Cov atoms ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv tas li, yog vim li cas kua thiab gases sib tov. Cov khoom kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me, tab sis lawv muaj cov iav siv lead ua nruj dua. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias ob lub cev muaj zog tau coj los ze zog rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm atomic rog, tom qab ntawd ntawm kev sib cuag, cov khoom ntawm ib yam khoom yuav nkag mus rau lwm qhov thiab rov ua dua. Xws li kev sib nrig sib nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua diffusion, thiab cov nyhuv yog lub hauv paus ntawm ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom nrog hlau. Qhov ntawd yog qhov nws hu ua - diffusion vuam ntawm cov hlau.
Dab tsi tuaj yeem koom nrog diffusion vuam
Diffusion vuam hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev muaj peev xwm loj heev. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem txuas tau:
- Hlau ntawm homogeneous thiab inhomogeneous qauv, nrog rau lawv cov alloys. Cov khoom siv hlau refractory xws li tantalum, niobium thiab tungsten.
- Cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau nrog cov hlau: graphite nrog hlau, tooj liab nrog iav.
- Cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho raws li cov hlau, ceramics, quartz, ferrites, iav, semiconductor qauv (homogeneous thiab inhomogeneous), graphite thiab sapphire.
- Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, ntxeem tau nrog kev khaws cia ntawm lawv cov khoom thiab kev ntxhib los mos.
- polymer tshuaj.
Hais txog kev teeb tsa thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov khoob - lawv yuav txawv. Nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm chav ua hauj lwm, nws muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm nrog cov khoom los ntawm ob peb microns (semiconductor ntsiab) mus rau ob peb meters (cov txheej txheem complex).
How the diffusion plant works
Complex rau diffusion vuam suav nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- Chamber ua haujlwm. Nws yog tsim los ntawm hlau thiab tsim los txwv qhov chaw ua haujlwm uas lub tshuab nqus tsev tsim.
- Stand - polished sawv ntsug. Chav ua hauj lwm so rau ntawm nws, uas nws txav tau.
- Nqus sealer. Yog ib qhov spacer nruab nrab ntawm lub koob yees duab thiab qhov muag.
- Roller mechanism thiab clamping ntsia hlau. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, lub koob yees duab tau txav mus rau ntawm txoj hlua thiab tsau rau ntawm qhov muag.
- Lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum. Tsim lub tshuab nqus tsev hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm.
- Generator nrog inductor. Lawv ua raws li lub tshuab cua sov rau cov khoom yuav tsum tau welded.
- kub-resistant punches, hydraulic thooj voos kheej kheej thiab roj twj tso kua mis sawv cev rau lub tshuab rau compressing qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug muab siab.
Raws li kev hloov kho, diffusion vuam kev teeb tsa yuav txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov chav thiab cov qauvlawv sealing. Tsis tas li ntawd txawv yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cua sov qhov chaw. Radiation heaters, high generators, glow discharge units, electron beam heaters siv tau.
Diffusion txheej txheem thaum vuam
Yog tias koj nqa cov phiaj hlau polished, txuas rau lawv thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev thauj khoom, tom qab ob peb lub xyoo caum cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib nrig sib nkag mus rau hauv ib leeg yuav pom tau. Ntxiv mus, qhov nkag mus tob yuav nyob rau hauv ib millimeter. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias tus nqi diffusion nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau koom nrog, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, nrog rau lub xeev ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag (tsis muaj kuab paug thiab oxidation). Tias yog vim li cas nws cov txheej txheem ntuj thiaj li qeeb.
Nyob hauv kev lag luam, txhawm rau kom tau txais kev sib txuas sai sai, cov txheej txheem diffusion tau nrawm dua, suav nrog tag nrho cov xwm txheej no. Hauv chav ua haujlwm:
- Tsim lub tshuab nqus tsev nrog qhov seem siab siab txog li 10 -5 mm Hg lossis sau qhov nruab nrab nrog cov roj inert. Yog li, cov khoom tsis raug oxygen, uas yog tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing rau ib qho hlau.
- Cov ntaub ntawv yog rhuab ntawm qhov kub ntawm 50-70% ntawm cov melting kub ntawm workpieces. Qhov no yog ua los ua kom cov plasticity ntawm qhov chaw vim yog lub xeev mobile ntau ntawm lawv cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
- Cov blanks yog raug rau cov neeg kho tshuab siab nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.30-10.00 kg / mm 2, nqa cov interatomic nrug ze rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg uas tso cai rau tsim cov kev sib koom ua ke thiabkev sib nrig sib nkag mus rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.
Yuav tsum tau npaj cov ntaub ntawv
Ua ntej muab qhov khoob ntawm cov ntsiab lus los welded rau hauv chav diffusion, lawv raug kho ua ntej. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav qhov kev sib cuag ntawm qhov khoob yog txhawm rau kom tau txais smoother, txawm thiab zoo li qhov chaw, nrog rau tshem tawm cov tsis pom oily formations thiab av los ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm workpieces tshwm sim:
- tshuaj;
- mechanical;
- electrolytic.
