Tam sim no, tsis muaj qhov taw qhia hauv kev tsim cov roj teeb tsheb yooj yim raws li lub tswv yim. Ntau lub khw muag khoom npaj ua tiav nrog tus nqi tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem zoo dua los ua ib yam dab tsi nrog koj tus kheej tes. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem siv txhais tau tias improvised, thiab tus nqi kawg yuav zoo li nyuaj siab.
Tib lub sijhawm, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov circuits, thaum tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov zis, uas tsis muaj qhov tam sim no txiav tawm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus nqi, tsuas yog cuam tshuam. rau cov roj ntsha lead-acid. Kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau AGM roj teeb lossis roj teeb gel feem ntau yuav ua rau lawv puas tsuaj.
The simplest tswvyim
Cov tswv yim sib dhos yooj yim tshaj plaws rau lub tsheb roj teeb charger suav nrog cov hloov pauv. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nwsassembled los ntawm cov khoom muaj. Tab sis cov kws tshaj lij Hoobkas counterparts tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo sib xws. Thiab, txawm tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim hauv tsev, nws ua tau zoo heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi no muaj kev ua haujlwm siab, thiab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej muaj qhov ruaj khov tam sim no, tsis hais tus nqi thiab cov khoom hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev tiv thaiv luv luv.
Yuav tsum muaj cuab yeej
Txhawm rau sib sau cov roj teeb tsheb yooj yim nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj yuav xav tau TH61-22 transformer nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov windings. Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tsis qis dua 0.8, thiab lub zog tam sim no tsis tshaj 6 A. Qhov thib ob winding ntawm lub transformer yuav tsum tsim ib qhov hluav taws xob tsis tshaj 20 volts nrog lub zog tam sim no ntawm 8 amperes. Yog tias qhov ua tiav tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav pom, koj tuaj yeem siv lwm lub tshuab hloov pauv, uas koj tuaj yeem rov qab cov winding thib ob kom tau txais cov khoom tsim tawm tam sim no.
Koj tseem yuav xav tau lwm yam khoom siv:
- MBGCH series capacitors, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog kev hloov hluav taws xob ntawm 350 V (tsis tsawg).
- Diodes muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov tam sim no ntawm 10 A.
- Voltage changer.
Raws li qhov kawg, qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv ammeter uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog tam sim no ncaj qha.
Lossis siv lub taub hau electromagneticzoo li M24.
txheej txheem los ua ke
Koj tuaj yeem ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes raws li cov lus qhia hauv qab no:
- Pib nrog, ib lub voj voog raug xaiv uas yuav raug siv - qhov no, lub capacitor.
- Tam sim no koj yuav tsum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim nyog, qhov twg lub rooj tsavxwm nrog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog yuav nyob tau yooj yim. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov rooj plaub milliammeter.
- Lub transformer yog mounted ntawm ib tug txhuas phaj, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tsau nyob rau hauv lub tsev.
- Ib lub phaj textolite muab tso rau hauv rooj plaub, uas cov capacitors, relays thiab lwm yam tau muab tso rau.
- Tam sim no nws tsim nyog kho qhov hluav taws xob tswj hluav taws xob thiab cov ua rau cov terminals ntawm rooj plaub.
- Ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob txhuas loj yog muab tso rau sab nraud kom txias lub zog diodes. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj xav tau lub fuse thiab lub ntsaws los muab cov khoom tam sim no.
- Txhua qhov chaw yuav tsum txuas nrog raws li daim duab.
- Txoj hlua nrog ruaj "crocodiles", uas yog los ntawm lub charger thiab yog npaj rau kev sib txuas rau lub roj teeb, yuav tsum nrog ib qho hla ntawm yam tsawg kawg 1 hli2.
Cov khoom siv hauv tsev feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem khav theeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, txog li 90%. Tab sis, ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv yog cov yooj yim, thiab qhov no ua rau yuav cov analogues tsis muaj tsawg txhim khu kev qha. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tiv nrog lawv txoj haujlwm.
Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem siv lub tswv yim nyuaj nrog cov txheej txheem ntxiv. Xws li chargers muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau hom, nrog rau tsis siv neeg. Tej zaum lawv kuj muajtiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv overheating thiab overcharging ntawm lub roj teeb.
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws transistor charger
Tib lub sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj cua tshuab txhua, ntxiv rau lub voj voog nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, muab tso rau ntawm qhov tso zis. Cov tswv yim zoo li no yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv chav nres tsheb, vim tias nws tuaj yeem kho tus nqi tam sim no thaum muaj hluav taws xob poob.
