Lub Tsev Passive yog tus qauv rau kev siv hluav taws xob hauv kev tsim kho, uas tso cai rau koj kom muaj kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, ua rau muaj kev phom sij tsawg kawg nkaus rau ib puag ncig, kom muaj kev nplij siab ntawm kev nyob. Nws siv lub zog thermal tsawg heev uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub tshuab cua sov cais, lossis nws lub zog thiab qhov loj me me.
Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob
Kev siv hluav taws xob rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov cua sov xws li lub tsev rau lub xyoo tsis tshaj 15 kilowatt-teev ib chav tsev. Kev siv hluav taws xob rau cua sov, dej kub thiab hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsev siv hluav taws xob tsis pub tshaj 120 kilowatt-teev ib chav tsev.
Yog tias peb piv cov kev siv hluav taws xob rau cua sov hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas tau tswj hwm los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv thermal thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob xyoo 2002 (WschVO thiab EnEV 2002), muaj qhov ncaj qha mus rau qhov txo qis ntawm qhov xav tau cua sov. cov tsev. Tsis ntev los no EnEV Decree tswj kev tiv thaiv thermal nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tau teeb tsa tus qauv rau kev siv hluav taws xob txhua xyoo rau cua sovCov tsev tshiab thiab kho dua tshiab los ntawm 30 txog 70 kilowatt-teev ib chav tsev.
Rau kev sib piv, hauv Lavxias Federation, tus qauv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob txhua xyoo rau cua sov rau Moscow yog los ntawm 95 txog 195 kilowatt-teev ib chav tsev. Kev siv tiag tiag tshaj li cov qauv no ntau zaus dhau.
Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tsev txuag hluav taws xob
Ecohouse muaj cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:
- Kev nplij siab. Nws yog muab los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb engineering system uas tas li tuav ib tug qab ntxiag microclimate, huv si thiab freshness ntawm huab cua. Lub tsev passive yog li kis tau los sib npaug ntawm chav tsev kub.
- Kev txuag hluav taws xob. Yog hais tias peb piv ib lub tsev zoo tib yam thiab ib lub tsev passive, tom kawg yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev txo qis tshaj kaum npaug ntawm kev siv cua sov rau kev xav tau cua sov.
- txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv. Thaum lub tsev tsis muaj zog, thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo, txhua qhov chaw nyob tau txais huab cua tsis tu ncua, tsis muaj cov ntawv sau, cov av noo siab thiab tsis muaj pwm.
- Kev lag luam. Yog hais tias lub tsev tsis muaj zog, ces tus nqi ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm nws lub zog mov tseem qis txawm tias tus nqi ntawm lub zog nce.
- Kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig. Thaum lub tsev tsis muaj zog, kev siv cov thev naus laus zis txuag hluav taws xob nce qib ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Zoo sib npaug
Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev txuag hluav taws xob yog lub zog sib npaug ntawm qhov cua lossis xa hluav taws xob poob thiab nws nkag nrog lub hnub ci zog,internal tshav kub qhov chaw thiab cua sov. Rau kev sib npaug, xws li cov khoom zoo li thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov rhuab ntim, compactness ntawm lub tsev, passive siv tshav kub los ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob los ntawm orienting feem ntau ntawm lub qhov rais (txog 2/5 ntawm lub façade cheeb tsam) mus rau sab qab teb nrog ib tug kam rau ua. 30 ° thiab vim tsis muaj shading yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nws kuj tseem yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev nrog qib siab ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom sov dej siv lub twj tso kua mis los yog lub hnub ci collector, cov cua kub cua txias nrog cov cua kub hauv av. Qhov tseeb, lub tsev passive zoo tagnrho yog lub tsev thermos tsis muaj cua sov.
Passive House Technology
qhov txiaj ntsig no ua tiav li cas? Tus qauv hauv tsev passive suav nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv tsib thaj chaw:
- Thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov chaw sab nraud, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ces kaum, pob tw, kev hloov pauv thiab kev hla, yuav tsum yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cua sov yog tsawg dua 0.15 W / m 2 K.
- Tsis muaj cov txuas hluav taws xob. Nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob suav nrog cov khoom siv cua sov. Ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau kev suav qhov ntsuas kub yuav tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas qhov chaw tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev fencing nrog lawv qhov kev ua kom zoo tom ntej.
- Ua tau zoo passive eco-tsev ntawv pov thawj qhov rais. Ob chav glazed qhov rais uas muaj cov roj inert yog qhov zoo rau cov tsev zoo li no. Tsim nyog installation ntawm qhov rais lug.
- Mechanical qhov cua nrogThaum tshav kub kub rov qab (tsis pub tsawg tshaj 75%) thiab kaw lub plhaub sab hauv. Kev kuaj xyuas thiab tshem tawm cov dej xau yog ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm huab cua permeability ntawm cov tsev. Kev nplij siab qhov cua tswj los ntawm tus neeg siv. Ground heat exchanger installation.