Oxide films, raws li txoj cai, tsis cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem diffusion, txij li lawv tus kheej puas thaum cua sov hauv ib puag ncig lub tshuab nqus tsev.
Thaum diffusion vuam tsis zoo txaus ntawm cov khoom uas muaj qhov sib npaug thermal expansion coefficient, los yog lub nkig seam yog tsim, thiaj li hu ua buffer pads yog siv. Lawv tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv ci ntawm ntau yam hlau. Yog li, tooj liab ntawv ci yog siv nyob rau hauv diffusion vuam ntawm quartz blanks.
yam ntxwv ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke
Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, qhov twg cov hlau ntxiv ntxiv rau hauv cov hlau hauv cov seam, diffusion vuam ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais cov seam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv lub cev thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke. Kev sib koom ua tiav tiav muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- muaj qhov sib txuas txuas ntxiv yam tsis muaj qhov hws thiab tsim ntawm cov plhaub;
- tsis muaj oxide suav nrog hauv cov khoom sib xyaw;
- mechanical stabilitykhoom.
Vim qhov tseeb tias kev sib kis yog txheej txheem ntuj tsim ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm ib yam khoom mus rau lwm tus, cov khoom siv lead ua cov ntaub ntawv tsis cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw tiv tauj, thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj fragility ntawm seam.
Kev sib txuas ntawm titanium qhov chaw
Diffusion vuam ntawm titanium thiab nws cov alloys yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tau txais kev sib koom tes zoo nrog kev lag luam siab. Nws yog dav siv hauv cov tshuaj rau kev tsim cov khoom siv prosthesis, nrog rau lwm cov teb.
Cov khoom yog rhuab mus rau qhov kub thiab txias 50º - 100º qis dua qhov kub ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv polymorphic tshwm sim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub siab me ntsis ntawm 0.05-0.15 kgf / mm² yog siv rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm titanium alloy tsis cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv txoj kev vuam no.
Txoj kev zoo
Thaum diffusion vuam yog ua tau:
- sib xyaw homogeneous thiab heterogeneous solids;
- zam deformation ntawm qhov chaw;
- tsis txhob siv cov khoom siv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov solders thiab fluxes;
- receive non-nkim tsim;
- tsis txhob siv cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv thiab tso pa tawm, vim tias tsis muaj cov pa phem tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem;
- tau txais txhua qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw sib cuag, txwv tsuas yog los ntawm cov khoom siv tau;
- kom ntseeg tau hluav taws xob tiv tauj.
Ntxiv rau qhov no yog qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm qhov tiav,uas tsis xav tau daim ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, xws li tshem tawm cov nplais vuam, piv txwv li.
Flaws of technology
Diffusion vuam yog txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, nws qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej kim tshwj xeeb;
- xav tau rau qhov chaw tsim khoom, kev teeb tsa muaj qhov loj me;
- yuav tsum muaj kev paub tshwj xeeb, kev txawj ntse thiab kev nkag siab ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm;
- sijhawm siv ceev faj ua ntej ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm;
- khaws lub tshuab nqus tsev kom huv li sai tau, txwv tsis pub cov hmoov av tsis pom tuaj yeem nyob ntawm qhov chaw welded thiab ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag;
- nyuaj hauv kev kuaj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov seam yam tsis tas yuav rhuav tshem nws.
Muab tag nrho cov no, nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv lub tshuab nqus tsev, diffusion vuam yog nyob rau hauv kev thov tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam, thiab tsis yog rau kev siv ntiag tug.
Industrial diffusion vuam khoom
Muaj ntau hom khoom siv tsim los rau kev siv vuam. Lawv feem ntau sib txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug welded thiab siv cov tshuab sib txawv rau cov khoom cua sov.
Txhim kho hom MDVS yog tsim los rau kev tsim cov tooj liab busbars hloov tau yooj yim, tiv tauj cov pab pawg ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua los ntawm tooj liab thiab kerrite, qhov chaw ntawm cov roj-nqa li qub rau cov twj borehole ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel thiab cov hlau tawv tawv. Lub kaw lus siv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob tiv tauj cua sov.
Vuam complex hom UDVM-201. Ua ib qho kev sib txuas los ntawm diffusion vuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm iav ntawm qib sib txawv. Cov cua kub ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
vuam khoom USDV-630. Kev txhim kho ntawm induction cua sov rau vuam cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw raws li titanium thiab tooj liab. Cov tshuab no tso cai rau cua sov qhov chaw loj.
MDVS-302 tshuab rau diffusion vuam siv cov cua kub zaus ntawm qhov chaw. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me ntawm lub transistor circuit.
