Txhim kho cov phab ntsa monolithic: cov txheej txheem rau kev ua haujlwm, txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov formwork thiab nws cov installation, cov lus qhia tshaj lij

Cov txheej txheem:

Txhim kho cov phab ntsa monolithic: cov txheej txheem rau kev ua haujlwm, txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov formwork thiab nws cov installation, cov lus qhia tshaj lij
Txhim kho cov phab ntsa monolithic: cov txheej txheem rau kev ua haujlwm, txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov formwork thiab nws cov installation, cov lus qhia tshaj lij

Video: Txhim kho cov phab ntsa monolithic: cov txheej txheem rau kev ua haujlwm, txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov formwork thiab nws cov installation, cov lus qhia tshaj lij

Video: Txhim kho cov phab ntsa monolithic: cov txheej txheem rau kev ua haujlwm, txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov formwork thiab nws cov installation, cov lus qhia tshaj lij
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Kev siv dag zog monolithic thawj zaug tau siv nyob rau hauv Russia hauv 1802 thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm Tsarskoye Selo Palace. Cov khoom siv yog hlau rods. Monolithic reinforced qhob vaj tse tso cai rau kev tsim vaj tsev nrog ntau theem ntawm complexity thiab configuration. Feem ntau cov tshuab no yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tank, hauv paus, qab nthab, phab ntsa.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm monolithic thav duab thev naus laus zis

Monolithic reinforced phab ntsa muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:

  • ib-thooj seamless kev tsim kho yog muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha, tsis tshuab los ntawm, tsis tsim thermal txuas;
  • smooth, txawm nto tso cai rau koj pib ua tiav yam tsis tau npaj ua ntej;
  • kev tsim kho hauv lub sijhawm luv;
  • monolithic tsev muaj qhov chaw pub dawb;
  • nce kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog ntxiv;
  • complex architectural curvilinear ntsiab thiab arches yog ib qho yooj yim ua.
kev txhawb zog ntawm ib tug monolithicphab ntsa
kev txhawb zog ntawm ib tug monolithicphab ntsa

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov phab ntsa monolithic:

  • pob suab rwb thaiv tsev;
  • yuav tsum tau phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev;
  • Lub peev xwm ntawm pob zeb ua kev vibrations.

Vim li cas thiaj tsim nyog ntxiv?

txhawm rau ua kom lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb thiab txo nws cov khoom kom muaj nuj nqis, kev siv zog ntxiv yog siv. Hauv txoj kev xav, txhua yam khoom siv tuaj yeem ua raws li kev txhawb nqa. Tab sis hauv kev xyaum, steel thiab composite feem ntau yog siv.

Composite yog ib qho khoom siv. Lub hauv paus tuaj yeem yog bas alt lossis carbon fibers, uas tau ntim nrog polymer. Xws li fittings yog lub teeb yuag thiab tsis raug corrosion.

Steel, piv rau cov khoom sib xyaw, muaj zog ntau dua thiab tus nqi qis. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm reinforcing monolithic phab ntsa, raws, ces kaum, I-beams, corrugated thiab du rods yog siv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev tsim cov tsev complex, hlau meshes yog siv los txhawb.

Armature los ntawm cov duab sib txawv. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tus pas nrig. Hauv kev tsim cov tsev qis qis, corrugated rods feem ntau yog siv. Lawv muaj tus nqi qis thiab zoo heev adhesion rau pob zeb, uas ua rau lawv nrov heev ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom. Cov pas hlau siv hauv kev tsim cov qauv monolithic feem ntau muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 12-16 hli.