Ua hauv Russia
Nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe, cov qauv kev tsim vaj tsev passive tau siv dav, thiab hauv Lavxias Federation, kev tsim thiab kev tsim vaj tsev txuag hluav taws xob tsuas yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim.
Tsis muaj tsev uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm tus qauv kev siv hluav taws xob tsis tau, tab sis twb muaj cov tsev uas nyob ze rau tus qauv no. Lawv suav nrog cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus, cov txheej txheem rau kev suav lub tsev siv hluav taws xob.
Tsis tas li, cuam tshuam rau Lavxias Federation, kev faib cov tsev los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tau tsim:
- passive lub tsev - cua sov siv tsawg dua 15, tag nrho lub zog siv ib xyoos - tsis tshaj 120 kilowatt-teev ib chav tsev;
- Ultra qis noj tsev - txhua xyoo cua sov siv hluav taws xob yog 16-35, thiab tag nrho txhua xyoo kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua 180 kilowatt-teev ib cheeb tsam;
- Lub tsev tsis muaj zog - ib lub tsev uas muaj cua sov txhua xyoo ntawm 36-50, thiab tag nrho txhua xyoo kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua 260 kilowatt-teev ib cheeb tsam.
keeb kwm kev tsim kho
Nruab nrab ntawm 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum tau cim los ntawm lub hauv paus hauv Darmstadt, lub teb chaws Yelemees, ntawm "Passive House" kev koom tes. Architects Westtermauer thiab Bott-Ridder, nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Wolfgang Feist, tsim ib lub tsev plaub-chav tsev, tus qauv uas yog tag nrho cov tom ntej lub zog-txuag tsev. Lub tsev passive tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1991 nrog kev koom tes ntawm tsoom fwv ntawm Hesse. Lub tsev siv cua sov txhua xyoo yog tsawg dua 1 litre roj ib chav tsev.
Design nta
Kev tsim lub tsev passive tau ua tiav nrog cov qauv tsim hauv qab no.
Sab nrauv phab ntsa ua los ntawm 175 hli tuab silicate cib insulated nrog 275 hli tuab polystyrene ua npuas ncauj, hauv tiav nrog 15 hli tuab gypsum plaster thiab peb-txheej wallpaper, ua raws li los ntawm painting.
ru tsev npog nrog humus, lim txheej, chipboard 50 mm tuab, ntxiv dag zog rau cov kab ntoo, insulated nrog polyethylene zaj duab xis, insulated nrog ib txheej ntawm ntxhia wool 445 mm tuab, tiav nrog plasterboard thiab peb-txheej wallpaper, ua raws li los ntawm painting.
Lub qab nthab, 160 hli reinforced pob zeb, insulated nrog 250 hli polystyrene boards, 40 hli soundproofing, 50 hli cement screed thiab mus txog 15 hli parquet.
Windows nrog peb lub panes, ob-sided low-e txheej, krypton-filled chambers. Ntoo ncej nrog polyurethane ua npuas ncauj rwb thaiv tsev.
Kev kho cua sov ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv hauv qab daus hauv tsev. Electronically switched DC motors tau siv thawj zaug.
Cov dej kub yog muab los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum nrog thaj tsam ntawm 5.3 square meters. meters ib chav tsev (muab 66% ntawm qhov xav tau rau cov dej kub) thiab compactphab ntsa-mounted natural gas condensing boiler. Cov kav dej ntawm DHW yog muab tso rau hauv cov txheej txheem cua sov thiab insulated zoo.
Kuaj ntsuas ntsuas
Tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev, tswj kev ntsuas huab cua, ntsuas siab, ntsuas ntsuas kub ib puag ncig thiab lub zog noj. Lawv lees paub qhov ua tiav ntawm lub hom phiaj tau teeb tsa.
Ib xyoos twg ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob cua sov rau kev xav tau cua sov hauv xyoo 1991-1992 yog 19.8 kilowatt-teev ib cheeb tsam, uas suav txog 8% ntawm kev noj cov tsev nyob ib puag ncig. Hauv xyoo 1992-1993, kev noj txhua xyoo poob mus rau 11.8 kilowatt-teev ib chav tsev (5.5% ntawm kev noj cov flats coj los sib piv). Tom qab ntawd kev noj haus poob qis dua 10 kilowatt-teev ib chav tsev ib xyoos.
Cov ntsuas tau dhau los ua me me uas cov kws tshaj lij txhais tau lawv lub sijhawm ntev. Kev txo nqi hluav taws xob tseem ceeb ntawm 90% tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev ua haujlwm tau zoo.
German kev paub tau qiv los ntawm Finnish architects thiab architects los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau dua 40 txhiab lub tsev eco-tsev tau tsim nyob hauv ntiaj teb.
