koj yuav tsum pib los ntawm kev kho cov stain nrog ib daim ntaub mos dipped hauv hnyav. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg dua nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj, xws li tus ntsuj plig dawb, tus ntsia thawv polish tshem tawm. Cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem hloov nrog acetone. Thaum wiped, cov xim yuav nyob twj ywm rau ntawm daim ntaub, yog li raug xa mus los ntawmkhaub ncaws. Cov txheej txheem no rov ua dua kom txog thaum cov xim tsis noj ntawm daim ntaub. So maj mam thiab siv zog, tsis tas rub cov xim rau hauv khaub ncaws ntau dua. Koj yuav tsum tau sim siv cov kuab tshuaj tsawg dua. Tom qab ua tiav txoj haujlwm, thaj chaw kho mob yuav tsum tau ntxuav.
Cov roj pleev xim rau ntawm cov khaub ncaws woolen yog so tawm nrog paj rwb swab dipped hauv cov roj zaub. Cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam kuj tau so kom txog thaum cov xim tseem nyob ntawm lub swab.
Tseem sib tov ntawm kerosene lossis turpentine nrog ci dej qab zib, nrog rau acetone thiab roj av, suav tias yog qee yam uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov xim pleev xim lossis alkyd enamel ntawm khaub ncaws. Cov stains raug so nrog txhua yam khoom sib cais, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov chaw ntxuav yog ntxuav nrog xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws.
Ib stain ntawm nylon lossis nylon yog kho los ntawm sab hauv tawm nrog ammonia, tom qab ntawd ntxuav hauv dej ntsev.
Tab sis ua ntej siv cov tshuaj aggressively ntawm khaub ncaws, koj yuav tsum sim lawv cov nyhuv ntawm thaj chaw tsis pom kev.
Old oil xim stains
Tsis muaj qhov lav ntawm no, tab sis koj yuav tsum sim cov hauv qab no kom tshem tawm cov stains:
- Thaum pib, cov stain yuav tsum tau softened los ntawm grease nrog butter los yog margarine. Tom ntej no, cov stains yog wiped nrog roj av (krosene siv tau) thiab ntxuav nrog detergent, ua raws li los ntawm rinsing.
- Koj tuaj yeem sim sib xyaw cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv.
- Diluted nyob rau hauv sib npaug proportionsroj av, turpentine thiab cawv. Cov stain yog soaked nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj no rau ib nrab ib teev. Yog tias cov stain tsis tau yaj tag, cov seem tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm nrog rab riam yas los yog ib sab ntawm rab riam tsis tu ncua. Thaum kawg, cov khoom raug ntxuav hauv dej soapy.
Yuav ua li cas kom cov xim stains tawm ntawm cov khaub ncaws dawb
Vim tias dawb yog qhov yooj yim heev, txhua qhov "qhov tsis zoo" (xws li scuffs lossis me ntsis hloov xim) ntawm kev tshem tawm cov stain yuav pom. Yog, thiab nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov stain, thiab ntawm cov dawb, nws cov seem yuav pom tau li sai tau. Muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xim no, qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws yog mus rau lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, txawm hais tias txawm tias muaj koj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais kev lees paub ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws stain tshem tawm.
Yog tias nws tseem nyiam tshem cov stain koj tus kheej, ces koj yuav tsum tau do cov av nplaum dawb thiab cov roj av ua kom zoo (aviation) mus rau lub xeev pasty. Cov slurry no yog siv rau hauv ib txheej tuab mus rau qhov chaw paug rau 3-4 teev thiab ntxuav nrog txhuam. Cov kauj ruam thib ob ntawm kev tshem tawm yuav ntxuav nrog stain remover.
Nuances thaum tshem tawm stains
- Nws yooj yim dua los tshem tawm cov xim tshiab. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los pib tshem cov stain tam sim lossis sai li sai tau.
- Kev siv cov kuab tshuaj ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau khaub ncaws. Nws tsim nyog sim nws ntawm qhov chaw tsis pom kev ntawm cov khaub ncaws ua ntej pib kho cov stain.
- Yuav kom tsis txhob streaks, stains yuav tsum tau kho los ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov khoom mus rau nws nruab nrab.
- Yog siv roj av los tshem cov stain, ces koj yuav tsum tau yuav hauvtshwj xeeb cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev muag khoom. Tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum tau siv roj av los ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb roj, vim nws muaj ntau cov impurities uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo nyob rau ntawm cov khaub ncaws.
- Dyed ntaub yog rhiab heev rau hnyav. Nws siv yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb rau cov khaub ncaws zoo li no. Feem ntau, cov stains tseem nyob ntawm nws, uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm vim qhov poob ntawm cov xim los ntawm cov khoom hauv qhov chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj.
- Tsis txhob maj siv cov baking soda thaum tshem cov stains los ntawm cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tshem tawm cov xim stains ntawm cov khaub ncaws, txawm tias qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws. Tab sis txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los ua kom koj cov khaub ncaws huv yog ceev faj hauv cov chaw pej xeem, thiab siv kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thaum ua hauj lwm nrog cov xim.
