Tsiaj kua nplaum yog tau los ntawm cov pob txha, tawv nqaij, leeg thiab lwm yam kabmob ntawm cov tsiaj. Cov tshuaj tau txais gluing peev xwm ua tsaug rau ob yam khoom - glutin thiab chondrin. Qhov qub yog pom nyob rau hauv cov pob txha, cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj. Adhesives nrog cov ntsiab lus siab glutin muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw. Chondrin yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv ntawm pob txha mos. Cov kua nplaum uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm chondrin tsis muaj lub zog sib txuas txaus.
Ntse
Qhov purity thiab zoo ntawm cov kua nplaum yog nyob ntawm seb nws tau huv huv npaum li cas hauv kev tsim khoom, nrog rau txoj kev tau txais cov khoom siv rau kev npaj cov nplaum.
Yog tias cov ntxhia acids, caustic soda, txiv qaub, potassium chloride tau siv los ua cov kua nplaum, cov khoom tau tom qab ua noj tsis tsim nyog siv.
Tshuaj xyuas cov kua nplaum zoo
Cov kua nplaum zoo tom qab boiling yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov xim ntawm litmus daim ntawv. Thaum immersed nyob rau hauv dej txias kua nplaumyuav tsum o, hauv dej kub ib qho kev daws zoo dissolves.
Cov kua nplaum uas tsim los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis zoo yuav tsum tig mus ua jelly thaum lub sijhawm txias. Cov khoom tsis zoo nrog lub peev xwm gluing tsis zoo tsis khov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua nplaum txias tsis tuaj yeem khov yog tias cov kua qaub (acetic, hydrochloric, nitric) ntxiv rau nws.
Yog tias cov kua nplaum khaws cia rau hauv hluav taws ntev ntev, ua txhaum cov thev naus laus zis, nws tseem yuav tsis khov thaum txias. Cov khoom yuav tsis khi cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov txaus.
Qhov kub ua noj ntawm cov kua nplaum ntau dua, nws yuav npaj tau sai dua. Piv txwv li, ntawm 50 degrees, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau boil rau 12 teev.
Ntxiv cov txiv qaub rau kev daws cov tsiaj keeb kwm yog qhov tsis tsim nyog, vim tias cov khoom siv ntxiv no txo cov peev xwm los lo cov khoom ua ke. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib tov sai sai deteriorates, ua pwm thiab rots.
Kua ntau yam los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu
Tsiaj cov kua nplaum muaj ntau ntau yam thiab npe: tawv nqaij, tawv nqaij, kws ntoo, pleev xim, lub tsho plaub. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg ntawm cov xim thiab cov yam ntxwv. Nyob ntawm qhov kev ua kom huv huv, cov xim ntawm cov khoom tau txais pob tshab, translucent, tsaus ntxoov ntxoo.
Tsiaj tawv nplaum
Cov kua nplaum ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog qhov tiv taus tshaj plaws rau kev lwj, tab sis tsuas yog tias nws tau ntxuav zoo. Txhawm rau kom lub neej txee, phenol, salicylic acid thiab creosote ntxiv rau qhov sib tov. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav elasticity, glycerin, qab zib, thiab txawm tias zib ntab yog ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Vim nws pheej yig, tsiaj kua nplaumsiv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov xim rau painting, tsim scenery. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li kua nplaum yog ntxiv rau primer. Nws feem ntau yog siv los ua cov rooj tog zaum ua ke.
Gelatin kua nplaum
Gelatin kua nplaum yog tau los ntawm cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj me. Kev tsim cov tshuaj yog nqa tawm hauv ob hom - khoom noj thiab kev siv tshuab. Thawj hom hloov mus ua tsis muaj xim kiag li thiab yog hom kua nplaum purest nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau gluing cov chaw uas qhov chaw sib koom yuav tsum nyob tsis pom.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm gelatin yog nws lub peev xwm gluing me me piv rau cov kua nplaum ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ib qho ntawm nws qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog nws lub peev xwm khaws cia tau ntev.
Ntses nplaum
Ua los ntawm lub zais zis ua luam dej ntawm cartilaginous marine life (sturgeon thiab beluga). Ntses kua nplaum ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv tsev yog suav tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws tus nqi siab, hom kua nplaum no tau xyaum tsis siv hauv tshuab.
Qib zoo ntawm cov nplaum yog tsim los ntawm cov glutin ntshiab. Nws muaj zoo heev astringency thiab elasticity, dua li nws yuav luag tsis muaj xim. Cov kua nplaum tsis zoo yog tsim los ntawm cov ntses pov tseg (nplai, pob txha, plab hnyuv, tawv nqaij).
Muaj kua nplaum
Tau los ntawm kev daws teeb meem ntawm casein ua ke nrog cov rog. Qee zaum cov khoom tseem ceeb yog hloov nrog cov mis nyuj, uas, thaum qhuav, yaj hauv dej. Txhawm rau zam qhov tshwm sim no, nws txaus los ntxiv cov txiv qaub rau cov nplaum ntawm cov tsiaj keeb kwm.
Siv cov tshuaj no los tsim cov av ncab,plaster, nrog rau kho cov duab kos.
Casein kua nplaum
Cov tshuaj no tau txais tom qab cov khoom noj siv mis. Rau kev npaj ntawm hom kua nplaum no, tsev cheese los ntawm cov mis nyuj tshiab, uas yog pre-kho nrog ib tug cais, yog zoo tagnrho. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias tsev cheese muaj ntau cov kab mob, rog thiab qab zib.
