Cov nplaum nplaum qhuav tau ntev tsim ib ntu hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, uas tau nthuav dav txhua xyoo vim muaj cov khoom tshiab. Qhov no yog vim ob qho tib si rau qhov kev thov siab rau cov kev daws teeb meem nruab nrab thiab kev txhim kho zoo ntawm cov khoom siv polymer tshiab, uas tso cai rau cov tuam txhab ua tiav kev sim nrog kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov no yog cov nplais nplaum, uas txawv ntawm cov cement zoo tib yam hauv cov nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom ntxiv thiab cov hloov kho.
Tseem sib xyaw rau cov vuas
Tus txheej txheem hauv tsev tswj hwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw no tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv xyoo 2015. Qhov no yog GOST R 56387 tus qauv, uas, tshwj xeeb, tau pom zoo cov cai rau cov khoom sib xyaw raws li cov cement thiab ntxhia binders. Yog li ntawd, nrog rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws xaiv ntawm cov nplaum rau cov vuas, nws raug nquahu kom xa mus rau qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev ua tau zoo,tshaj tawm hauv GOST. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg tsim khoom tau hloov mus rau tus qauv no, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account, yog tias tsuas yog vim li cas cov khoom siv hluavtaws niaj hnub no rau kev sib xyaw hauv tsev yog deb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig.
Tsis tas li, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yuav muaj kev txaus siab rau nws qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua peb pawg nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov:
- С0 - haum rau tso cov ntaub ntawv pobzeb nrog cov dej nqus coefficient los ntawm qhov hnyav tshaj 5%. Hauv kev xyaum, nws tsuas yog siv hauv tsev xwb.
- C1 yog ib qho khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb tsim nyog rau sab nrauv thiab sab hauv cladding. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem no suav nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm.
- C2 kuj yog cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis nrog cov khoom zoo "ua haujlwm" ntau dua.
Txawm cov neeg paub txog veneers nco ntsoov tias nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kom tsom mus rau qhov cim no nkaus xwb, vim tias nws muaj cai. Txawm li cas los xij, chav dej qab nthab pobzeb nplaum, piv txwv li, yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws xaiv los ntawm C2 tsev neeg, vim nws cov khoom tuav tuav yuav zoo dua rau cov hom C0. Conversely, kim C2 tebchaw yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau phab ntsa uas tsis raug hem los ntawm tej yam tsis zoo sab nraud.
yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov nplaum nplaum yuav tshwm sim lawv tus kheej thaum thiab tom qab tso. Ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm binder durability yog plam tsis kam. Deformation thiab zuag qhia tag nrhoqhov kev hloov ntawm cov qauv ntawm txheej ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb qhov sib tov liquefies sai npaum li cas. Qhov no yog cov cuab yeej thixotropic uas txiav txim siab qhov nyiam ntawm cov mortar nteg kom plam. Cov khoom zoo sib xyaw ua kom cov pobzeb sib xyaw tsis pub dhau 0.2 hli, thaum cov khoom pheej yig khaws cia ntawm 0.5 hli.
Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso, lub sijhawm teeb tsa kuj tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm nteg sib tov tswj kev ua hauj lwm zoo (tenacity). Qhov nruab nrab, lub sijhawm no yog 30-40 teev, yog tias koj npaj yuav siv cov nplais nplaum rau ntawm thaj chaw loj, ces nws yuav yog qhov tsim nyog rau nteg nyob rau hauv nyias seem. Tab sis txawm tias tom qab kev teeb tsa, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub sijhawm. Txawm tias tom qab tso cov khoom, 10-20 feeb nyob twj ywm rau qhov ua tau ntawm kev kho txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov pobzeb yam tsis muaj deformation loj ntawm cov qauv nplaum tsim.
Epoxy pobzeb nplaum
Tus nqi kim tshaj, tab sis kuj yog qhov kev xaiv nrov tshaj plaws rau kev siv hauv tsev. Nrog kev pab los ntawm xws li compositions, txhim khu kev qha adhesion rau saum npoo ntawm ob lub teeb yuag thiab hnyav cladding yog guaranteed. Raws li rau tus nqi, raws li qhov nruab nrab suav, epoxy nplaum rau cov vuas ceramic raug nqi 1000-1500 rubles. in volume per 1 m2. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, tus nqi ntawm ib tug binder yuav muab piv rau cov nqi ntawm cov pobzeb pob zeb.
