cov vuas ceramic yog qhov nrov heev thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov khoom siv sijhawm sim. Ntau yam xim thiab textures nyob rau hauv cov khw tshwj xeeb yog txaus siab rau lub qhov muag thiab tib lub sij hawm ua rau nws nyuaj heev rau xaiv. Kab lus no yuav pab koj nkag siab tsis yog tsuas yog cov cim sab nraud ntawm cov vuas, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv.
Definition of concept
Hauv qab pobzeb feem ntau nkag siab tias yog cov khoom tiav ntawm ib qho, feem ntau me me. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov vuas tam sim ntawd tom qab los ntawm qhov no - qhov yooj yim hauv kev ua tiav ntawm cov qauv tsis yog qauv. Cov no tuaj yeem yog "txhaum" cov ces kaum, cov phab ntsa sib npaug, kab thiab lwm hom kev tsim kho qub. Qhov me me ntawm cov khoom, qhov yooj yim dua nws yog ua ib qho kev hloov pauv. Ib lub pobzeb hauv daim ntawv mosaic, piv txwv li, tej zaum yuav siv sij hawm ntau dua, tab sis nws tso cai rau koj ua kom tiav cov duab uas nyuaj tshaj plaws yam tsis tau poob cov nyhuv zoo nkauj.
Cov pobzeb feem ntau peb muajceramic. Ceramics yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog cov av nplaum uas muaj cua sov. Thiab txij li cov av nplaum sib txawv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab cov txheej txheem firing yog tswj nyob rau hauv ntau yam, ceramic vuas muaj ntau yam. Hom pobzeb ceramic tuaj yeem raug cais tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov pobzeb yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov yam ntxwv, muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj sab nraud. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim thaum yuav khoom, nws yog qhov kawg uas txiav txim siab xaiv. Yog li ntawd, kev faib tawm yuav ua ntej raws li cov ntsuas sab nraud. Yog li, hom vuas yog raws li nram no:
- glazed;
- nrog qhov tsis sib xws (rustic);
- porous;
- tsis ua haujlwm.
Qhov txawv ntawm kev kho cua sov txiav txim siab ob txoj hauv kev hauv qab no. Cov vuas raug rho tawm ob npaug yog tsim los ntawm kev tua hluav taws ua ntej ntawm lub hauv paus ceramic ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd ua ke nrog cov ntaub ntawv glaze. Qhov no, txoj kev laus tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov qauv ntxeem tau. Kev saib tshiab - ib leeg-tshem tawm cov vuas luaj ceramic. Ua kom cov khoom zoo, cov av nplaum sib tov yog qhuav thiab nias rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem glazing thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd, ntawm ib zaug, cov nplais raug rho tawm haujlwm.
Sizes
Vim li cas cov vuas tuaj rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg? Nws paub tias rau cov kev xaiv phab ntsa muaj cov kab ntawm cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab rau cov kev xaiv hauv pem teb muaj lwm yam. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias xws li qhov ntev li 30x30, 45x45 cm yog ntuj rau hauv pem teb, ces rau phab ntsa vuas qhov luaj li cas.tuaj yeem pib ntawm 5x5 thiab 10x10 cm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov qauv ntawm cov vuas luaj ceramic yuav yog 15x20, 20x20 thiab 20x25 cm. Qhov loj dua qhov loj ntawm cov khoom, qhov loj dua ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem npog tib lub sijhawm. Ntawm qhov tsis txaus, nws tsim nyog xav txog qhov xav tau ntau ntxiv rau qhov chaw thov pobzeb, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov loj me (60x120 cm) - cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
tseem ceeb tsis muaj
Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov vuas rau phab ntsa lossis hauv pem teb npog kom paub ntau ntxiv, nws yuav tsum paub ntau qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom raws li qhov ua tau. Dab tsi tsis yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv? Xav txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv ntu:
- Lub zog. Nws suab tsis zoo, tab sis qhov siab dua lub zog, qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom xaiv yuav kav ntev.
- Hnav tsis kam. Cov vuas tuaj yeem ua tau ntev heev, tab sis yog tias lawv sai sai poob lawv cov hniav zoo nkauj, koj tseem xav hloov lawv. Qhov no muaj tseeb tshwj xeeb rau hauv pem teb lossis paving.
