Almonds yog ib lub pob zeb nyiam txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj qab ntxiag, qab zib. Yog hais tias lub climatic yam ntxwv ntawm lub cheeb tsam tso cai, ces koj muaj peev xwm sim loj hlob nws nyob rau hauv koj lub vaj zajlus. Kev saib xyuas nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj heev, tab sis cov nroj tsuag yog thermophilic heev. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob sim loj hlob nws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas lig frosts.
Kev piav qhia dav dav
Cov almond yog ib tsob ntoo loj lossis tsob ntoo me me ntawm tsev neeg Rosaceae, uas ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 4-6 m. Blooms ntxov, feem ntau nyob rau lub Ob Hlis lossis Plaub Hlis. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov ntoo almond zoo tib yam yog qhov txaus nyiam heev. Paj liab liab liab litter cov ceg ntev ntawm tsob ntoo. Thaum lub sij hawm paj poob, thawj nplooj pib tshwm. Almond txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav nyob rau lub Xya Hli lossis Lub Yim Hli.
Habitats
Nws yog dav nyob rau hauv Caucasus thiab Central Asia. Feem ntau almond loj hlob feem ntau nyob rau hauv rocky Riverbeds, qhuav screes. Cov nroj tsuag no tau cog rau hauv Central Asia, Caucasus thiab Crimea. Muaj ob hom almonds - iab thiab qab zib. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib daim ntawv zoo nkauj uas tsis tshua muaj siab thiab npaj kom loj hlob txawm nyob rau sab qaum teb. Muaj tseeb, nws yuav tawg txaus siab, tab sis nws yuav tsis ua hauj lwm tos rau fruiting. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub hav txwv yeem yog ib qho amazing pom. Nws zoo li yog ntim rau hauv huab cua daj cua dub. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub tsho ci ntsa iab ploj mus, lub hav txwv yeem tawm tawm thiab tseem zoo li qub kom txog thaum txias heev.
siv tsob nroj
Cov almond yog ib tsob nroj tshwj xeeb uas siv tau rau hauv nws tag nrho, los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav mus rau nplooj. Ntoo yog tsim rau cov ntoo, cov pos hniav yog siv los ua kua nplaum, ncuav mog qab zib yog siv los ua zaub mov rau ntshav qab zib thiab hauv cosmetology. Thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam confectionery.
Cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab yog nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab noob. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj yog ib qho khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov nplooj muaj cov carbohydrates, cov organic acids, cov vitamins thiab fatty roj. Lub almond nws tus kheej thiab nws cov derivatives muaj analgesic thiab hemostatic, sedative thiab anticonvulsant teebmeem. Nws raug pom zoo kom siv los ntawm cov niam thiab cov menyuam yaus uas xav tau, ncaws pob thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev ntxhov siab rau lub cev thiab lub hlwb. Niaj hnub no, peb tab tom pib siv ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv. Qhov no yooj yim: Kuv noj ib ntsiav tshuaj thiab tau txais ntau cov vitamins. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias lawv feem ntau yog hluavtaws, thaum almonds muab rau koj ua tiav cov vitamins thiabcov ntsiab lus.
Nyob hauv vaj
Cov almond feem ntau yog siv dav hauv horticulture. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, muaj ob hom, yog li koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum yuav cov noob. Yog tias koj cog iab iab ua ke nrog cov qab zib, koj yuav tau tos 4-5 xyoos kom txog thaum koj tau txais thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab paub koj qhov yuam kev.
Kev saib xyuas cov almonds, daim duab uas koj pom tam sim no, tsis nyuaj heev. Yog li ntawd, lub siab xav cog nws nyob rau hauv koj lub vaj teb yog heev ua tau. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo, nws nce mus txog 4-6 meters hauv qhov siab, thiab qee zaum loj hlob hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo qhuav, tsis pub tshaj 2 meters.
Ntawm no yog lub sijhawm uas txhua tus neeg ua liaj ua teb yuav tsum paub yog tias nws xav tau qoob loo nplua nuj. Lub almond bud yog pw nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Lub sijhawm no, cov nroj tsuag siv lub zog ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob, yog li lub buds yuav luag tsis loj hlob. Tom qab sau pob zeb txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov txheej txheem yuav mus ntxiv intensively. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis ua kom puas lub buds thaum sau. Lawv tau pom zoo heev thaum Lub Yim Hli - Cuaj Hli.
Cov almond yog cov nroj tsuag gymnosperm, cov qhua tuaj ntawm cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb. Tab sis nws tsis yog li ntawd ntau ntawm sissy. Thaum lub caij ntuj no dormancy, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem zam lub sijhawm luv luv hauv qhov kub thiab txias mus rau -20 degrees. Thaum -22 ° C, ib nrab ntawm tag nrho lub raum tuag. Kev poob qis hauv qhov kub txog -24 ° C yuav ua rau tuag ntawm 90-100% ntawm ob lub raum.