Yuav ua li cas them rau cov nqi siab? Kev ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev muaj zog, te tiv thaiv thiab kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm shrinkage ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los npaj cov coatings ruaj nyob hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev tiv thaiv noo noo ua rau nws siv taumuaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrog ib tug siab coefficient ntawm av noo - piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub chav ua noj thiab hauv chav dej. Hauv cov lus nug txog cov nplais nplaum twg tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov chaw pej xeem, cov lus teb kuj tseem yuav pom tseeb - epoxy. Kev vibration loads, siab abrasion, poob siab thiab siab los ntawm loads yog ib qho teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau zam los ntawm subway cladding, railway davhlau ya nyob twg ntaiv, ntau lawm halls, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, kev siv cov porcelain stoneware ua ke nrog epoxy nplaum yuav ua kom pom tseeb.
Dispersion nplaum
Ib pawg pheej yig dua ntawm cov khoom sib txuas uas tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov nruab nrab, tus nqi ntawm cov kua nplaum rau cov vuas ntawm hom no yog 1000-1300 rubles. rau 5kg. Ntawd yog, 1 m2 yuav raug nqi 500-600 rubles. Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias qhov txo qis ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov ntawv khi tsis zoo (raws li qhov zoo ntawm cladding). Tab sis nws tsis yog txhua yam phem.
Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khoom sib cais thaum tso cov khoom siv pobzeb rau ntawm qhov tsis sib xws thiab deformed. Cov qauv hloov tau yooj yim ntawm cov nplaum ua rau cov pores tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm lub hauv paus, uas ua rau cov nplaum ua haujlwm. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis kam rau dynamic loads. Cov qauv yas thiab ntoo tuaj yeem coated nrog cov khoom sib xws yam tsis muaj kev ntshai tias kev vibrations nrog kev txav me me yuav rhuav tshem cov ntawv cog lus nrog kev ua tiav.
Raws li qhov tsis zoo, lawv tau hais nyob rau hauv kev txwv ntawm kev siv cov sib tov sib xyaw ua ke nrog rau cov hauv paus pob zeb. Tsis txhob siv qhov kev xaiv binder nothiab thaum tso "pobzeb ntawm pobzeb". Pobzeb nplaum nyob rau hauv xws li mob yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog tsawg kawg yog ib tug cement primer. Piv txwv li, muaj ib pab pawg sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke uas muab kev ruaj ntseg adhesion ntawm lub hauv paus, cov nplaum txheej thiab cov cladding.
Cement compositions
Cov khoom siv pheej yig tshaj plaws muaj hnub no. Thiab tsis txhob confuse xws compositions nrog cement li xws li. Lub hauv paus, tau kawg, yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xuab zeb-cement, tab sis cov txuj ci thiab lub cev zoo tau hloov kho los ntawm kev suav nrog cov latex, polymers thiab ntau yam plasticizers. Ib txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm additives yog txiav txim los ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab tej yam kev mob ntawm nteg.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov cement puag hnub no yog dab tsi? Ntxiv rau tus nqi qis ntawm cov pobzeb nplaum nplaum (25 kg rau 1000-1300 rubles), nws yooj yim siv, thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab kub tsis kam. Tab sis qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw saum toj no tuaj yeem hu ua kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig. Rau kev tso rau hauv thaj chaw nyob, cement nplaum yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog niaj hnub formulations yog nce ua nrog hypoallergenic additives thiab tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov tshuaj phem modifiers.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov tsis zoo, tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv rau dynamic loads thiab ib tug nyiam plam tuaj yeem hais txog. Tab sis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thib peb, cov cement binders tuaj yeem tuav tau hnyav cladding. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tau cov kua nplaum rau cov vuas qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev, koj tuaj yeem muab qhov kev nyiam rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lwm qhov yog qhov ntawdcov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hauv paus kuj yuav tsum tau muab coj mus rau hauv tus account. Nws tsis pom zoo kom nteg cov kua nplaum rau ntawm ntoo thiab yas yam tsis muaj cov primer tshwj xeeb.
