Txhua tus neeg yeej xav ua tus tswv ntawm nws lub tsev, uas nws yuav nyob nrog nws tsev neeg. Yuav kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj no, koj tuaj yeem yuav ib chav tsev lossis tsim lub tsev. Thaum xaiv qhov kev xaiv tom kawg, koj yuav tau daws ntau yam teeb meem koj tus kheej, suav nrog kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau vaj tsev. Koj tseem yuav tau delve rau hauv intricacies ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim lub tsev.
Hnub no, kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis tau txhim kho sai heev. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, kev tsim vaj tsev tsis txwv rau kev siv ntoo thiab cib. Ib qho khoom siv tshiab hauv tsev yog aerated qhob blocks. Lawv cov kev siv tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam. Cov tsev ua los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated (duab tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no) tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau lawv cov tswv tau ntau xyoo yam tsis tau poob lawv cov yam ntxwv qub.
Tsis xav tsis thoob, raws li kev txheeb cais, niaj hnub no ntau dua 75% ntawm cov tsev ntiag tug thiab tsev loj tau tsim los siv cov khoom siv no. Thiab nws tsis yog coincidence uas txij li thaum lub tsosaerated qhob nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, nws pib nquag siv rau kev tsim vaj tse, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qis-nce.
Qhov nrov ntawm cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv zoo, uas nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm nws qhov tsis zoo yog qhov zoo dua li pob zeb, cib, ntoo kab lossis cov cav ntoo cylindrical.
Aerated qhob thaiv yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no nyob hauv nws cov qauv ntxeem tau. Nws yog precisely vim nws cov qauv uas cov khoom no, teej tug mus rau pawg ntawm cellular pob zeb, muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas yog tshwj xeeb rau nws.
Dab tsi suav nrog hauv qhov thaiv? Nws yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm quicklime, cement, dej, xuab zeb (feem ntau quartz), nrog rau lub tshuab tshuab. Qhov kawg, raws li kev pom zoo ntawm GOST, yuav tsum yog txhuas hmoov los yog muab tshuaj txhuam los ntawm nws lub hauv paus.
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov pob zeb aerated, muaj tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim. Nws ua tau vim yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm txhuas hmoov thiab quicklime. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no, kev tsim cov hlwb tshwm sim, tus naj npawb ntawm qhov kawg cuam tshuam rau qhov ntom, qhov hnyav, thiab thermal conductivity ntawm cov khoom tsim. Nyob ntawm qhov tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov Scope ntawm nws daim ntawv thov raug txiav txim.
Sib piv nrog "tus neeg sib tw"
Vim li cas aerated vaj tsev tsim kom nrov niaj hnub no?
Qhov zoo tshaj plawsCov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, suav nrog:
- Tsawg thermal conductivity. Tus nqi ntawm cov coefficient ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.09 txog 0.34 W / mS. Cov duab no qhia meej tias lub tsev ua los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated yuav tsum sov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev saib xyuas lub tsev thaum lub caij txias rau cov tswv yuav dhau los ua kev lag luam raws li qhov ua tau. Tsim ib lub tsev los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated tuaj yeem txo cov peev nyiaj ntsuab rau kev rwb thaiv tsev. Txawm tias kev txuag nyiaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov nplaum tshwj xeeb thaum tso. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, lub tsev ua los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated yog sov dua li ib qho ua los ntawm pob zeb, cib lossis ntoo.
- Qhov loj txaus nyiam. Aerated qhob blocks loj dua cib. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog ua los ntawm high precision. Yog hais tias lub masonry yog nqa tawm kom raug, ces lub aerated qhob tsev yuav zoo siab nrog nws cov phab ntsa zoo kawg nkaus. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom txo tau lub sij hawm ntawm plastering thiab tus nqi ntawm cov hauj lwm zoo li no sai dua rau nteg vuas thiab rwb thaiv tsev.
- Kev nqus tshwj xeeb qis. Cov yam ntxwv no tso cai rau koj los tsim ib lub tsev ntawm aerated pob zeb nrog koj tus kheej tes, tsis muaj kev siv cov cuab yeej nqa. Qhov no pab txhawb kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim tsev.
