Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub yog tsom los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev kom txaus thiab muaj zog, ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws thermal conductivity. Raws li qhov tshwj xeeb qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom txo qis, cov tuam ntxhab nce qhov loj me, uas pab txo lub sijhawm rau kev tsim tsev.
Cov khoom siv twg xaiv
Raws li rau cov pob zeb aerated, nws muaj tag nrho cov yam ntxwv saum toj no thiab muaj qhov tiaj tiaj tiaj rau sab nraud. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los ua kom tiav cov phab ntsa los ntawm cov roj thaiv, kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim thiab hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Yog tias koj tseem xav tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv roj av, ces koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib cov thev naus laus zis, uas yuav tau tham hauv qab no.
Npaj lub hauv paus
Txhawm rau xaiv lub hauv paus rau lub tsev aerated pob zeb,ob peb yam yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account, qhov no yuav tsum muaj xws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av. Hom ntawm lub hauv paus yuav nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm lub tsev. Aerated qhob yog cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo, yog li koj tuaj yeem txuag tau ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nws lub peev xwm. Ua li no, hom kev hloov hauv lub hauv paus, thiab koj tuaj yeem siv nws cov slab ntau yam, tso tseg cov kab xev hnyav lossis pawg hauv paus.
Kev tsim vaj tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv roj av feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom, uas muaj cov kabmob siab thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim. Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog kom tob tob li lub hauv paus ntau dhau. Excavation ntim thiab kev siv zog yuav raug txo, raws li tag nrho cov nqi ntawm kev tsim kho. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los pib ua haujlwm nrog kev khawb thiab kos lub xaib.
Cov txheej txheem tsis siv zog ntau. Ua li no, npaj 30-cm trench, nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov xuab zeb cushion yog pw. Nws yuav tsum tau zoo tamped, qhov zoo dua qhov no yuav ua tau, qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub masonry yuav. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv lub phaj vibrating uas koj tuaj yeem xauj.
Nyob rau theem tom ntej, kev tso kev sib txuas lus tau ua tiav, qhov twg cov kav dej thiab cov kav dej yuav tsum raug ntaus nqi. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib tsim kom muaj zog thiab zoo kawg nkaus txawm tias pob zeb screed, uas yuav tiv thaiv lub hauv ncoo los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Kev tsim vaj tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv roj av nyob rau theem tom ntej no suav nrog kev tsim cov formwork. Sab seams yuav tsum tau pw nrog cov ntawv ua npuas ncauj, uas yuav xyuas kom meejzoo thermal rwb thaiv tsev.
Thaum cov cement screed tau hardened, koj tuaj yeem npog nws nrog ib txheej waterproofing, xyuam xim tshwj xeeb rau cov seams ntawm cov khoom insulating. Sab saum toj txheej tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntom polyethylene. Tom ntej no, ib tug ncej ntawm qhov cuab lub zog yog ntsia. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem yog 40 cm. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib nchuav pob zeb, tuav nws kom txog thaum nws tag nrho solidifies thiab muaj zog. Qhov no yuav siv li 2 lub lis piam.
Kev tsim vaj tsev los ntawm lub qhov thaiv roj muab rau kev ua raws li qee txoj cai. Lawv hais tias noo noo los ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum maj mam evaporate. Ua li no, lub phaj yog them nrog ib daim ntaub, thiab saum npoo ntawm cov qauv yog periodically moistened. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias aerated qhob yuav tsum tau waterproofing. Nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus thiab lub ntsiab phab ntsa, koj yuav tsum tau nteg ib txheej ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog.
Kev txhim kho cov blocks
Aerated qhob khoom yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv kab, kho lawv ua ke tsis yog cov cement mortar, tab sis nrog cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb. Lub thickness ntawm seam yuav tsum tsis txhob yog 2 cm, tab sis 5 hli. Cov kua nplaum yog siv nrog cov trowel, tab sis cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem siv lwm lub cuab yeej.
Aerated qhob kuj tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm cov cement-sand mortar, tab sis nws yuav nyuaj heev kom haum cov khoom, muab cov phab ntsa. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov pob zeb aerated rau qhov loj me uas siv lub grinder nrog lub pob zeb los yog ib qho pom zoo tib yam. Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua haujlwm nrog lub kaum sab xis sab hauv tsev, vim tias cov hmoov av ntau yuav tsim. Yog vim li ntawd tus tswv yuav tsum siv lub tshuab ua pa.
Txhob siv phom
Kev tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv roj av nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes muab rau kev tsim cov khoom siv armored, txij li cov khoom piav qhia tsis muaj qib txaus ntawm rigidity thiab lub zog. Kev txhawb zog tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov pob zeb ci ntsa iab rau saum lub thaiv, uas yog qhov tseeb rau cov tsev me.
Yog hais tias peb tab tom tham txog lub tsev loj, ces lub armored siv yuav tsum muaj cov tuav tuav. Lub tsev ob-storey yuav tsum muaj ib tug armored siv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub thib ob pem teb, ib tug pem teb slab los yog cav yuav ua raws li qhov tsim no.
Tsim cov kev faib thiab phab ntsa
Thaum xaiv cov roj av zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim lub tsev, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qhov uas muaj qhov tuab ntawm 380 hli. Nws yog cov kev txwv no uas cov phab ntsa load-bearing tuaj yeem muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tau qhia tias tag nrho cov partitions sab hauv yuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm tib lub aerated qhob blocks.
Ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom 10-cm blocks uas zoo kawg nkaus hauv kev thauj khoom. Txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho, nws tsis tas yuav xaiv qhov ntom ntawm D500. Nrog rau qhov txo qis ntawm qhov ntom ntawm qhov thaiv, qhov kub-insulating zoo nce. Qhov no yog vim qhov loj ntawm cov hlwb.
Rau kev tsim cov phab ntsa, siv cov blocks nrog tus nplaig thiab zawj. Lawv yooj yim nqa los ntawm tes. Lub hauv paus qhuav yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm plua plav thiab av, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib tso cov khoom siv vov tsev thiab tsim thawj kab. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cement-xuab zeb li niaj zaus, uas yuav qhuav rau ob pebntev tshaj li cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yuav cia koj kho cov masonry.
Tom qab nrhiav lub ces kaum siab tshaj, kev tsim kho yuav tsum pib. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug nuv ntses kab, koj yuav tsum tau xaiv lub sab sauv ntug ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub blocks. Qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov tso ntawm txhua qhov thaiv yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas siv lub tsev theem. Ua ntej pib nteg cov kab thib ob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xuab zeb ntawm qhov dhau los. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no yuav ua kom cov txheej txheem ntau tshaj ntawm cov kua nplaum. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los pib ntawm cov ces kaum. Cov hom yog khi nrog ib leeg los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom los ntawm ib nrab. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus offset tso cai yog 80mm.
Qhov rai Arrangement
Yog tias lub qhov rais sill yuav muaj qhov siab ntawm plaub kab, ces qhov qhib yuav tsum tau tsim tom qab tso peb kab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum siv lub shredder. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas nws yuav tsum tau tso lub qhov rais qhib, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xuas nrig ntaus ob kab sib npaug. Nyob rau hauv ntev, lawv yuav tsum ncav cuag 300 mm dhau ntawm cov ciam teb ntawm lub qhov rais. Cov pas nrig yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv strobes thiab kho nrog kev daws teeb meem. Nyob rau theem no, lub qhov rais phab ntsa tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev txhawb nqa.
Qhov twg aerated qhob thaiv xaiv
Ntau zaus, cov neeg siv khoom xav paub qhov twg cov roj thaiv zoo dua rau kev tsim tsev. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xyuam xim rau thermal conductivity. Qhov qis dua, qhov siab dua cov yam ntxwv thermal rwb thaiv tsev yuav yog. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muaj D350 thaiv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj, ces nws thermal conductivity yuavyog 0.075 W / (m K), xws li rau D700 qhov ntom ntom, lawv cov thermal conductivity yog 0.25 W / (m K).
Yuav kom ua tiav qhov kev xav tau thermal rwb thaiv tsev nrog cov roj thaiv lub npe hauv D400-D500, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov phab ntsa nrog lub thickness ntawm 35 mus rau 45 cm. kuj rau lub zog thiab ntom. D300 muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws cov khoom ntom. Tus nqi siab dua, qhov denser lub thaiv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj.
Xaiv cov khoom uas muaj qhov ntom ntom, koj tau txais cov blocks uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj. Lawv yuav yooj yim heev rau txheej txheem, uas ua kom nrawm thiab yooj yim tso. Ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog qhov loj. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws parameter rau load-bearing phab ntsa yuav yog 60 x 30 x 20 cm. Qhov muab faib yuav muaj tib qhov ntev, tab sis yuav txawv nyob rau hauv thickness, qhov parameter no yuav yog 10 cm.
Nqes tsev
Kev tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv roj, tus nqi uas yuav sib npaug li 2,500,000 rubles, tuaj yeem koom nrog kev tsim cov tsev sib txawv. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog 142 m 2, thaum lub hauv paus loj yuav yog 13 x 9 cm. 2. Qhov loj ntawm lub hauv paus yuav yog 7 x 6 m.
Kev tsim vaj tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv roj, cov haujlwm uas nws cov nqi tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm tuaj yeem ua los ntawm koj tus kheej. Piv txwv li, ib lub tsev ntawm 155 m 2 nrog lub hauv paus loj ntawm 15 x 11 m yuav raug nqi 2RUB 000,000
Kev xam cov khoom siv ywj pheej
Kev suav cov roj av rau kev tsim lub tsev nrog kev siv cov qauv hauv qab no: (L x H - S pr) x 1.05 x B \u003d V. Hauv nws, L yog qhov ntev ntawm phab ntsa hauv meters. Tsab ntawv H txhais tau hais tias qhov siab ntawm aerated pob zeb phab ntsa hauv meters. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib nyob rau hauv square meters yog denoted S pr. Cov coefficient uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account raws li ib tug margin rau undercutting yog 1.05. tus xam ntim ntawm aerated qhob nyob rau hauv cubic meters, nws yog denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv V.
Zaj lus
Aerated qhob lub tsev cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho cov dej tsis zoo ntawm cov rafters. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nrog ntoo slats. Lawv yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub txee-lattice, uas cov khoom siv vov tsev yuav raug kho nyob rau theem tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub waterproofing ntawm cov slats, ib tug rhaub yuav tsum tau pw. Rau qhov no, ntxhia wool feem ntau yog siv. Lwm txoj kev daws yuav yog ua npuas ncauj lossis polystyrene ua npuas ncauj.
Thaum tshav kub kub rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm vapor barrier, uas yog txuas rau lub rafters nrog ntoo slats. Nyob rau theem kawg, koj tuaj yeem pib tso lub tsho tiav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, koj yuav tsum tau tsom rau cov peev nyiaj thiab kev nyiam ntawm tus kheej, thiab koj tuaj yeem siv slate, corrugated board lossis ceramic vuas.