Kev xaiv raws lub hom phiaj
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw tso ntawm lawv tus kheej feem ntau txiav txim siab seb qhov twg ntawm cov nplaum nplaum muaj nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, cov vuas feem ntau siv hauv chav dej. Ceramics yog insensitive rau ya raws, yooj yim los ntxuav thiab tso cai rau koj los tsim ib tug thawj tsim style. Moisture-resistant quick-hardening mixs yog haum rau tej lub hom phiaj - piv txwv li, Ceresit CM 14-16 pobzeb nplaum. Yog hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog thiab tsis kam mus rau txhua yam kev ntxhov siab, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov khoom siv polymer-based.
Ib zaj dab neeg tshwj xeeb yog txuam nrog facade coatings, uas raug rau tag nrho cov yam tsis zoo, xws li nag lossis daus, cua, Frost, UV rays, thiab lwm yam. Rau phab ntsa cladding sab nraud, sib tov ntawm kev txhim kho ntxiv tuaj yeem siv tau. Nws yog ntshaw tias tus nqi ntawm adhesion nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv siab tsis tsawg tshaj li 1.4 MPa. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau tsis tsuas yog los kho cov façade nrog cov vuas, tab sis siv cov ntawv loj loj hnyav rau qhov no.
Ib txoj hauv kev uas tsis yog tus qauv los muab kev cog lus nrog rau saum npoo yog muab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polyvinyl chloride. Cov nplaum nplaum zoo tshaj plaws rau cov vuas PVC yog cov khoom sib xyaw polymer uas kho tau sai thiab muaj adhesion siab. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov vuas vuas yooj yim los yog laminated panels feem ntau tsim nrog cov nplaum nplaum rau sab nraub qaum, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb raustyling.
Yuav siv cov kua nplaum ntau npaum li cas?
Raws li txoj cai dav dav rau kev suav cov khoom sib xyaw uas yuav tsum tau nteg 1 m2 ntawm cov khoom siv pobzeb, ntau lub tuam txhab xav kom pib los ntawm txheej tuab ntawm 1 hli. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem tsis ncaj ncees lawm, vim tias daim duab yog qhov xwm txheej thiab, nyob ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cladding, nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Kev suav los ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov hniav spatula yog qhov tseeb dua. Thiab ntawm no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los teb cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas muab cov vuas nplaum rau ntawm phab ntsa kom ntseeg tau tias cov nplaum nplaum zoo tshaj plaws? Ntawm chav kawm, tav los yog nthwv dej yog tsim nrog spatula raws txheej txheej, yog li thawj cov thickness ntawm daim ntawv thov poob tag nrho cov ntsiab lus. Qhov nruab nrab, qhov ntev ntawm tus hniav yog 6-12 hli. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau cov lus qhia rau kev noj cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg. Piv txwv li, nrog cov hniav qhov siab ntawm 6 hli thiab cov nplaum txheej thickness ntawm 2 hli, qhov kev pom zoo noj yuav yog 3-3.2 kg / m2.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm fitting thiab kho lub hauv ob sab phlu, lub sib tov yoj yuav smoothed tawm. Yog li ntawd, lub ntim ntawm masonry yuav nce. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov nplaum rau cov vuas ib 1m2 yog 5-6 kg. Qhov no yog ib qho kev ntim khoom ib txwm, cov ntsiab lus uas, txawm li cas los xij, tuaj yeem diluted nrog dej thiab tau txais lub ntim loj dua. Tab sis xws li kev dag ntxias yuav tsum tau siv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev tso rau ntawm phab ntsa hauv kev ua haujlwm, thaum tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem.
Yuav ua li cas nplaum cov vuas kom raug?
Cov haujlwm ua haujlwm suav nrog ntau theem, cov khoom sib txawv ntawm qhov yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa. Ib qho kev qhia zoo liyog li:
- Npaj lub hauv paus. Lub hom phiaj saum npoo yog ntxuav los ntawm av, plua plav, roj thiab roj stains. Qhov tsis sib xws me me yog them nrog tib cov kua nplaum, thiab cov loj loj (nrog rau qhov tob ntawm 5 mm lossis ntau dua) yuav tsum tau primed.
- Kev npaj kua nplaum. Qhov sib tov qhuav yog diluted nrog dej huv ntawm qhov kub zoo ntawm 15-20 ° C. Ua ntej, dej yog poured rau hauv ib lub ntim ntawm ib tug haum ntim, thiab ces cov kua nplaum puag yog maj mam poured. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los do cov muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog kev tsim khoom sib tov kom txog thaum lub homogeneous loj tsim.
