Bas alt yog pob zeb ntuj. Feem ntau pom nyob ze ntawm lub roob hluav taws. Qhov loj tshaj deposits muaj nyob rau hauv Russia, Ukraine, America, lub Hawaii thiab Kuril Islands. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, bas alt tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim hlau, shapeless thiab rounded pob zeb, raws li zoo raws li lava ntws.
bas alt yog dab tsi?
Nov yog pob zeb uas muaj tej yam ntxwv. Cia peb sau lawv:
- Feldspar thiab augite yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm bas alt.
- Xim: tsaus grey, dub, asph alt, thiab tseem muaj cov piv txwv nrog cov xim ntsuab.
- Thaum xoom kub, qhov kub tshwj xeeb yog 0.85 J / (kg K).
- Resistance ranges ntawm 50-400 MPa.
- Qhov elasticity ntawm cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv 0, 2-0, 25.
- Melting point txawv, qee qhov muaj 1000-1200 ° C, lwm tus 1500 ° C.
- Bas alt yog pob zeb uas muaj qhov ntom ntom ntawm 2500 txog 2900 kg / m2.
- Moisture absorption fluctuates ntawm 0.25-10%.
Bas alt muaj pes tsawg leeg: nta
Txhua tus neeg paub txij thaum lub sijhawm kawm ntawv tias txhua yam minerals muaj qee yam qauv. Raws li txoj cai, thaum xav txog lawv, ob qho tib si tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm bas alt, granite, marble, thiab lwm yam hauv cov tsos, tab sis kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiav tag nrho txog lawv cov yam ntxwv. Nws yog qhov kev paub no uas yuav pab tau ergonomically siv qhov no lossis cov khoom ntawd.
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov bas alt suav nrog climopyroxene, titanomagnetite, volcanic iav, plagioclassite, magnetite. Nws cov qauv yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov chaw porphyritic, qee zaum aflated. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tej zaum kuj muaj hom smooth li iav. Cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm bas alt deposits. Cov uas nyob rau saum npoo yog feem ntau bubbly, txij li thaum lub sij hawm txias ntawm volcanic lava, vapors thiab gases khiav tawm ntawm cov qhov. Tom qab ntawd, cov zaub mov xws li tooj liab, prehnite, calcium, zeolite tuaj yeem tso rau hauv qhov chaw hollow. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas cov qauv no hauv ib daim ntawv, hu ua amygdala.
Cov ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm bas alt coj los ntawm cov deposits sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim muaj qee yam impurities hauv nws. Piv txwv li, cov qauv ntawm ib txhia yog txawv los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm pyroxene prisms, ua tsaug rau cov bas alt tau ib tug dub xim. Tab sis olivine crystals xim lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv ib tug daj-ntsuab hue. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov loj ntawm impurities tuaj yeem ncav cuag ¼ ntawm tag nrho cov khoom. Tsawg dua yog bas alts, uas suav nrog cov zaub mov xws li hornysnag, apatite, orthopyroxene.
hom tsiaj
Bas alt yog lub npe nrov. Nws muab ntau yam sib txawv. Cov feem ntau yog:
- Asian - ib lub pob zeb pheej yig, dav siv thaum tsim lub tsev, nrog rau hauv architecture. Nws cov xim feem ntau yog xim ntawm "ntub asph alt".
- Twilight - loj deposits nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Nws yog tsaus grey, txawm dub. Nws suav hais tias yog hom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm txhua tus neeg, vim nws muaj kev tiv thaiv siab rau qhov kub thiab txias, kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv, cov av noo hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam.
- Moorish - almond zeb saib. Nyob rau hauv nws nto nws muaj ntau yam inclusions. Cov qauv xim feem ntau yog ntsuab. Cov tsos ntawm xws li bas alt yog qhov qub, uas tso cai rau nws siv los kho cov chav thiab cov tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws cov kev ua tau zoo me ntsis qis dua: Frost tsis kam thiab hardness tsawg.
- Bas altin yog hom ntau tshaj plaws. Cov deposits loj nyob ze Rome. Hais txog cov khoom kim tshaj plaws. Nws muaj qhov qub saum npoo, uas tso cai rau nws siv dav hauv kev tsim vaj tsev. Hais txog lub zog, xws li bas alt tuaj yeem muab piv nrog granite; tom qab tso, nws khaws tag nrho nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Scope of application
Bas alt yog cov khoom siv zoo,uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog architecture. Tab sis kuj cov ntaub ntawv zoo hauv tsev yog tsim los ntawm nws, ntxiv rau pob zeb mortars rau lub zog, los yog siv thaum lub sij hawm pouring ntawm slabs. Bas alt feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom tiav rau hauv pem teb lossis txoj hauv kev. Thiab rau kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov tsev los ntawm sab nraud, nws tsuas yog irreplaceable. Cov neeg tsim qauv feem ntau them nyiaj rau bas alt thaum kho chav. Nws yog dav siv hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm qhov cub, phab ntsa. Nrog rau qhov kev daws teeb meem no, nws yooj yim rau kev tso suab thiab coj qhov sib txawv rau sab hauv.
txiaj ntsig ntawm bas alt
Hom no muaj ntau yam zoo. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws:
- txo suab nrov;
- vapor permeability;
- qib siab ntawm thermal stability;
- ib puag ncig phooj ywg;
- zoo thermal rwb thaiv tsev;
- zog;
- tsis hluav taws xob;
- kev nyab xeeb hluav taws;
- durability.
Bas alt raws cov khoom
Grey bas alt yog mined hauv mines thiab quarries. Feem ntau qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev lag luam mining. Tom qab tshem tawm, nws raug xa mus rau cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb, qhov twg ntau yam khoom raug tsim los ntawm bas alt. Cov no tuaj yeem yog sandwich panels, vuas, thav duab rau cov ntaiv, fibers rau rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub ru tsev thiab lwm qhov chaw. Bas alt kuj yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm kab, arches, pej thuam. Nws cov hmoov ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab lub zog.
Thiab kawg tus nqi
Bas alt, tus nqi uas, tsis zoo li lwm yam khoom siv ntuj, suav tias pheej yig heev, tuaj yeem siv dav yam tsis tas yuav nce tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li:
- bas alt gravel - los ntawm 250 txog 400 rubles. ib pob;
- ntsej muag daim hlau - los ntawm 2000 rubles. rau 1sq. m;
- bas alt paving pob zeb - 3200-3500 r. rau 1sq. m.