Nuances of reinforcement

Thaum nws tus kheej txhawb cov phab ntsa monolithic, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:

  • Thaum tsim cov hlau nplaum, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov hlau tuav tshiab, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus lojload.
  • Yog tias pom xeb ntawm cov pas nrig tshiab, tsis txhob tshem tawm. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov adhesion ntawm pob zeb thiab pas nrig.
  • Txiav cov pas nrig, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los siv lub tshuab sib tsoo. Yog hais tias tus pas nrig yuav tsum tau khoov, ces qhov chaw ntawm qhov khoov yog preheated tam sim ntawd ua ntej manipulation nws tus kheej. Tab sis qhov no yog kev poob siab heev. Raws li nrog vuam, cov khoom poob lub zog.
  • Yog cov pob zeb twb tau nchuav rau hauv lub formwork lawm, ces qhov cuab yeej yuav muab tso tsis tau. Yog tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis ua raws li, tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau pib txij thaum pib.
  • Nws tseem tsis tau pom zoo kom ua kom lub zog ntxiv mesh raws qhov ntev lossis qhov siab, vim tias nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav, qhov khoob yuav tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txuas ntxiv. Yog tias qhov kev thauj khoom zoo li no tsis xav tau, ces koj yuav tsum ua cov haujlwm no nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
thawj txheej ntawm pob zeb
thawj txheej ntawm pob zeb

Yuav muaj lub nra hnyav rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm chav nyob hauv qab av. Yog li ntawd, rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub mesh, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov cuab lub zog ntawm tus qauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab cov chav nyob ntawm cov phab ntsa monolithic yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb.

Formwork thiab nws installation

Lub erection ntawm cov phab ntsa monolithic tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm formwork. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais, nws yog ib daim ntawv rau pouring qhob mix. Tus tsim tau muab faib ua ob hom:

  • removable - tshem tawm tom qab cov pob zeb sib tov tau teem;
  • tsis tshem tau - yog ib feem ntawm phab ntsa, muab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv.

Cov qauv siv feem ntau ua los ntawm nthuav polystyrene. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov blocks, uas txuas nrog cov xauv. Styrofoam insulates lub pob zeb txheej thiab ua kom lub suab rwb thaiv tsev.

formwork rau pouring qhob
formwork rau pouring qhob

Kev txhim kho ntawm daim ntawv ruaj khov yog qhov yooj yim heev:

  • Formwork blocks yog nteg rau ntawm cov dej tsis muaj dej ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus hla dhau lawv. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nteg thawj kab ntawm blocks, slopes rau lub qhov rooj thiab khoov ntawm sab hauv phab ntsa yog ua.
  • kab thib ob ntawm cov blocks yuav tsum khawb los ntawm tag nrho cov kab ntsug ntawm thawj kab. Ntawd yog, txoj kev tso yog zoo ib yam li tso cib. Cov xauv uas nyob hauv qab thiab sab saum toj ntawm cov npoo yuav tsum txuas nrog yam tsis muaj qhov khoob.
  • kab thib peb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws yog nyob ntawm nws tias tag nrho cov txheej ntawm cov blocks yog aligned.

Cov khoom siv uas xav tau yog cuam tshuam los ntawm thaj chaw yuav tsum tau nchuav nrog cov pob zeb sib xyaw thiab cov phab ntsa tuab. Qhov muaj pob zeb ntau dua, yuav tsum muaj phab ntsa txhawb ntxiv.

Qhov tseeb, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev suav cov txheej txheem formwork tsis nyuaj. Qhov loj ntawm cov qauv yog xam los ntawm kev faib los ntawm qhov siab thiab qhov dav ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Piv txwv li, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov laug cam rau mounting 1 m3 formwork yog 40-43 daim

Hom styrofoam thaiv qhov ntau thiab tsawg:

  • length - 1.2 m;
  • dav - 25 lossis 30 cm;
  • siab - 25, 30 lossis 40 cm;
  • thickness ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv - 5 cm;
  • txheej phab ntsa tuab - 5 lossis 10 cm.

Txhim kho cov phab ntsa monolithic thiab piers

Qhov feem pua ntawm kev txhawb nqa los ntawm phab ntsa yog li 10%. Rau cov txheej txheem no, siv cov hlau meshes los yog cov thav duab ntxiv (kom nce ntxivzog).