- Elasticity. Ib qho tseem ceeb parameter hais txog qhov chaw hauv pem teb. Lub pobzeb elastic ntau tuaj yeem rov qab tau tom qab cov nyhuv deforming. Rigid, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsis khoov txhua qhov thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav.
- Ntsuag. Yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim cov pas dej, chav dej thiab da dej. Cov nplais pobzeb uas muaj cov nplais pobzeb yog cov nplaum tsawg vim lawv nqus tau qee qhov dej.
- Thermal conductivity. Cov khoom siv ceramic ua kom sov zoo heev. Cov pobzeb heats sai sai, txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm nws txias sai li sai tau. Yog li ntawd, nws tau ntse siv ua ke nrog cov cua sov hauv qab.
Ntau yam ntawm cov vuas luaj
Vuas ua los ntawm ceramics muaj tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau txheej txheej. Ceramic vuas, yam ntxwv, hom thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv hais txog uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv pej xeem sau, yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws. Yuav pib nrog, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov, pem teb thiab phab ntsa vuas yog txawv. Ib pawg cais yuav tsum suav nrog ceramics rau chav dej, qhov twg muaj cov av noo siab. Xws li cov vuas yuav tsum muaj zog tiv thaiv kom ya raws thiab chav thiab tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias. Kev hnav tsis kam kuj tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj.
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tsis xws li lub zog, yoog raws, hnav tsis kam thiab tsis plam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau hauv pem teb. Thaum ntxuav hauv pem teb, cov tshuaj aggressive feem ntau siv. Yog li ntawd, cov vuas ceramic yuav tsum muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws rau lawv. Phab ntsa cladding muaj kev ntxhov siab tsawg, cov nyhuv zoo nkauj thiab cov txheej txheem zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no. Cov vuas phab ntsa yuav tsum yooj yim los ntxuav thiab ua kom lawv zoo li qub.
Kev sib txawv ntawm kev tsim khoom yog tus yuam sij rau ntau haiv neeg
Los ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom, cov vuas hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- ceramic granite yog cov pobzeb ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus neeg hauv tsev neeg. Cov khoom no tseem muaj zog dua granite. Vim yog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim khoom, nws muaj cov khoom xws li Frost tsis kam, tsis tshua muaj dej nqus, cov npoo loj ntawm kev puas tsuaj;
- bicottour likeRaws li lub npe implies, nws yog raug rau ob firing, uas yog vim li cas nws yog heev ntxeem tau. Haum rau qhov chaw qhuav. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej, ob qho tib si glossy thiab matte, nws muaj qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj;
- nias, lossis extruded, tau los ntawm molding los ntawm cov hmoov nyob rau hauv siab. Nws muaj peev xwm ua tau tag nrho cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg;
- clinker muaj qhov ntom ntom, txawm hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg yog qhov sib txawv thiab suav nrog ntau hom av nplaum thiab cov khoom ntxiv;
- faience - ib qho khoom tsim los ntawm kev tua ob zaug ntawm qhov ntom ntom, feem ntau yog av nplaum dawb thiab npog nrog txheej glaze.
Cov hom vuas, cov duab uas nyob hauv cov ntawv, yog cov nyiam tshaj plaws.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov vuas ceramic
Yog tias koj tseem muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog seb puas yuav siv cov ceramics rau cladding, xav txog qee qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom:
1. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam xim, textures thiab cov duab nrog cov npoo loj ntawm lub zog thiab ntom. Kev tsim cov vuas luaj ceramic ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom siv zoo ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm, txawm tias dhau granite hauv lub zog. Thiab muaj peev xwm sib tov ntau hom av nplaum thiab siv ntau hom glazes muab ntau yam zoo kawg.
2. Inert qualities ntawm cov khoom rau tshuaj, uas tso cai rau koj mus ntxuav cov vuas los ntawm ib tug txhais tau tias.
3. Eco-phooj ywg muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ceramic nws tus kheej yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim. Yog li ntawd, cov vuas los ntawm nws tsis ua mob rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg noj qab haus huv.
4. Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws. Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv thermal conductivity siab, cov pobzeb, thaum rhuab, tsis hlawv lossis txawm smolder.