- Kev tuav pov hwm zoo heev. Txhawm rau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tsis txhob ua haujlwm rau lub caij ntuj no thiab tsis siv cov khoom sib xyaw rau cov phab ntsa ntub dej.
- Lub zog loj. D500 hom ntawm aerated qhob blocks resists ib tug quab yuam ntawm 30-34 kg ib square centimeter. Ua npuas ncauj ntawm tib hom tuaj yeem tiv taus tsuas yog 9 kilograms ib square meter.saib
- Zoo suab pov thawj. Tsis zoo li cov tsev uas ua los ntawm cib lossis ntoo, lub tsev no tuaj yeem nyob ze ntawm txoj kev loj thiab tiv thaiv cov tswv ntawm qhov tsis xis nyob uas cuam tshuam nrog kev hla dhau.
Tab sis tseem, ua ntej tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, nws raug nquahu kom kawm cov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov tswv ntawm cov tsev uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los kos koj tus kheej cov lus xaus thiab ua qhov kev txiav txim siab nkaus xwb. Thov sawv daws pab txhawb nqa thiab nawb.
Pros ntawm aerated qhob vaj tsev
Qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem nyiam cov tswv, kom lawv txiav txim siab xaj cov phiaj xwm ntawm tsev los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated? Qhov zoo ntawm cov tsev no yog raws li nram no:
- Nyob. Kev tsim lub tsev zoo li no yuav xav tau kev nqis peev tsawg dua piv rau kev tsim lub tsev los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa.
- Sustainability. Los ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm kev saib xyuas peb lub ntiaj teb, aerated qhob vaj tsev tej yaam num yuav luag zoo tagnrho. Cov khoom siv nws tus kheej muaj qhov hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg, vim nws tsuas muaj cov khoom ntuj tsim. Vim li ntawd, nyob hauv ib lub tsev zoo li no tsis muaj kev hem thawj rau cov neeg nyob hauv.
- Tsis xav tau kev rwb thaiv tsev. Raws li koj paub, huab cua tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov txias. Nyob rau hauv aerated qhob, nws yog nyob rau hauv me me pores ntawm tib qhov loj. Qhov no ua rau cov roj blocks zoo heev thaum tshav kub kub insulators.
- Txuag rau lub tsev cua sov. Ib tug zoo xws li cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raws li los ntawm cov kab lus dhau los. Nyob rau hauv aerated qhob tsev nws yog sov, uas yogmuab kev txuag nyiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov nqi cua sov.
- Me me loj. Ua tsaug rau cov yam ntxwv no, lub tsev ua los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated tau txais ntau yam zoo ib zaug. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tus nqi qis dua yuav tsum tau nchuav lub hauv paus rau lub tsev ntawm aerated qhob. Lub ntsiab lus zoo yog lub sijhawm uas tau hais dhau los tsis suav nrog kev nqa khoom siv rau kev tsim kho. Thiab vim qhov loj ntawm cov blocks, lub installation ceev nce ntau zaus. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev aerated pob zeb tuaj yeem ua tiav li ntawm ob peb lub lis piam tom qab pib ua haujlwm.
- Muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tau zoo. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, tej yaam num ntawm lub tsev ua los ntawm aerated qhob yuav muab rau kev tsim kho ntawm tej configuration. Kev siv cov blocks no tshem tawm txhua qhov teeb meem hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj lossis hauv kev tsim cov arched qhib.
Cons ntawm aerated qhob vaj tsev
Tus yam ntxwv dab tsi tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev tsis lees paub ntawm cov khoom no?
- Xav tau ntau tus lej. Tej yaam num ntawm lub tsev ua los ntawm aerated qhob yuav tsum tau ib tug ncaj ncees justification. Ntxiv mus, qhov siab dua cov qauv, kev suav ntau yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov tseeb yog tias nws tau npaj los tsim lub tsev aerated pob zeb ntawm 2 plag tsev lossis ntau dua, ces nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov cellular blocks los ua cov khoom siv rau cov phab ntsa thauj khoom. Tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus uas nws lub npe siab dua D600 tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, thaum siv tej yaam num rau cov tsev ua los ntawm aerated qhob, nws yog tsim nyog xav tias qhov siab dua qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom, qhov me me nws thermal rwb thaiv tsev ua.khoom. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum muaj kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov qauv. Lwm qhov kev xaiv rau kev siv cov blocks rau kev tsim ib lub tsev ob-storey aerated qhob yog muab tso rau hauv ob kab siv hnav khaub ncaws. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, sab nrauv ntawm phab ntsa yog ua los ntawm cov khoom hnyav load-bearing gas blocks, thiab sab hauv yog ua los ntawm cov khoom tawg yooj yim dua nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo thermal rwb thaiv tsev.
- Muaj feem ntau ntawm cov kab nrib pleb hauv phab ntsa txawm tias me ntsis deformation los ntawm lub tsev shrinkage, foundation pouring yuam kev los yog av txav. Tau kawg, tus qauv yuav tsis tau txais kev puas tsuaj loj los ntawm qhov no. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li cov kab nrib pleb yuav ua rau qhov pom kev pom ntawm lub tsev. Raws li kev xyaum ua tam sim no, nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias txawm tias kev tsim kho tshuab ua raws, yuav luag 20% ntawm tag nrho cov blocks tawg.
- Yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav. Aerated qhob zoo kawg nkaus absorbs noo noo los ntawm ib puag ncig los ntawm nag, daus thiab pos huab. Yog li ntawd, lub tsev tshiab yuav tsum ua kom tiav tam sim ntawd.
- Yuav tsum ua raws li kev txiav txim ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Kev ua tiav ib lub tsev ua los ntawm aerated qhob yuav tsum pib ntawm sab hauv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias xws li blocks muaj peev xwm nqus noo noo los ntawm ob sab. Tias yog vim li cas qhov pib ntawm plastering los ntawm sab hauv yuav txo qhov dampness hauv chav. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav cov phab ntsa sab nrauv.
- Nyuaj hauv kev teeb tsa qhov cua facades. Lawv dag nyob rau hauv complexity ntawm fastening cov ntaub ntawv rau gypsum pob zeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, facade tuaj yeem tsuas yog poob ntawm nws tus kheej. Raws li qhov no, qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog plaster phab ntsa nrog tshwj xeebgypsum-raws li mixs.
- Kev ua tsis tiav sai ntawm cov hlau. Lawv tau lwj los ntawm txiv qaub, uas yog ib feem ntawm aerated qhob thiab nyob rau hauv cov nplaum sib tov rau lub thaiv. Txoj hmoo zoo sib xws tos kev sib txuas lus, uas siv cov kav hlau hlau.
- Txoj hlua tsis zoo hauv phab ntsa. Txhua yam uas muaj qhov loj loj yog qhov nyuaj rau dai hauv lub tsev zoo li no. Txhawm rau tuav cov rhawv, lub tshuab rhaub dej thiab dai chav ua noj rau ntawm phab ntsa, koj yuav tsum tau ntim cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
- Tsawg thermal inertia. Qhov ntsuas no qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los khaws cov cua sov. Cov tsev ua los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated (cov duab qhia hauv qab no) sov so sai sai. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muab cov cua sov ntawm tib tus nqi. Qib ntawm thermal inertia ntawm aerated qhob thaiv ncaj qha nyob ntawm nws cov qauv. Nrog ntau qhov pores, nws qis dua.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub tsev aerated aerated muaj ob qho pluses thiab minuses.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qee qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem ua theem txawm tias thaum ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim kho. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau ua tsaug rau qhov ua raws nraim ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tso cov blocks.
Cov cuab yeej tsim
Yuav ua li cas kev tsim lub tsev ntawm aerated qhob yuav ua tau? Step-by-step cov lus qhia ua ntej pib ntawm kev tsim kho yuav tsum tau kawm yam tsis poob. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thev naus laus zis, qhov kev kho uas yuav ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Thaum pib, koj yuav tsum khaws cov khoom tsim nyogcuab tam. Cov npe muaj:
- drill;
- band and tes saw;
- mixer;
- wall chaser;
- electromill;
- kav laub;
- scraper thoob;
- roj hmab mallet;
- toothed trowel;
- sib tsoo board (grater).