Cov khoom sib xyaw transistor KT814-KT837 ua raws li tus tswj hwm ntawm no, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov resistor yuav tswj cov zis. Thaum lub sij hawm sib dhos txheej txheem, es tsis txhob ntawm zener diode 1N 754A, koj tuaj yeem siv Soviet analogue D814A.
Xws li lub voj voog nrog kev hloov kho hluav taws xob yog sib sau ua ke los ntawm qhov chaw mounting, qhov uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau etching ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov transistors yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub heatsink uas yuav ua kom sov kom pom tseeb.
Vim li no, nws yog qhov zoo rau kev siv lub tshuab computer txias, uas feem ntau ua rau lub processor txias. Nws kiv cua yog txuas nrog cov zis ntawm lub roj teeb charger. Lub zog ntawm cov resistor R1 yuav tsum yog 5 watts, tsis tsawg. Nws tuaj yeem raug mob los ntawm nichrome los yog fechral, los yog txuas nrog 10 resistors ntawm 1 W (10 ohms). Lub resistor tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog txhua qhov hauv Circuit Court ntawm lub charger yooj yim tshaj plaws, tsis txhob hnov qab tias nws lub xub ntiag tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv cov transistors thaum cov xov hlau luv luv.
Thaum xaiv lub tshuab hloov pauv, koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau qhov tso zis hluav taws xob - 12, 6-16 V. Koj tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom hauv zos uas muajtxuas ob windings nyob rau hauv parallel. Raws li qhov chaw kawg, nrhiav cov khoom tiav nrog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj qhov sib txawv.
Tsev thyristor ntaus ntawv
Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev uas ntshai tuav cov hlau nplaum hauv lawv txhais tes tuaj yeem raug qhia kom sib sau lub roj teeb charger nrog kev hloov kho ntawm cov nqi tam sim no. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, xws li ib tug Circuit Court yog devoid ntawm qhov tsis zoo uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub resistor analog.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub regulator tsis yog ib tug kub dissipator (feem ntau yog ib tug haib rheostat yog siv nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm no), tab sis ib tug hluav taws xob tseem ceeb ntawm lub thyristor. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov load yog perceived los ntawm no semiconductor keeb. Thiab txij li qhov yooj yim thyristor charger Circuit Court yog tsim los rau qhov tam sim no ntawm 10 A, xws li cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm rov ntxiv lub zog ntawm lub roj teeb uas muaj peev xwm txog li 90 A / h. Thiab los ntawm kev kho cov qib ntawm kev qhib kev hloov pauv ntawm transistor VT1 los ntawm cov resistor R5, kev tswj tau zoo thiab muaj tseeb ntawm trinistor VS1 yog muab.
Txawm hais tias qhov yooj yim ntawm lub voj voog, nws yog qhov txhim khu kev qha, nws yooj yim rau kev sib sau thiab teeb tsa. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm kom raug ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntawm hom no. Peb tab tom tham txog lub hwj chim ntawm lub transformer, uas yuav tsum tau nrog ib tug triple margin rau tus nqi tam sim no. Hauv lwm lo lus, nrog rau qhov txwv siab tshaj ntawm 10 A, qhov ntsuas yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 450-500 W.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov kev tsim kho yuav txawv ntawm nws qhov loj. Txawm li cas los, raws li ib tug nyob ruaj ruajlub tsheb roj teeb charger xws li lub tswv yim zoo heev.
Ib qho yooj yim Circuit Court rau lub charger hloov
Yog tias tsis muaj lub siab xav tshawb nrhiav lub tshuab hloov pauv lossis rov ua dua, ces koj tuaj yeem mloog lwm qhov kev xaiv. Yog tias lub khoos phis tawj tsis tsim nyog tau pw ntawm thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab pov tseg, vim qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev tsim lub zog hloov pauv rau lub roj teeb.
Vim qhov tso zis hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 14.1-14.3 V, ib qho kev npaj ua tiav tsis haum rau qhov no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem rov ua haujlwm dua.
Raws li txoj cai, hauv cov khoom siv no, lub zog ruaj khov yog tswj hwm los ntawm lub voj voog uas suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- circuit TL431;
- control optocoupler.
Sai li qhov tso zis hluav taws xob ntau dhau qhov kev txwv (qhov no tau teeb tsa los ntawm cov resistors), lub microcircuit teeb rau optocoupler LED. Yog li, PWM maub los tau txais lub teeb liab hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau txo qis lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov pulses uas tau pub rau lub transformer.