Kom tau txais cov casein ntshiab tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim khoom, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov mis nyuj khov nrog cov kua qaub (hydrochloric lossis acetic) yog siv. Lub resulting technical curd yog ntxuav nrog dej thiab ces kho nrog dej qab zib los yog cawv. Lub resulting kua nplaum yog curdled dua siv acid. Cov txheej txheem no rov ua dua ob peb zaug kom txog thaum tau txais cov khoom ntshiab uas tsis muaj rog, cov kab mob thiab cov suab thaj.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm casein kua nplaum yog qhov tseeb tias nws tsis yaj hauv dej.
Siv nws hauv kev pleev xim, ua cov xim ntxhia. Vim nws muaj peev xwm los emulsify roj thiab resin daws, casein feem ntau ntxiv rau primers thiab tempera.
Nyob adhesive in carpentry
Cov kua nplaum ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm kuj suav nrog cov khoom siv hauv cov ntoo. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm lawv - mezdrovy, pob txha thiab sib tov. Xav txog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm cov kua nplaum no kom ntxaws ntxiv:
- Nkaum kua nplaum yog tau los ntawm cov tawv nqaij thiab hooves ntawm nyuj. Txhawm rau ntxuav cov khoom los ntawm cov av thiab roj, cov khib nyiab yog muab tso rau hauv cov mis nyuj ntawm cov txiv qaub, ntxuav kom huv si thiab rhaub ntawm qhov kub ntawm 90 degrees. Tau txais zoo li noUa li no, cov kua nplaum yog lim thiab hliv rau hauv cov tais diav, qhov twg nws mam li evaporated thiab qhuav.
- Pob txha nplaum yog tsim los ntawm cov pob txha tsiaj hauv av. Cov roj raug tshem tawm nrog roj av. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov khoom ntawm cov nqaij, cov pob txha tau muab tso rau hauv hydrochloric acid. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom xyaw yog boiled kom txog thaum jelly tau txais, lub resulting loj yog txiav rau hauv daim hlau thiab qhuav.
- Mixed gelatin kua nplaum yog tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab pob txha nplaum. Los ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom no zoo li cov ntses hom kua nplaum, tab sis sib xyaw yog pheej yig dua los tsim.
Txoj kev siv cov kua nplaum ntoo
Cov tshuaj nplaum hauv cov rooj tog tsim khoom tsuas yog siv thaum kub. Ua ntej cua sov, cov vuas rau gluing qhov chaw yog soaked nyob rau hauv dej txog li 8 teev, thaum cua sov dej rau 60 degrees.
Hauv kev siv ntoo, kua nplaum los ntawm cov pob txha tsiaj yog siv ntau yam tuab. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov ntoo mos yuav tsum tau nplaum nrog cov tuab tuab, tab sis cov khoom siv los ntawm cov ntoo tawv yog ruaj khov nrog cov kua nplaum.
Yog tias xav tau, cov kua nplaum tuaj yeem diluted hauv dej lossis rhaub dej ntau dhau kom tau txais qhov xav tau loj.
Albumin kua nplaum
Albumin muaj pes tsawg leeg yog siv hauv cov ntoo. Nws yog tau los ntawm cov ntshav ntawm ib tug nyuj, uas yog yav tas los ntxuav ntawm txawv teb chaws tshuaj, thiab ces qhuav siv ib tug tshwj xeeb technology. Nws txawv ntawm ntoo kua nplaum los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo rau cov dej noo, ib txoj kev yooj yim ntawm kev npaj thiab zoo heev tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab. Hom kua nplaum no yog siv rau kev tsim cov plywood. Albumin kua nplaum nrog ntxiv ntawm txiv qaub thiab ammonia yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov thaum ntub cov ntoo.
Lwm hom tshuaj siv rau gluing ntoo qauv:
- Glycerin kua nplaum yog tau los ntawm kev ntxiv me me ntawm glycerin rau cov kua nplaum ntoo. Nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo yog tiv taus cua sov, vim nws yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw uas qhov kub thiab txias feem ntau tshwm sim.
- Chalk kua nplaum yog tau los ntawm kev ntxiv ib co chalk rau cov kua nplaum ntoo. Vim lub pob tshab ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim, nws yog siv rau gluing ntoo qauv ntawm ntuj xim.
- Cov kua nplaum syndeticone yog tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov kua qaub (acetic, nitric lossis hydrochloric) rau nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws lub peev xwm yog gluing ntawv, tawv, ntoo thiab porcelain.
kua nplaum zoo
Cov kua nplaum zoo ntawm cov tsiaj keeb kwm yuav tsum muaj qhov qab ntxiag, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw heev. Cov ntoo sib txuas nrog cov ntxhiab tsw phem raug tsis lees paub vim tias cov txheej txheem protein decomposition raug cuam tshuam thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov nplaum.
Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov rooj tog yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov kua qaub thiab cov rog. Cov ntsiab lus dej yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 17 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov huab hwm coj. Cov yeeb yaj kiab sab nrauv yuav tsum ua suab nrov thaum ntaus.
daim ntawv qhia ua kua nplaum
Txhawm rau npaj cov nplaum rau tsiaj thiab zaub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntub dejme me ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog hauv dej khov rau 12 teev. Tom qab cov txheej txheem zoo li no, cov kua yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv hluav taws, thaum qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 50 degrees. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm kev kub hnyiab, siv cov tais diav tshwj xeeb, uas yog hu ua kleyanka. Nws muaj ob lub tais ntawm qhov sib txawv. Ib tug me me yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub nkoj loj, ces ib lub thawv loj yog ntim nrog dej thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub hob. Ncuav cov kua nplaum rau hauv ib lub thawv me me. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tshuaj tau siav hauv da dej.