Site npaj
Nrog rau txoj haujlwm uas twb muaj lawm, kev tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated pib nrog kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw faib rau kev paub. Lub xaib yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsim nyog los kos cov qauv yav tom ntej ntawm nws. Ua li no, lawv siv txoj hlua thiab cov hlua khi thiab txiav txim siab lub axis ntawm lub tsev.
Nyob rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev npaj rau kev tsim kho, ib qho ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub hauv paus tau piav qhia nrog cov kav dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib txoj hlua yog stretched perpendicular rau nws mus rau ob lub ces kaum ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov thib 4 ntawm lawv yog piav qhia nrog kev pab los ntawm ib lub xwmfab. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntsuas cov kab pheeb ces kaum. Yog tias lawv qhov ntev yog tib yam, ces txhua yam ua tiav kom raug, uas tso cai rau koj kho cov rods ntawm cov ntsiab lus npaj thiab rub cov hlua ntawm lawv. Kev kos duab sab hauv ntawm lub hauv paus yog ua raws li txoj hauv kev, uas nyob ntawm kwv yees li 400 hli los ntawm cov kab sab nrauv ntawm lub hauv paus.
Trenches
Kev txiav txim siab qhov xav tau qhov tob ntawm lub qhov dej no tsuas yog tom qab pom qhov qis tshaj ntawm qhov chaw. Yog tias koj npaj yuav tsim ib lub tsev me me los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated, ces nws yuav xav tau kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus sawb 40 cm dav. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw thiab tsim lub tsev.
Thaum khawb trenchesNws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los ua kom lawv cov phab ntsa ntsug. Hauv qab ntawm lub qhov taub yuav tsum yog theem. Cov kev ntsuas no raug kuaj xyuas siv qib thiab kab kav dej.
Thaum tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated nrog koj tus kheej tes, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tsum tau muab lub hauv ncoo ntawm cov xuab zeb rau hauv qab ntawm cov trench npaj, ua tib zoo tamping nws. Cov txheej no yog qhov tsim nyog kom sib npaug ntawm cov khoom thauj ntawm lub hauv paus, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij off-season. Nws raug nquahu kom nqa lub thickness ntawm lub hauv ncoo mus rau 15 cm. Tom ntej no, cov pob zeb crushed yog nchuav rau hauv cov xuab zeb thiab cov khoom siv vov tsev yog pw.
Formwork installation
Cov khoom no yog sib sau los ntawm plywood, boards thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Tag nrho cov formwork yog fastened ua ke nrog screws los yog rau tes. Qhov siab ntawm lub thav duab yuav tsum yog xws li tias nws nce li ntawm 300 mm saum toj no hauv av.
Ib kab nuv ntses yog ncab raws phab ntsa ntawm sab hauv ib puag ncig ntawm lub formwork. Nws muab tso rau ntawm ciam teb sab saud ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej sau.
Lub tshuab tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated yuav tsum tau npaj cov qhov ntawm theem no rau yav tom ntej cov kav dej thiab dej. Ua li no, lawv muab cov kav dej khoob thiab muab cov xuab zeb tso rau hauv qhov chaw zoo.
Txoj kev txhawb nqa
txhawm rau tsim lub hauv paus rau lub tsev aerated pob zeb, koj yuav xav tau cov pas nrig nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 12 txog 14 hli. Qhov kev txhawb nqa no yuav tsum tau muab khi ua ntej rau hauv ib lub mesh siv cov hlau hloov tau yooj yim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav dua yav tom ntej cov qauv, piv txwv li, qhov no yog hais txog kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev aerated pob zeb nrog lub qab nthab, qhov me me ntawm sab ntawm lub square yuav tsum tau ua. Feem ntau, meshes yog uanrog ib lub xovtooj loj ntawm 20x20 cm. Cov khoom tiav tau muab tso rau hauv trenches. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm cov txheej txheem no, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov thiab nws sab saum toj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tawm qhov indents ntawm 5 cm.