Thaum xub pom, txhua yam zoo li nyuaj, thiab nws tsis paub meej tias yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau lub charger yooj yim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim cov khoom siv no yog nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm txhua tus tswv tsev nrog lub tsheb tus kheej.
Rebuilding switching power supply
Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum qhib rooj plaub, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum pom tib lub TL431 nti. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau nws cov zis sib cuag, nyob ze uas muaj ob resistors (lawv feem ntau yog cim R12 thiab R13 nyob rau hauv daim duab), txuas nrog cov ceg REF.
Kho kom zoo rau sab caj npab ntawm lub divider. Los ntawm kev txo qhov tsis kam, qhov voltage ntawm cov zis ntawm lub charger kuj txo. Yog hais tias qhov parameter yog nce, ces qhov sib txawv muaj peev xwm kuj yuav nce. Yog hais tias lub hwj huam mov yog tsim rau 12 V, ces koj yuav xav tau ib tug resistor nrog ib tug loj kuj, thiab ntawm 19 V - nrog ib tug me me.
Tam sim no, los ntawm lub tsheb yooj yim lub roj teeb charger Circuit Court, koj yuav tsum unsolder tus xaiv resistor (R13) thiab tso ib tug trimmer nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, uas yog pre-tuned rau tib yam kuj. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muab lub nra rau qhov tso zis ntawm lub charger (piv txwv li, txuas lub teeb ntawm lub teeb taub hau). Txuas mus rau lub network thiab ua tib zoo tig lub cav "trimmer" thiab ib txhij tswj qhov voltage.
Sai li qhov kev txwv yuav tsum tau mus txog (14, 1-14, 3 V), lub zog hluav taws xob raug txiav tawm ntawm lub mains, thiab lub cav trimmer yog tsau rau hauv txoj hauj lwm txais. Nail polish ua haujlwm zoo rau qhov no. Tam sim no nws tseem yuav sib sau ua ke lub cev nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim rov qab. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg dua li nyeem phau ntawv no tag nrho.
Tsis tsim nyog thaiv ntawm lub khoos phis tawj desktop
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, "tsim" ntawm lub roj teeb charger nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xaiv no rau kev sib sau lub charger nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes tsis xav tau kev paub tob hauv electronics. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hauv paus twb muaj lawm - ib qho qub tsis tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm lub computer nyob ruaj ruaj, uas tseem ua haujlwm.
Feem ntau lawv muab +5 V tso zis voltagethiab +12 V nrog lub zog tam sim no txog 2 A. Cov kev txwv no yog qhov txaus los sib sau ua ke cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg uas yuav ua siab ncaj rau tus tswv ntawm lub tsheb ntau xyoo.
Kev them tag nrho ntawm lub roj teeb yuav siv sijhawm qee lub sijhawm, thiab ntau ntawm nws. Nws tsuas yog nyob ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yuav zam kev cuam tshuam ntawm phaj desulfation.
txheej txheem sib dhos
Ncaj nraim, cov txheej txheem sib dhos ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim, uas yuav raug nqa tawm hauv tsev (lossis hauv chaw nres tsheb), yuav zoo li no:
- Qhib rooj plaub thiab tshem tawm tag nrho cov xov hlau tshwj tsis yog qhov ntsuab. Tsuas yog cim ua ntej lossis nco ntsoov cov ntsiab lus txuas ntawm dub (GND) thiab daj (+12 V).
- Cov hlau ntsuab raug muab khi rau qhov chaw uas tus dub nyob. Qhov no yog los xyuas kom meej tias chav tsev pib tsis muaj PC motherboard. Tom ntej no, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm soldering cov hlau dub, muab ib tug kais rau qhov tsis zoo hlau ntawm lub roj teeb. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov hlau daj nyob, lub roj teeb zoo tiv tauj yog soldered.
- Nrhiav TL 494 nti (lossis nws qhov sib npaug). Nrog rau txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv computer, cov ntsiab lus no tsis tuaj yeem muab faib nrog.
- Los ntawm thawj ceg ntawm microcircuit (feem ntau yog sab laug ib sab), koj yuav tsum pom cov resistor txuas nrog cov zis +12 (daj hlau).
- Qhov pom cov resistor yog soldered, tom qab uas nws parameter yog ntsuas los ntawm tester. Xaiv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov resistor ze raunyob rau hauv par, thiab teem lub siab xav kuj. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem solder lub caij es tsis txhob tshem tawm cov resistor nrog cov xaim hloov tau yooj yim.