Ntau zaus, cov neeg ua teb zoo siab qhia cov duab ntawm cov almonds,uas tau cog ua ntej lawv yug los thiab tseem txaus siab nrog cov qoob loo zoo. Tseeb tiag, tsob ntoo zoo nkauj no tuaj yeem nyob txog 80 xyoo.
qhov chaw loj hlob
tsob ntoo no nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv neeg laus tsis zam kev hloov pauv zoo. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum nrhiav ib qho chaw haum rau nws tam sim ntawd. Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov almonds yog nqa tawm thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum tag nrho thaj chaw dawb thiab koj tuaj yeem xav txog qhov twg tsob ntoo tshiab yuav loj hlob. Nws yuav loj hlob txawm nyob rau hauv av nplaum av. Tab sis nws ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub teeb, fertile thiab zoo-drained av.
Tab sis nws yuav tsis loj hlob ntawm cov av nplaum hnyav. Ntsev thaj tsam tsis haum nws thiab. Nrog rau cov ntsiab lus chlorine siab, cov yub yuav tuag hauv ob peb lub hlis. Cov cheeb tsam uas hnyav av yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd. Cov noob yuav tsis loj hlob.
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm botanical ntawm cov almonds ua rau nws pom tseeb tias cov nroj tsuag no yog drought tolerant. Tab sis yog tias tsis muaj dej txaus rau lub neej, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cia siab tias yuav loj hlob. Ntsuab loj yog cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej noo, thiab yog tias nws tsis txaus, ces cov nplooj yuav poob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Rau Hli. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo kub, irrigation yog yuav tsum tau. Nrog txaus noo noo, nplooj tseem pheej mus thoob plaws lub caij loj hlob. Foliage yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, nws dhau los ua cov txheej txheem photosynthesis. Yog li ntawd, nws poob yuav ua rau poob ntawm ib feem ntawm cov qoob loo. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm generative buds thiab xyoo tom ntej lub sau yog deteriorated.
Nov yog tsob ntoo photophilous heev. Tsis txhob sim cog nws hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo. NtawmTsis muaj lub teeb sharply txo cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob thiab tsim khoom. Ntawd yog, qhov sib thooj ntawm cov tsev loj thiab lwm cov nroj tsuag vaj yuav tsis zoo rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tab sis txawm tias nws tus kheej lub kaus mom tuaj yeem dhau los ua kev cuam tshuam yog tias nws tsis tau thinned tawm. Yog hais tias koj tsis nqa tawm tsis tu ncua pruning, ces cov nroj tsuag yuav tig mus rau hauv ib tug dab tuag Bush nrog me me los yog tsis muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas raws sijhawm rau cog yog xav tau tsis yog rau cov nroj tsuag xwb, tab sis kuj rau koj. Los ntawm txoj kev, yog tias koj ua cov txheej txheem no txhua xyoo, ces nws yuav tsis siv sij hawm ntau. Nws yog txaus kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov kab mob, tawg thiab puas tua.
Almond propagation
Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso, almonds yog propagated los ntawm noob. Vegetative propagation tso cai rau koj kom txuag tau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov xeeb ntxwv tom ntej. Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov almonds feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov cag ntoo. Thiab cov Tshuag rau qhov no yog muab los ntawm cov noob iab.
Yog li, thawj kauj ruam yog cog cov noob. Ua li no, cov noob yuav tsum tau sown hauv grooves 8-10 cm tob, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yog 10-12 cm, txog li 50 cm yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm kab, xyoo tom ntej, los ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lawv yuav sprout ua ke. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau dej thiab loosen cov av, saib xyuas ntawm seedlings. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj, cov ceg qis yog txiav mus rau hauv ib lub nplhaib. Thaum lub thickness ntawm qia ncav cuag 1 cm, lawv yog npaj rau budding. Cov txheej txheem no qhia txog kev cog qoob loo nrog cov noob qoob loo ntawm ntau yam xaiv.
cog almonds
Nyob rau xyoo ob, cov yub tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv lub vaj. cog yog qhov zoo tshaj plawstsim nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Txij li thaum almonds loj hlob hauv huab cua sov, koj tuaj yeem cog rau lub caij ntuj no. Gardeners nco ntsoov tias nyob rau lub sij hawm no lub seedlings noj paus zoo dua. Tab sis rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tawm hauv cov txheej txheem no yog categorically tsis pom zoo.
Yam tsawg kawg 3-4 qhov sib txawv pollinated ntau yam yuav tsum tau cog rau ntawm lub vaj vaj. Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, ces tsawg kawg yog ob hom. Qhov no txawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov neeg nyob ze kuj muaj almond bushes nyob rau hauv lawv cov phiaj xwm. Txhawm rau cog, koj yuav tsum npaj qhov tsaws ua ntej. Nws qhov tob txog li 60 cm, thiab nws qhov dav txog li 70 cm. Cov chiv yuav tsum tau siv ua ntej cog. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv yuav yog 6 kg ntawm rotted manure thiab 0.5 kg ntawm superphosphate. Tom qab cog, nco ntsoov dej cov noob, siv tsawg kawg ib lub thoob dej rau lawv txhua tus.