5. Hluav taws xob insulator. Ceramic vuas tsis yog-conductive.
paving slabs thiab nws cov nta
Vim li no hu ua paving slabs yog siv los npog txoj kev. Txawm hais tias nyias cov hniav zoo nkauj ceramics tau txaus rau lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov chaw, qhib qhov chaw hais kom sib txawv kiag li. Thawj yog qhov tuab. Yog li ntawd, lub npe "paving pob zeb" los ntawm lo lus "beam" tshwm. Qhov tseeb, cov no yog cov cib me me uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm tias lub tsheb thauj khoom tuaj yeem tsav tau yooj yim ntawm kev taug kev.
Ntau hom paving pob zeb yog vim muaj ntau yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg thiab ntau txoj kev. Hom paving slabs yuav txawv li cas? Muaj nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg:
1. Rectangular, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib:
- rau qhov loj, piv txwv li 300x300, 400x400 lossis txawm 500x500 mm;
- me me nrog qhov ntev tsawg dua 250x250 mm.
2. Daim ntawv Indefinite.
Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj footpaths hauv lub tiaj ua si, nrog rau hauv cov phiaj xwm ntawm tus kheej. Vim muaj cov duab tshwj xeeb, kev txiav txim siab tsim qauv tuaj yeem ua tau.
Raws li txoj kev tsim khoom, paving slabs, hom thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm qhov sib txawv, tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm vibrocasting lossis vibrocompression. Thawj txoj kev tso cai rau koj kom tau ntau duantau hom, tab sis txawv nyob rau hauv tsawg durability. Vibrocompression, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsim cov pob zeb zoo thiab ruaj khov paving.
Type of tiles
Nyob rau hauv cov nplais ntsej muag nkag siab ntau yam khoom siv, ua hauv qee qhov geometric qhov ntev thiab tsim los npog qhov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev siv cov vuas luaj tsis txwv rau qhov chaw, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Facades ntawm lub tsev, ntau yam laj kab, architectural monuments - nyob rau hauv txoj cai, tsis muaj kev txwv rau cladding.
Tom ntawm cov nplais ntsej muag muaj ntau haiv neeg. Thiab qhov kev xaiv tshaj plaws thiab nrov tshaj plaws yuav yog ceramics tau tham saum toj no. Rau facades, nws yog qhov feem ntau ruaj khov thiab tsis ntxeem tau, nrog txhua qhov loj me. Nws tuaj yeem ua cov pobzeb me me mosaic thiab cov squares loj nrog qhov ntev ntawm 500x500 mm.
Lwm cov pobzeb xaiv
cov vuas ceramic, yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws, qee zaum muab txoj hauv kev rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no siv rau qee hom yas, roj hmab, cork, iav thiab txawm tias ntuj pob zeb. Cia peb ua tib zoo saib seb hom vuas ntxiv rau ceramic:
- Quartz-vinyl. Nws yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm quartz, thiab tus so yog vinyl. Plasticizing additives, stabilizers thiab colorants kuj muaj. Cov pobzeb zoo li no muaj ntau yam zoo: nws tsis ua hluav taws xob thiab cua sov, nws yooj yim los ntxuav los ntawm txhua txoj kev thiab yog cov yas zoo nrog lub zog zoo.
- Yas. Qhov no suav nrog cov vuas ua los ntawm polyvinyl chloride thiab nthuav polystyrene. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv yog lub teeb, hloov tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim los ntxuav.
- Roj Hmab. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau flooring nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab chaw ua hauj lwm thaj chaw. Muaj kev sib txhuam zoo, mos thiab xis nyob rau hauv.
- Cork. Tsis yog feem ntau, tab sis feem ntau cov cua sov thiab suab insulating.
- iav. Cov khoom yog ze rau quartz thiab ceramic - tib yam ruaj thiab tsis muaj dej. Ua los ntawm cov iav khib nyiab thiab pheej yig heev.
Zoo kawg
Raws li nws tau muab tawm, cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub ntsib muaj ntau hom. Tau txiav txim siab ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb rau koj tus kheej, nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov vuas nrog qhov tsim nyog tsis. Qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsuas yog hauv cov ntaub ntawv sab nraud, vim tias tsis muaj leej twg tau tso tseg qhov muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev saj. Yog li muaj kev xaiv zoo!