Filling formwork
txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov xav tau ntim ntawm pob zeb, koj yuav tsum muab qhov dav ntawm lub hauv paus los ntawm nws qhov siab thiab ntev. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem mus rau tus kheej tsim khoom lossis xaj cov khoom sib tov. Nws daim ntawv qhia tus qauv muaj 1 teev ntawm cov cement, 5 teev ntawm cov pob zeb crushed, 3 teev xuab zeb, uas tau coj mus rau qhov xav tau sib xws nrog dej. Lub resulting tov yog poured rau hauv lub formwork nyob rau hauv uniform txheej. Lawv thickness yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 200 hli. Txhua txheej ntawm xws li sau yog compacted nrog ib tug ntoo rammer.
Qhob yog nchuav mus rau theem ntawm txoj hlua ncab rau saum lub formwork. Tom ntej no, lub ncuav nto yog leveled nrog ib tug trowel, thiab cov pob zeb yog pierced nyob rau hauv ob peb qhov chaw nrog reinforcement. Sab nraum, lub formwork yog ua tib zoo tapping nrog ib tug ntoo mallet, thiab ces tag nrho cov qauv yog tshuav rau ib hlis. Qhov no tso cai rau lub hauv paus kom muaj zog. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov qauv yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm nag lossis daus nrog polyethylene. Yog tias huab cua kub, ces cov pob zeb yuav tsum tau watered ib ntus. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob tawg.
phab ntsa
Cov neeg uas nws tus kheej koom nrog kev tsim lub tsev los ntawm aerated blocks raug pom zoo kom yuav tus nplaig thiab zawj cov khoom siv. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias lawv yooj yim nqa.
Koj tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev siv lwm yamthaiv. Kev txiav txim ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsis hloov.
Nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev npaj cov phab ntsa, koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub sab sauv ntawm lub hauv paus uas twb qhuav qhuav los ntawm hmoov av thiab av, npog nws nrog ib txheej ntawm vov tsev ntaub tom qab ntawd. Thawj kab yog nteg tawm ntawm cov khoom siv waterproofing no. Cov blocks yog fastened nrog ib tug cement-xuab zeb mortar. Nws yuav qhuav ntev dua cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb, uas yuav muab sijhawm los kho qhov sib npaug ntawm cov masonry. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness ntawm xws li ib txheej yog 10 mm. Tsis muaj kev txwv siab tshaj plaws hauv qhov no. Nrog rau cov cement-xuab zeb txheej, qhov siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov blocks tuaj yeem ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev siv zog ntau.
Masonry pib ntawm lub ces kaum siab tshaj. Tab sis ua ntej ua cov haujlwm no, koj yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev nrog ib txoj kab nuv ntses. Tom ntej no, thawj lub thaiv yog muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus. Tib lub ntsiab yog muab tso rau ntawm tag nrho lwm cov ces kaum.
Thawj kab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm lub tsev thiab hauv cov chaw uas, raws li qhov project, cov phab ntsa sab hauv yuav nyob. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov qhib rau lub qhov rooj. Lawv yuav tsum tau hla dhau.
Tom qab tso cov kab pib, nws qhov chaw yog ua tib zoo sanded. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem mus rau kev tsim kho ntxiv ntawm phab ntsa. Thaum tso cov kab thib ob thiab tom qab, cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb yog siv los khi cov blocks, uas yog siv rau hauv ib txheej txawm. Txhua txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov ces kaum. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kab yuav tsum tau khi nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li nws yog ua nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev cib. Cov kua nplaum yog siv lub thoob nrog cov hniav, thiab tom qab ntawdqhov chaw npaj yog ntsia kom ze li sai tau rau ib leeg blocks. Qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov tso ntawm txhua kab yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas siv qib. Yog tias tsim nyog, txoj haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog kho nrog cov roj hmab mallet. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias vim yog cov kua nplaum kom qhuav sai, koj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm sai heev. Txwv tsis pub, txav cov roj thaiv los kho txoj haujlwm yuav dhau los ua txoj haujlwm tsis yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw interfloor (yog tias lub tsev siab), koj yuav tsum tau muab ib txoj siv zog ntxiv.