Yuav kom tau qoob loo zoo, koj yuav tsum ua qhov no tsis tu ncua. Tab sis nws tsis yog cog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm paj zoo nkauj. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov almonds yog cov nplua nuj thiab ntau yam. Cov no yog cov rog thiab carbohydrates, ntau cov protein, vitamins thiab amino acids. Lub crown ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tsob ntoo yuav tsum pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob xyoo tom qab cog. Ua ntej, qia qhov siab yog txiav txim siab, thiab tag nrho cov tua uas loj hlob hauv qab no qhov siab yog txiav kom ze rau lub cev li sai tau.
Lub kaus mom yog tsim los ntawm cov tua uas nyob saum thawj ceg. Qhov no yog ua raws li hauv qab no. Raws li tus thib ob skeletal ceg, koj yuav tsum tau noj ib tug tua uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub opposite kev taw qhia ntawm nws. Qhov thib peb skeletal ceg yog tsim los ntawm tua, uas yog nyobnruab nrab ntawm lawv. Qhov thib plaub yuav tsum mus rau hauv kev coj rov qab mus rau nws. Tag nrho lwm cov tua uas loj hlob ntawm lawv raug txiav tawm.
Plant care
Thaum thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, lub hav txwv yeem nce me ntsis. Qhov no yog ib qho yooj yim piav qhia, txij li thaum lub hauv paus system raug puas tsuaj thaum khawb thiab kev thauj mus los. Nws tsis nquag ua nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev muab cov av nrog cov as-ham. Yog li ntawd, thaum thawj xyoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau dej txhua 10 hnub. Thaum cov av nyob rau hauv lub cev lub voj voog dries tawm, nws yuav tsum tau loosened los ntawm 10 cm.
Pub mis yog xaiv tau raws li koj twb tau ntxiv cov organic rau hauv lub qhov cog. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias lub hav txwv yeem xav tau nitrogen ntau. Yog li ntawd, thawj hnub ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv 200 g ntawm ammonium nitrate rau txhua tsob nroj. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua thaum lub sij hawm irrigation. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog thaj tsam ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv lub vaj. Rau thawj tsib xyoos, agrotechnicians pom zoo kom loj hlob zaub los yog fodder nroj tsuag ntawm kab. Qhov no yog qhov zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov almonds.
Kev tu cov nroj tsuag hluas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, vim tias tam sim no cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov yas raug tsim. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm watering thiab tswj cov nroj tsuag. Yog tias koj pom tias cov nroj tsuag tau tso tseg kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntxhia ntxiv. Nws yog ib qho sib xyaw ntawm 100 g ntawm nitrogen thiab poov tshuaj thiab 200 g ntawm phosphorus ib tsob nroj. Almond bushes tuaj rau hauv fruition rau 4 xyoo. Txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19 xyoos, lawv yuav nce qoob loo txhua xyoo.
Dab tsi yog cov txiaj ntsig almondscommon
Pharmacognosy, uas yog, kev tshawb fawb tshuaj uas kawm cov tshuaj tau los ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm, tau ntev thiab mob siab kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm almonds. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no, uas suav tias yog txiv ntoo, yog cov pab zoo rau ntshav qab zib thiab ntshav qab zib, rau ntshav qab zib.
Almonds muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub plab zom mov. Nws normalizes lub acidity ntawm digestive kua txiv, yog siv los normalize lub siab thiab spleen. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj zoo rau mob taub hau, migraines thiab insomnia. Nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj, almond kernels yog dav paub tias yog ib tug antitussive. Nws muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab almond roj. Nws muaj cov nyhuv expectorant thiab anti-inflammatory, normalizes plab hnyuv ua haujlwm.
Almonds tseem yuav muab kev txhawb nqa zoo rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub. Lawv yuav tsum tau txais cov vitamin E thiab magnesium txaus, calcium thiab zinc, phosphorus thiab hlau txhua hnub. Tsuas yog cov microelements no muaj ntau thiab muaj nyob rau hauv qab drupes.
Siv qhov xaus
Common Almond GF yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg ua teb uas nyob hauv huab cua sov. Lub bushes yog heev huv si, thiab kuj zoo nkauj thaum lub sij hawm flowering. Tab sis qhov saj thiab khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov tseem ceeb dua. Yog tias koj xav npaj almonds rau tag nrho lub caij rau koj tsev neeg, ces nws yuav txaus los cog 3-4 bushes. Thaum lawv ncav cuag kev loj hlob puv ntoob (txog li 18 xyoo), ces cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav muaj ntau. Tab sis kev xaiv raurealization ntawm almonds yog txaus. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, bushes yog kiag li unpretentious. Txawm tias koj tsis muaj sijhawm los ywg dej thiab nroj tsuag, nws yuav tsis tua lawv.