Kev txhawb zog nrog kev txhawb nqa feem ntau ua tau kab rov tav thiab ntsug. Rau qhov no, rods nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 6-8 mm yog siv. Lawv tau teem symmetrically ntawm sab phab ntsa. Kab rov tav rods nrog ntsug sawv daws yuav nyob rau opposite sab phab ntsa yog txuas nrog transverse ties. Xws li kev sib txuas yog xav tau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv buckling ntawm txoj hlua ntsug. Kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm phab ntsa monolithic yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Rau qhov no, nws yog ntshaw kom siv U-shaped clamps. Lawv muab qhov tsim nyog fastening ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab rov tav rods thiab tiv thaiv cov kab ntsug ntawm buckling.

hauv qab daus phab ntsa reinforcement
hauv qab daus phab ntsa reinforcement

Ib phab ntsa yog ib feem ntawm phab ntsa ntawm ob qhov qhib (qhov rais, qhov rooj). Kev txhawb zog ntawm cov piers me me hauv cov phab ntsa monolithic tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm cov meshes tiaj tus mounted ntawm ob sab. Yog tias cov plag tsev yog prefabricated, ces siv cov ncej prefabricated. Cov phab ntsa tiaj tus ntawm thawj qhov muab faib yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog spatial thav duab los ntawm kev sib txuas cov pas nrig.

Ib txwm ua ntu zus rau cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus

Kev txhim kho cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus yog qhov tsim nyog nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub thiab tsis hais lawv qhov tuab. Kev txhawb zog ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus monolithic yog raws li hauv qab no:

  • Kev yuav xaim nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3 hli. Kev txhawb nqa mesh tuaj yeem yuav hauv yob (qhov kev xaiv ntau tshaj plaws). Nws yog nws uas feem ntau siv rau pem teb screed los yog phab ntsa reinforcement.
  • Kev npaj cuab yeej. Feem ntau txaus xaim thiab xaim cutters. Tab sis rab phom rau knitting reinforcement yuav ceev cov txheej txheem ntawm knitting mesh. Nws muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas pib lub broachxov.
  • Cov kev suav tsim nyog tau ua. Nco ntsoov coj mus rau hauv tus account theem ntawm cov dej hauv av thaum xam cov thickness ntawm phab ntsa. Yog hais tias qhov kev txhawb zog ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv qab cov dej hauv av, lub hauv paus slab yuav tsum yog los ntawm 20 cm tuab thiab ntev tshaj li ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm 40 cm. Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj yog raws li nram no: lub thickness ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus nrog rau qhov tob qhov tob 1, 5-2, 5 m tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 20 mus rau 40 cm, thiab cov phab ntsa hauv qab yuav tsis muaj zog, thiab ib tug protrusion tshaj lub tsev contour los ntawm 10 cm tau tso cai.
  • Ntxuav lub formwork. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog kev tshem tawm ntawm lub tsev plua plav thiab av los ntawm cov qauv.
monolithic phab ntsa
monolithic phab ntsa
  • Tshuaj kho cov mesh. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm lub cell. Rau cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus, nws tuaj yeem nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 25-35 cm. Yog li, qhov txuas me me, qhov muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha ntau dua cov mesh. Tab sis cov hlwb tsawg dua 5 cm tsis raug tso cai, vim tias qhov khoob yuav tshwm sim thaum nchuav pob zeb.
  • Txhim kho mesh rau hauv formwork. Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj zog ntawm phab ntsa monolithic yuav ntxiv dag zog nrog lub mesh hauv ob txheej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hlau tsis pub tsawg tshaj 12 hli, thiab lub suab ntawm ob kab rov tav thiab ntsug tsis ntau tshaj 40 cm. Rau kev sib txuas siv ib lub xaim ntawm tib txoj kab uas hla. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev txhawb zog thiab nws cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov phab ntsa ntawm formwork.
  • Tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Cov fittings yuav tsum tau muab tso nruj nreem vertically. Tso cai sib txawv 1-2 mm. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog lub siab ntawm cov av ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus. Qhov chaw raug tuaj yeem kuaj nrog lub tsev lossis qib laser.
  • Muab pob zeb thiab av ncig ntawm phab ntsa. Txhawm rau muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm qhov cuab lub zog, cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb raug ntxiv rau cov pob zeb.

