Cov kua nplaum yog cov khoom sib xyaw lossis cov khoom siv, nrog rau ntau yam sib xyaw ua ke, ua los ntawm ob qho tib si inorganic thiab organic tshuaj uas nrov niaj hnub no. Nws muaj peev xwm txuas tau ntau yam ntaub ntawv: ntawv, ntaub, tawv, ntoo, ceramics, iav, roj hmab, hlau, yas. Bonding yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov nplaum (muaj zog heev) kev sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau koom nrog thiab cov nplaum txheej. Lub zog ntawm cov nplaum nplaum kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov nplaum nplaum. Raws li hom kev sib txuas, cov nplaum tau muab faib ua kom qhuav, tsis qhuav adhesives thiab binders, uas yog raws li polymerizable compositions.
Xav txog hom ziab (nws cov yam ntxwv), uas yog cov kua nplaum ntoo. Nws suav nrog: casein, glutin, PVA, zaub kua nplaum thiab cov nplaum nplaum los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
Casein carpentry kua nplaum yog xim av-daj hmoov. Nws yog tsim los ntawm alkali thiab qhuav tsis muaj roj-dawb tsev cheese. Thaum npaj cov hmoov no, ncuav rau hauv dej tsis txias (chav kub) thiab do tas li.
Ratio - 2: 1 (dej rau hmoov). Hais txog ntawm nws cov khoom, nws yog qis dua ntses, tab sis nws yog superior rau lub cev nqaij daim tawv.
Glutin ntoo kua nplaum yog tsim los ntawm mezdra (tsiaj tawv nqaij, leeg, pob txha mos), ntses thiab tsiaj pob txha. Nws muab faib raws li hom tshuaj hauv qab nws: pob txha, ntses thiab mezdrovy. Ntses yog tsuas yog siv rau ntau yam kev kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab pob txha thiab mezdrovy, raws li txoj cai, ua hauj lwm nrog rooj tog. Feem ntau, glutin ntoo kua nplaum yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov vuas me me qhuav. Qee zaum nws tshwm sim hauv cov thoob, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no nws sai sai rots. Nws raug nquahu kom npaj cov tshuaj nplaum rau ib mus rau ob hnub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov khoom seem yuav khaws cia rau hauv tub yees. Qhov zoo ntawm cov pobzeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws lub xeev sab nraud - yog tias nws tsis khoov, tsis muab cov npoo ntse thaum tawg thiab muaj xim pob tshab, ces qhov no yog pobzeb zoo. Conversely, cov xim tsaus nti ntawm cov pobzeb, chipped npoo thiab muaj peev xwm khoov nws yooj yim qhia tias tsis zoo. Kev npaj: cov vuas yuav tsum tau nchuav nrog dej npau, txias rau 25 degrees, thiab tos 10-12 teev kom txog thaum lawv o. Yog tias koj ua ntej tsoo cov phaj rau hauv daim, koj tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm o mus rau 2-4 teev. Cov kua nplaum o yuav tsum tau boil rau peb teev. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob rotting kua nplaum, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob thaum ua noj. Thaum gluing, ua ntej smear rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab muab lawv raug (5 feeb). Tom qab ntawd cov khoom sib txuas thiab tos lwm 5 feeb. Tom qab lawv muab tso rau hauv xovxwm rau ib hnub.
PVA ntoo kua nplaum yog tsim rau hauv cov raj npaj siv. Nws tsis yog ntxuav tawm nrog dej, dries sai sai, tab sis, hmoov tsis, muaj ib tug luv luv txee lub neej. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb no, tam sim no nws yog qhov feem ntaufeem ntau ntawm lwm hom.
Zaub ntoo kua nplaum tsis tau pom daim ntawv thov dav vim yog cov khoom sib txuas tsis muaj zog. Nws feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab siv los ua daim ntaub thiab cov ntoo.
Cov kua nplaum los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog kua thiab pasty. Lawv haum rau ntoo, thiab rau cam khwb cia hlau, thiab porcelain. Feem ntau yog ua los ntawm carbinol.