Passive tsev: kev tsim kho hauv Russia
Nyob rau hauv Lavxias Federation hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod thiab Yekaterinburg, ob peb yam khoom raug siv los yog twb tau tsim los siv cov qauv hauv paus los ntawm kev tsim cov tsev passive. Cov haujlwm ntawm qee qhov ntawm lawv yuav tau tham hauv qab no.
Project hauv Moscowthaj chaw
Ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm ib tus neeg lub tsev uas siv hluav taws xob tsawg, ib tus tuaj yeem tawm ntawm "Active House" hauv cheeb tsam Moscow, cov khoom siv cua sov uas tseem ua tau.
Lub tsev nquag yog cov tsev uas muaj ntau theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog, tab sis nrog kev nplij siab ntau dua, ua tiav los ntawm kev tswj tsis siv neeg ntawm microclimate ntawm lub tsev los ntawm "smart home", kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab thiab nws cov phooj ywg ib puag ncig.
Qhov project tau ua tiav xyoo 2011. Nws yog ib qho qauv tsim rau 5 tus neeg nyob nrog thaj tsam ntawm 229 square meters, ob lub plag tsev, ib lub thav duab ntoo, insulated nrog ISOVER ntxhia wool boards, VELUX ru tsev qhov rais, lub thickness ntawm sab nrauv fencing lug ntawm 550-650 mm, ib tug tshav kub. hloov tsis kam ntawm lub ru tsev thiab phab ntsa ntawm 12, ib pem teb ntawm 14 (m 2 ·°C)/Tue. Cov huab cua pauv tus nqi yog 0.4 npaug ntawm ib teev. Kev siv hluav taws xob txhua xyoo rau cua sov ib leeg yog 38, thiab tag nrho lub zog siv yog 110 kilowatt-teev ib chav tsev ib xyoos.
YProject in Nizhny Novgorod
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib txoj haujlwm uas muaj kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg rau kev xav tau cua sov yog ib lub tsev nyob ze Nizhny Novgorod, ua tiav xyoo 2012.
2-storey tsev nrog thaj tsam ntawm 141 square meters. ' meter ', tsim rau plaub tus neeg, yog cov qauv hauv daim ntawv ntoo, insulated nrog ISOVER ntxhia wool slabs, nrog rau REHAU GENEO qhov rai profile, peb tsom iav, kub hloov tsis kam ntawm phab ntsa 8, 7, ru tsev 12, 8, pem teb 8, 9 m 2·°C/W. Siv Zehnder qhov cua tshuab nrog kev ua haujlwm zoorecuperation 84% thiab huab cua pauv tus nqi 0.3 zaug ib teev. Kev siv hluav taws xob txhua xyoo rau cua sov yog 33 kilowatt-teev ib chav tsev.
Cov vaj tsev tsis zoo yog tus yeeb ncuab ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob
Txij thaum pib, lub tswv yim ntawm lub tsev eco-tsev tsis muaj kev xav tias tus nqi ntawm cov tsev no yuav sib npaug los yog me ntsis ntau dua li cov nqi ntawm cov tib neeg. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim yog qhov pheej yig ntawm xws li kev tsim kho, qhov kev pom zoo ntawm tus nqi-zoo thiab ceev them rov qab.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab teeb meem yog kom sib npaug tus nqi ntawm kev tsim cov qauv hauv Lavxias Federation thiab tsim cov tsev zoo tib yam. Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev los ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb mus rau pawg loj yuav tsis tshwm sim sai. Qhov no yuav xav tau, ntxiv rau qhov kev cob qhia ntawm cov kws tsim qauv, kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, kev siv cov khoom siv zoo thiab thev naus laus zis, cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.
Kev tsim kho loj hauv tebchaws Russia nyiam txo tus nqi vaj tsev los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsis zoo thiab kev siv cov neeg ua haujlwm tsawg. Tsuav yog qhov kev nyiam no tseem nyob, kev hloov pauv mus rau kev siv thev naus laus zis, kev siv hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob zoo li tsis muaj tseeb.
Kev Pom Zoo hauv Russia
Qhov kev npaj 40% txo qis ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 2020 yog npaj los tig cov dej ntws los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob. Tus nqi ntawm kev hloov pauv kub yuav nce ntawm 0.52 txog 0.8 m 2 ·° C / W, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau 1.0. Kev siv cov txheej txheem rov ua haujlwm hauv qhov cua yuav tsum tau ua. Lub sijhawm no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los hloov kho thiab ua raws li kev paub txawv teb chaws. Ntau ntau lub tsev passive xav tias yuav tsim los ntawm 2020. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov xwm txheej tsim nyog yuav tau tsim: cov tsev txhab nyiaj yuav tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm kev qiv qiv, cov tsim qauv, cov tsim tawm thiab cov neeg tsim khoom yuav paub cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Qhov no yuav tsim kom muaj kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