Txhawb kev qhib

Txhua qhov qhib yog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, thaj tsam ntawm qhov rais thiab qhov rooj qhib yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog ntxiv. Yog tias qhov no ua tsis raug, tus qauv yuav tawg thiab deform.

Qhov loj thiab hom qauv hlau los txhawb qhov qhib yog xaiv raws li kev suav tseeb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov kev txwv uas cuam tshuam rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub tsev qauv: cov khoom siv ntawm cov phab ntsa, tus naj npawb ntawm storeys, qhov loj ntawm qhov qhib, hom ntawm lub hauv paus, qhov hnyav ntawm lub ru tsev.

hauv qab daus
hauv qab daus

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txhawb kev qhib hauv phab ntsa monolithic:

  • Txhim kho hauv ib kab siv cov channel. Qhov no yog tus qauv txheej txheem, uas muaj nyob rau hauv anchoring ib tug hlau ncej rau phab ntsa. Qhov dav ntawm cov channel yuav tsum me ntsis loj dua qhov dav ntawm phab ntsa.
  • Ob kab kev txhawb nqa. Cov kab hauv qab yog nteg ob txoj kab rau ntawm phab ntsa, uas txuas ntxiv thiab txuas rau cov phiaj hlau.
  • Ua kom muaj zog nrog cov ces kaum. Cov ntsiab lus hlau yog txuas nrog cov npoo ntawm qhov qhib. Lawv sab hauv yog txuas nrog ib tug sawb, uas yog tsau nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa. Racks nyob rau hauv xws li mob yog rub nrog studs los yog welded.
  • Box nce. Cov channel yog welded nyob rau hauv parallel thiabntsug. Lub zog I-nqaj ua haujlwm ua lub ntsiab lus sab saud.
  • Txoj kev los ntawm kaum. Lawv siv thaum tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau qhov qhib thiab qhov tsis zoo.
  • Kev sib xyaw ua ke. Nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim ntawm qhov qhib.

Txhim kho qhov nyob hauv phab ntsa monolithic yog txheej txheem nyuaj thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum qhib qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau hauv phab ntsa uas muaj cov kabmob. Ib qho khoom siv qhib tsis raug cai tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis hauv kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub tsev. Yog li, cov txheej txheem zoo li no tau ua tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.

Short algorithm rau ntxiv dag zog qhib:

  • Kaws lub qhov rau yav tom ntej thiab kev txhawb nqa.
  • Txhim khoom siv ib ntus.
  • Kev txhawb nqa ncaj qha siv hlau profiles.
  • Cuaj.

Txhim kho hauv qab daus

Cov av pem teb feem ntau muaj qhov siab ntawm 1.5 txog 2.5 m.

  • Txhim kho cov ntawv yas ruaj khov. Nws kuj ua hauj lwm ua ib phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev.
  • Thaum txhim kho lub formwork, qhib rau lub qhov rais thiab lub qhov rooj, nrog rau lub tes tsho hlau rau nteg kev sib txuas lus.
  • Koj yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntev ntawm phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov hlau rods txuas nrog rau cov twb ntsia ntsug tuav. Qhov hla ntawm tus pas nrig tsis tsawg dua 10 hli.
  • Yog tias koj muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog thiab cov khoom siv, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau ncuav qhob tam sim ntawd. Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, ces cov pob zeb sib tov yog nchuav rau hauv txheej. Hauv qhov kev xaiv thib ob, txhua tuscov txheej tom ntej yog nchuav peb hnub tom qab yav dhau los. Lub hardness yuav tsum tau teem nyob rau hauv 28 hnub.
  • Tom qab qhov kawg hardening, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntxiv rau kev tsim kho.
Txhim kho ntawm cov phab ntsa monolithic hauv qab daus
Txhim kho ntawm cov phab ntsa monolithic hauv qab daus

Nyob zoo video ntawm lub ncauj lus thiab lus xaus

Ntxiv rau, ib daim vis dis aus muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhawb nqa.

Image
Image

Hauv kev xaus, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho cov phab ntsa monolithic tsis yog qhov nyuaj heev. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab xam kom raug, raug ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab cov khoom zoo.

Pom zoo: