Ib yam tseem ceeb ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub tsev ob-zaj yog lub staircase. Ntau tus tswv tsev thiab tsev loj cuj txiav txim siab ua ib yam khoom zoo sib xws nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus tsim ntawm cov ntaiv yuav yog ib tug obligatory kauj ruam. Nws yuav tsum tau muab xam kom raug. Muaj qee yam yuav tsum tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej rau cov khoom zoo li no. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb ntawm cov qauv. Yuav ua li cas xam tus ntaiv yuav tau tham kom meej tom qab.
Design nta
Yuav ua li cas xam tus ntaiv mus rau pem teb thib ob? Cov lus nug no tau ntsib los ntawm txhua tus kws ua haujlwm uas ua cov khoom zoo li no thawj zaug. Qhov no yog lub luag haujlwm. Kev nplij siab thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm cov kauj ruam, durability, kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov qauv yuav nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm kev suav. Tib lub sijhawm, sab hauv hauv chav yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Muaj ntau ntaucov qauv ntawm cov ntaiv. Lawv suav tau ua raws li qee qhov kev cai ntawm cov qauv. Ua ntej pib tsim, koj yuav tsum kawm txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv, uas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab qhov twg yog qhov thib ob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim lub tsev kom raug. Nws yuav tsum harmonious ntxiv rau sab hauv. Qee zaum, koj xav tsim ib lub staircase nrog tig. Hauv lwm chav, koj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev tsim qauv yooj yim tshaj plaws. Yuav ua li cas xam tus staircase nrog lossis tsis muaj tig? Muaj cov qauv lees paub. Lawv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab kom meej ua ntej pib ua haujlwm.
khoom xav tau
Thaum kawm yuav ua li cas xam qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntoo staircase, koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov twg yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab qhov twg yog qhov thib ob. Hauv thawj kis, cov khoom zoo li no muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tsim. Cov ntsiab lus thib ob yog xav tau rau qee yam qauv, lossis muab nws qhov tsos.
Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tsim ntawm hom nthuav tawm muaj cov kauj ruam thiab kev txhawb nqa. Cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tau ua yog yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv. Cov kauj ruam muaj cov kauj ruam (kab rov tav dav hlau) thiab risers (ntsug dav hlau). Tsis yog ib qho kev tsim kho tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj thawj ntu. Cov risers tsis tas yuav siv. Lawv tsuas yog muab kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau kev taug kev.
Kev txhawb nqa rau nruab nrab lub dav hlau ntaiv yog tsim los ntawm cov hlua khi lossis hlua. Qhov thib ob ntau yam txhawb nqa cov kauj ruam hauv qab no. Txoj hlua muabtib lub luag haujlwm, tab sis tsuas yog los ntawm qhov kawg. Stairs ntawm bolts yog raws li tshwj xeeb fasteners. Cov no yog cov ntsia hlau muaj zog uas tau ntsia rau hauv phab ntsa thiab qhov kawg ntawm txhua kauj ruam. Cov ntsia hlau tsim nyob ntawm lub khib. Qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov ntaiv no.
khoom ntxiv
Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem, yuav ua li cas xam cov ntaiv mus rau hauv pem teb thib ob, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov txheej txheem ntxiv. Yog li, yog tias nws tau tsim los ntawm ob phab ntsa, railings thiab kev txhawb nqa rau lawv (balusters) yog suav tias yog cov khoom zoo li no. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, muaj cov khoom sib xws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Rail yog xav tau kom tus neeg tuaj yeem ntseeg siab nce thiab nqis ntaiv. Balusters txhawb lawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xws li cov qauv ua haujlwm ntawm lub laj kab. Qhov no tiv thaiv ib tug neeg los ntawm kev poob ntawm qhov siab. Raws li txoj cai kev nyab xeeb, yog tias lub staircase tsis tsim ntawm ob phab ntsa, railings thiab balusters yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv qhov no.
Ib qho ntxiv yog lub platform ntawm ob lub davhlau ntawm ntaiv. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub. Qee zaum chav tsev tsis tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv tsim uas yuav ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau. Hauv qhov no, kev siv ib lossis ntau qhov spans tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no.
Yuav tsum tau rau lub davhlau ntaiv
Ib qho ntawm cov qauv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog lub dav hlau nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaiv, nws muaj ib lossis ntau qhov spans nrog cov kauj ruam, uas yog mounted ntawm ib tug bowstring los yog stringers. Kev tsim kho siv ntau heevqhov chaw dawb hauv chav.
Ib lub peb hlis ntuj yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 3 kauj ruam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tus lej siab tshaj plaws yog 16 daim. Yog hais tias qhov siab ntawm chav tsev loj, nws yuav tsum tau muab ib qho ntsug span nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov qauv. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov qauv no yuav tsum yog 30-55º. Yog tias qhov kev xav tau no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ib chav tshwj xeeb, lub turntable yog tsim. Nws yuav tso cai rau koj los rhuav tshem cov qauv ua ntau txoj kev taug kev, ua rau txoj kab nqes maj mam.
Muaj qee yam txheej txheem rau suav tus staircase nrog tig lossis tsuas yog kab rov tav. Nws tus nqi yuav tsum sib npaug rau qhov nruab nrab theem ntawm ib tug neeg (50 cm).
Thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau yog cov tswv tsev ntiag tug nyiam ntoo. Lub thickness ntawm cov laug cam rau kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum yog 6-7 cm. Yog tias siv cov hlau profile, nws yuav tsum tiv taus cov khoom tseem ceeb. Tus ntaiv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav txog 350 kg / m². Raws li qhov no, cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho raug xaiv.