- Pib lub hwj huam mov thiab kho qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv kom tau txais qhov xav tau qhov hluav taws xob tso zis - tsis pub ntau tshaj 14, 3. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog tsis txhob overdo nws vim qhov txwv yog 15 V thiab lub cuab yeej tsuas yog tua.
- Tshem tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov yooj yim charger circuit, txuag qhov chaw thiab ntsuas qhov tshwm sim. Tam sim no nws tseem xaiv tus resistor nrog tus nqi tau txais (ib lossis ntau dua) thiab muab nws tso rau hauv Circuit Court.
- Tshawb xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom muab qhov hluav taws xob xav tau. Tom qab ntawd, nws tseem yuav sib sau ua ke rooj plaub hauv qhov kev txiav txim rov qab. Raws li kev xaiv ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem txuas lub voltmeter rau cov zis ("+" thiab "-"), muab tso rau ntawm rooj plaub kom pom tseeb.
Cov khoom siv tau txais kev ntseeg tau txaus thiab muaj peev xwm hloov tau cov koom haum koom ua ke.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias nws tau nruab nrog kev tiv thaiv overload, tab sis qhov no tsis txuag yog tias tsis pom qhov polarity. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tsis meej pem qhov ntxiv nrog qhov rho tawm thaum txuas lub charger rau lub roj teeb (uas tshwm sim, txawm tias tsis tshua muaj), nws yuav ua tsis tau tam sim!
Cov lus pom zoo
Yog tias qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws roj teeb charger Circuit Court tsis nruab nrog lub roj teeb tsis siv neeg tswj, koj yuav tsum siv lub network yooj yim tshaj plaws txhua hnub relay los ntawm Suav manufacturers. Yog li ntawd, koj tsis tuaj yeem taug qab lub sijhawmdisconnecting unit los ntawm lub mains.
Tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej no feem ntau tsis tshaj 200 rubles. Paub txog lub sij hawm uas nws yuav siv sij hawm los them lub roj teeb, koj tuaj yeem, los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub sijhawm kaw, maj mam mus txog koj lub lag luam.
Qhov kev xav tau rau lub sijhawm kaw hluav taws xob yog vim qhov tseeb tias yog tias koj tsis nco qab tag nrho txog kev them lub roj teeb, qhov no ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj:
- electrolyte boiling;
- daim phiaj tawg;
- roj teeb tsis ua haujlwm.
Tab sis lub roj teeb tshiab raug nqi ntau dua li tag nrho cov peev txheej hauv lub charger hauv tsev!
Cov ntsiab lus siv
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm yuav luag txhua yam yooj yim 12 volt roj teeb charger yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tua lub cuab yeej tom qab nws them tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, peb twb tau xav txog yuav ua li cas kho qhov nuance no, tab sis qhov no tseem tsis ua kom yooj yim dua. Muaj lwm yam nta uas tsis muaj nyob rau thaum siv lub Hoobkas counterparts.
Ib qho ntawm cov nuances tseem ceeb yog cov txheej txheem rau kev tshuaj xyuas lub cim xeeb "rau lub txim" raug txwv nruj! Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev sib txuas ntawm lub charger rau lub roj teeb, thiaj li tsis txhob thim rov qab polarity nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub. Txwv tsis pub, nws hem nrog kev ua tsis tiav ntawm lub cim xeeb.
Thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev sib txuas rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg yuav tsum tsuas yog ua nyob rau hauv lub xeev tawm.
Kev nyab xeeb
Thaum ua tus nqi hauv tsev, tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov kev cai hauv pausCov lus qhia kev nyab xeeb:
- Txhua yam khoom siv, yam tsis muaj kev zam, yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv hluav taws, suav nrog roj teeb.
- Kev siv thawj zaug ntawm kev them nyiaj yuav tsum tau ua nrog kev tswj hwm tag nrho ntawm txhua qhov kev txwv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tswj cov cua kub ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntawm lub charger thiab roj teeb. Electrolyte boiling yuav tsum tau zam, voltage thiab tam sim no yuav tsum tau tswj los ntawm ib tug tester. Tag nrho cov no yuav tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb lub sijhawm them tag nrho ntawm lub roj teeb, uas yuav pab tau yav tom ntej.
Nws tsis yog ib qho teeb meem rau nws tus kheej sib sau ua ke lub tsheb roj teeb charger raws li lub tswv yim yooj yim. Qhov tseem ceeb yog ua raws li kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb. Tom qab tag nrho, koj yuav tsum tau nrog qhov txaus ntshai voltage ntawm 220 V!