- Tau qhov sib tov. Cov nplaum yog siv nrog ib tug notched trowel thiaj li hais tias ib tug comb nto yog tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tuab ntawm txheej thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, yuav ua li cas muab cov vuas luaj rau ntawm phab ntsa? Ua ntej, ib txheej me me ntawm binder muaj pes tsawg leeg 4-6 mm tuab yog pw nrog spatula. Tom qab ntawd ib kab ntawm cov khoom siv pobzeb yog tsau nrog me ntsis siab. Tom qab tso txhua kab, qhov tseeb ntawm nws qhov chaw raug kuaj xyuas. Rau lub qab nthab nteg, tshwj xeeb tuav cov qauv yog siv kom cov vuas tsis poob thaum lub sij hawm installation, thiab rau pem teb nteg, tuab txheej ntawm kua nplaum yuav tsum tau siv mus txog 12 hli.
- Kev sib tw. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem pib tsuas yog tom qab lub binder hardened. Yog li, cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm pobzeb nplaum Ceresit, thaum tso universal mixs, xav kom tos 24 teev tom qab kev teeb tsa tiav. Thiab ceev-hardening compounds tau txais lub zog txaus nrog kev npaj rau grouting tom qab 3 teev.
Top Producers
Tus thawj coj tsis sib cavNyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam ntawm qhuav tsev sib tov yog cov saum toj no-hais hom Ceresit. Nyob rau hauv lub npe no, muaj polymer, acrylic, xis mas thiab universal ceev-kom qhuav compositions rau nteg vuas ntawm ntau hom. Piv txwv li, cov nplaum nplaum nplaum nplaum "Ceresit SM 17", tsom rau kev tso rau hauv chav dej, yog nrov heev. Nws yog noo noo resistant, qib uas tso cai rau hauv ob sab phlu txawm nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke.
Ceresit cov neeg sib tw ncaj qha suav nrog Litokol. Nyob rau hauv nws assortment, mixs rau nteg loj-hom vuas yog nyob rau hauv siab thov. Piv txwv li, ib tug tuab-txheej mortar Litofloor K66 yuav tso cai rau koj mus nteg porcelain stoneware ntawm ib tug terrace, nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev los yog txoj kev hauv tsev.
Yog tias koj xav ua kom tiav nrog cov vuas clinker thaum tuav cov cua sov, ces nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab tig mus rau Bergauf Keramik Termo compositions. Cov chaw tsim khoom pom zoo cov nplaum no rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj qhov cub thiab qhov chaw ze rau cov khoom siv cua sov. Cov khoom Weber-Vetonit kuj tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb. Qhov chaw tsim khoom no, tshwj xeeb, muab cov nplaum zoo tshaj plaws rau cov vuas nteg rau ntawm plywood, phab ntsa ntub dej thiab lwm qhov chaw yooj yim. Qhov no yog Profi Plus compound, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm ob qho tib si nce adhesion thiab tsis kam rau deformation.
Zaj lus
Technologists koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov tsev sib xyaw niaj hnub no muab cov khoom sib xyaw uas tsis tau muaj dua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo dua ntawm cov khoom siv thiab lub cev ntawm cov nplaum, qhov nyuaj dua nws yog tshem nws thaum lub sij hawm dismantling.hauv ob sab phlu. Qhov nuance no kuj yuav tsum tau suav nrog hauv cov txheej txheem xaiv. Cov neeg tsim khoom lawv tus kheej muab los daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev ntxuav cov qub chaw hauv ntau txoj kev. Piv txwv li, txoj kev pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab siv tau yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshem tawm cov pobzeb nplaum nplaum uas tsis xav tau yog siv cov spatulas thiab txhuam hlau tawv. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev, qhov tsis zoo uas suav nrog kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub hauv paus.
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo dua thiab maj mam tshem tawm cov residue ntawm kev tsim cov nplaum yog tshuaj. Muaj kev ntxuav tshwj xeeb, qhov kev txiav txim uas yog los rhuav tshem cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev siv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab. Yog tias txoj haujlwm yog ua kom cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw tsis zoo, tom qab kev raug tshuaj lom neeg nws yog qhov zoo dua los txuas lub kaum sab xis nrog lub ntsej muag lossis lub log. Nws yuav maj mam txhuam qhov chaw, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj loj.