Windows and windowsills
Thaum tsim ib lub tsev, cov qhib no kuj yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov rai sills feem ntau muaj qhov siab ntawm plaub kab ntawm masonry. Hauv qhov no, kev tsim cov qhov rais qhib yuav tsum pib tom qab peb kab ntawm cov blocks. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj xav tau phab ntsa chaser, uas ua ob kab sib luag. Lawv qhov ntev yuav tsum dhau ntawm qhov rais ciam teb los ntawm 300 mm. Cov tuav tuav tau muab tso rau hauv cov strobes, uas tom qab ntawd kho nrog cov cement-xuab zeb mortar. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tso cov phab ntsa txuas ntxiv raws li cov txheej txheem dhau los.
jumpers
Cov qauv txheej txheem no tsim nyog txhawm rau txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntu ntawm cov phab ntsa nyob saum lub qhov rais thiab qhov rooj qhib. Yog tsis muaj lintelels, phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev tsuas yog vau.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, npaj txhij-ua U-puab blocks siv tau. Lawv tau glued mus rau qhov ntev ntawm qhov xav tau, ntsia, thiab tom qab tso qhov kev txhawb zog, lawv tau nchuav nrog cov cement mortar. Jumpers tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tus kheej. Ua li no, muab cov pob zeb aerated 10 cm dav thiab khi lawv nrog kua nplaum. Hauv nocov qauv nrog kev pab los ntawm ib phab ntsa chaser, 3 longitudinal kab yog npaj, rau hauv uas reinforcing tuav yog nteg. Tom qab ntawd, ib lub jumper hauv tsev yog nchuav nrog cov cement mortar thiab sab laug kom qhuav rau ib hnub. Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom ua ntej yog ua tiav nrog fittings.
Rab siv tawv
kab phab ntsa kawg yog ib qho uas tau ua nrog qhov rais lintels. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum mus rau pouring lub armored los yog seismic siv. Qhov no yog ib qho qauv tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, tsim los xyuas kom meej lub tsev ntawm aerated qhob blocks. Rau nws, 10-centimeter ntsiab yog coj, los ntawm cov formwork yog tsim. Muab nws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm phab ntsa. Qhov tshwm sim zawj yog sau nrog rebar thiab grouted.
Hlau studs yuav tsum tau immured rau hauv armored siv. Mauerlat txuas nrog rau cov khoom no. Feem ntau, studs yog ua los ntawm kev txhawb nqa, tab sis nws yooj yim dua yog tias lawv muaj xov. Nyob rau theem no, peb tuaj yeem xav tias lub thawv ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg aerated qhob tsev yog npaj txhij.
Roof
Tom qab mounting lub Mauerlat, rafters raug ntsia. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm theem no yog tus kheej. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau cov yam ntxwv uas cov qauv vov tsev xaiv los ntawm cov tswv yuav muaj. Ua li no, ntau yam kev xaiv yuav raug txiav txim siab.
Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau lub tsev aerated pob zeb nrog lub chaw nres tsheb lossis yooj yim nrog kev teeb tsa nyuaj yog mansard, xibtes lub ru tsev lossis lwm cov qauv tsis muaj qhov nyuaj hauv lawv qhov kev tua.
Tab sis txawm xaiv qhov twgkev xaiv, lub ru tsev yuav tsum tau ua nrog hydro, chav thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Thaum npaj ib lub tsev hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv pem teb sab sauv ntawm lub suab nrov.
Cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo yog tsau rau saum cov rafters ntsia. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua yog tias qhov no yog ua tiav siv cov ntoo slats, uas yuav ua rau tib lub sijhawm los ua cov txee-lattice. Lub crate nws tus kheej yog tom qab txuas mus rau cov qauv no, uas cov khoom siv vov tsev yog nteg. Lub rhaub yog muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm cov slats nyob rau hauv lub waterproofing. Feem ntau, cov khoom no yog cov ntxhia wool. Thermal rwb thaiv tsev yog them nrog ib tug vapor barrier zaj duab xis, uas yog txuas mus rau lub rafters nrog ntoo slats. Cov theem kawg ntawm kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev yog qhov txheej txheem tiav.
Lub sijhawm no, kev teeb tsa lub thawv roj av nrog lub ru tsev tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua tiav. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum mount engineering kev sib txuas lus thiab pib kho lub tsev.