Kev nplij siab thiab kev nyab xeeb
Thaum xav txog yuav ua li cas xam tus ntaiv, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias cov khoom zoo li no yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau yooj yim. Tsuas yog tom qab ua tau raws li cov cai no tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau tus tsim.
Stairs yuav tsum muaj railings. Lawv yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 80-90 cm los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov kauj ruam. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov balusters tuaj yeem yog 25-30 cm Yog tias muaj cov menyuam yaus hauv tsev, qhov ntsuas notxo mus rau 9-15 cm.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam yuav tsum yog li tus neeg pib nrog ib ko taw thiab xaus nrog lwm tus. Txoj cai no nce kev nplij siab ntawm kev siv cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua kauj ruam yuav tsum yog tib qhov loj. Txwv tsis pub, ib tug neeg yuav dawm thiab poob. Cov nqaij ntawm ob txhais ceg nco ntsoov tias qhov siab ntawm txhais ceg tau tsa ua ntej. Yog tias cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog siab dua, koj tuaj yeem dawm. Qhov saum npoo tsis tuaj yeem swb.
Muaj tshwj xeeb yuav tsum ua kom suav qhov siab ntawm cov ntaiv. Yog tias lawv siab dhau lawm, nws yuav nyuaj rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog thiab cov menyuam yaus txav raws li tus qauv tsim. Muaj ntau cov kauj ruam me me ua ntu zus. Nws yuav zoo li tias qhov nce yog qhov kawg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tus nqi yog qhov siab ntawm cov kauj ruam 10-15 cm. Raws li qhov ntsuas no, lawv tus lej yuav raug suav.
Koj kuj yuav tsum tsim cov kauj ruam ntawm qhov dav kom raug. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg tshaj li 20 cm, nws yog qhov zoo dua uas lub tread yog 25-30 cm dav, tus taw ntawm tus neeg laus yuav tsum sawv tag nrho ntawm lub dav hlau no. Nws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tias cov ntiv taw so ntawm lub riser ntawm cov kauj ruam tom ntej, thiab pob taws yog nyob hauv huab cua. Kev tsom mus rau cov ntiv taw tsuas yog tsis xis nyob thiab tsis nyab xeeb.
Span dimensions
Muaj ob peb cov lus qhia ntxiv txog kev suav cov ntaiv. Qhov ntev yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 80 cm. Nws yog qhov zoo dua yog tias tus nqi no nce mus rau 100 cm lossis txawm tias 120 cm. Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov spans yuav tsum yog 50 cm. Yog tias nws tig, koj yuav tsum kos ib qhov chaw ntawm kev sib hloov. Kos ib lub voj voog ntawm nws. Nws lub vojvoog yog qhov nruab nrab ntev ntawm ntug mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov kauj ruam (piv txwv li, 60 cm yog tias qhov dav yog 120 cm dav). Qhov ncig, uas yuav nyob nruab nrab ntawm thawj thiab thib ob davhlau nrog cov kauj ruam, yuav tsum yog ntau yam ntawm 50 cm.
xam cov ntaiv
Yuav ua li cas xam cov qib ntawm cov ntaiv, nws nce thiab tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam? Ua ntej koj yuav tsum ntsuas chav. Tom ntej no, ib txoj kev npaj yog kos rau ntawm daim ntawv nrog qhov qhia txog qhov ntev. Ua ntej, kos ib kab los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob sab saum toj mus rau hauv pem teb. Ntxiv mus los ntawm qhov chaw uas cov kab no txuas mus rau hauv pem teb, nteg tawm qhov kev ncua deb mus rau qhov kawg ntawm chav tsev lossis cheeb tsam uas cov qauv yuav nyob. Muaj 90º kaum sab xis ntawm cov kab no.
Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum kos lub dav hlau inclined los ntawm ntug ntawm kab kab rov tav mus rau ntug ntawm txoj kab ntsug. Nws hloov tawm ib daim duab peb sab. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum ntsuas lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm lub hypotenuse ntawm daim duab peb sab ntawm txoj kev npaj. Nws yuav tsum yog 30-55º. Yog tias nws me dua, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom luv luv ntawm kab hauv qab. Yog hais tias txoj kab nqes yog steeper, tsim ib tug qauv nrog turntables.
Tom ntej, txiav txim siab tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam. Nws yog tsim nyog los faib qhov siab ntawm chav tsev los ntawm qhov siab ntawm riser (10-15 cm). Tom ntej no, cov kauj ruam yog siv rau txoj kev npaj. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav ua tau kom ua tiav txhua yam ntawm cov ntaiv, ua rau lawv tus kheej tes.
kab laug staircase
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm yuav ua li cas xam cov kauj ruam ntawm tus ntaiv kauv. Lub khib yog ntsia rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Qhov nqaim kawg ntawm cov kauj ruam yuav txuas rau nws. Nyob rau hauv lub periphery lawv yuav heevnthuav.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, lub tread yuav tsum tsawg kawg yog 20 cm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob ze ntawm lub txee, nws yuav nqaim mus rau yuav luag 5 cm. Los ntawm sab nraud, xws li ib tug tread yuav muaj ib tug dav ntawm yam tsawg kawg nkaus 42. cm. Qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej thaum tsim cov qauv ntsia hlau.
Qhov siab ntawm cov kauj ruam yuav tsum yog 10-15 cm. Hauv qhov tsim no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau ua cov kauj ruam nrog ntau tus balusters. Lawv yuav tsum nyob deb li ntawm 15 cm ntawm ib leeg, Cov no yog cov kev cai yooj yim uas yuav tso cai rau koj los tsim kom muaj kev zoo nkauj thiab nyab xeeb.
Tau txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas suav cov ntaiv, txhua tus tswv yuav tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom zoo li no nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes. Nws yuav siv tau ntev, nyab xeeb thiab xis siv.
