Hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas muaj peev xwm tsim lub zog siab, vim tias lawv ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. Cov peev txheej ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov yog dav - lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, nqaij grinder, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Tab sis txhua yam tsis txwv rau cov xwm txheej hauv tsev, thiab cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, uas lawv muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, sai los yog tom qab, tab sis muaj malfunction ntawm hluav taws xob motors.
Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub kev puas tsuaj tsuas yog txwv rau qhov tsis xis nyob, ces nyob rau hauv ib qho kev lag luam nplai no ua rau yuam kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Thiab xws li qeeb hauv kev tsim khoom yog heevundesirable, yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau ntawm lub malfunction nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab tshem tawm nws sai li sai tau.
Electric motors
Nws tsis muaj kev nkag siab mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, yog li peb yuav txwv peb tus kheej rau kev kawm luv. Los ntawm kev pom zoo, txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj ob qhov tseem ceeb:
- Stator - yog ib feem nyob ruaj ruaj, uas yog tsau rau ntawm lub cev ntawm lub tshuab.
- Rotor yog qhov tig, vim tias cov khoom siv ua haujlwm.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub rotor yog nyob rau hauv stator kab noj hniav thiab tsis mechanically hu rau nws nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tuaj yeem sib cuag los ntawm cov bearings. Thaum txheeb xyuas qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub tshuab kiv cua lossis lwm yam khoom siv, lub peev xwm ntawm lub rotor tig yog thawj zaug kuaj xyuas. Ua li no, thawj kauj ruam yog kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov voltage ntawm lub hwj chim Circuit Court, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem tig lub rotor manually.
Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb uas tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Ua ntej, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau siv rau nws txoj kev winding (muaj ob peb ntawm lawv rau ntau theem hluav taws xob motors). Qhov thib ob, ob qho tib si hluav taws xob thiab sib nqus hluav taws xob yuav tsum ua haujlwm zoo.
DC motors
Cov txheej txheem no muaj ntau yam kev siv:
- computer fans;
- tsheb pib;
- muaj zog diesel chaw nres tsheb;
- sib sau ua ke, thiab lwm yam.
Magnetic teb ntawm statorntawm cov txheej txheem no yog tsim los ntawm ob lub electromagnets, uas tau sib sau ua ke ntawm cov cores tshwj xeeb (sib nqus cores). Coils nrog windings nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv.
Cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov khoom txav yog tsim los ntawm qhov tam sim no uas dhau los ntawm cov txhuam hniav ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov winding nteg nyob rau hauv lub grooves ntawm armature. Peb yuav twv yuav raug hu rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub rotor ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tab sis tom qab me ntsis.
AC motors
Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua asynchronous lossis synchronous. Qee qhov zoo sib xws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas ntawm cov qauv asynchronous thiab DC motors. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv tsim. Lub rotor ntawm asynchronous zog hluav taws xob installation yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug luv luv-circuited winding (tsis muaj tam sim no muab ncaj qha mus rau nws los ntawm cov hluav taws xob installation). Ntawm cov neeg, xws li ib tug tsim tau txais ib tug heev sonorous lub npe - "squirrel log". Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xws li cav, ib tug txawv txoj cai rau kev npaj ntawm stator lem.
Hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob synchronous, cov windings ntawm cov coils ntawm stator nyob ntawm tib lub kaum sab xis ntawm lawv. Vim li no, cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau tsim, uas tig ntawm qhov ceev.
Hauv daim teb no yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub rotor. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv magnetic teb, nws kuj pib txav mus los raws li qhov zaus, synchronous nrog kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub zog siv.
Rotor tig kwv yees
Teeb meem AC lub cev muaj zogsuav nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm nrog lub rotor. Feem ntau lub peev xwm los ntsuas qhov ntsuas kev sib hloov ntawm qhov kev txav mus los no yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog tsav. Piv txwv li, ntawm chav tsev fais fab ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev, nws tuaj yeem ua tsis tau los ntawm tes yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tig lub ua hauj lwm ncej ntawm lub perforator, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib co dag zog. Tab sis yog hais tias tus ncej txuas nrog ib tug cab iav, ces nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, vim lub peculiarities ntawm no mechanism, nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tig nws tag nrho.
Nws yog vim li no tias rotor kev sib hloov xyuas tsuas yog ua thaum lub tsav raug kaw. Tab sis dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau nws nyuaj rau tig? Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no:
- Sliding pads hnav tawm.
- Cov bearings tsis muaj lubrication lossis cov khoom siv tsis raug. Hauv lwm lo lus, roj zoo tib yam, uas yog siv los sau cov pob bearings, thickens ntawm qhov kub tsis zoo. Qhov no yuav ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob pib tsis zoo.
- Dirty lossis txawv teb chaws cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm stator thiab rotor.
Raws li txoj cai, qhov ua rau lub cev muaj zog tsis ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog cov kabmob tsis yooj yim rau kev txiav txim siab. Qhov tawg yog pib ua suab nrov, uas yog ntxiv nrog rau kev ua si. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov no, nws txaus los co lub rotor hauv lub dav hlau ntsug lossis kab rov tav. Koj tuaj yeem sim thawb thiab rub lub rotor raws nws axis. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev ua si me me rau feem ntau ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub zog yog qhov qauv.
tshuaj txhuam hniav
daimcollectors, qhov tseeb, yog kev sib cuag ntawm ib feem ntawm lub nruam armature winding. Los ntawm qhov kev sib txuas no, hluav taws xob tam sim no muab rau cov txhuam hniav. Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov zoo, ib qho hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau tsim nyob rau hauv node. Hmoov zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab.
Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab qhov ua tsis zoo ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob? Rau cov khoom siv fais fab uas raug hnyav thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov ntawv sau cov ntawv feem ntau muaj paug. Tsis tas li ntawd, graphite plua plav tuaj yeem ntim rau hauv cov grooves, uas cuam tshuam rau cov khoom insulating.
Cov txhuam hniav lawv tus kheej raug nias tawm tsam cov phiaj nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov springs. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov graphite yog maj mam tshem tawm, qhov ntev ntawm cov txhuam txhuam yog txo, thiab lub zog tsim los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog txo. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev sib cuag siab tsis muaj zog, uas ua rau muaj kev nce hauv cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Qhov no ua rau tus neeg sau ua rau lub txim.
Thaum kawg, qhov no ua rau muaj kev hnav ntau dua ntawm cov txhuam hniav, suav nrog cov phaj tooj liab commutator. Nyob rau hauv lem, txhua yam xaus nrog ib tug tawg ntawm lub cav. Vim li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis tu ncua xyuas cov txhuam txhuam, ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas qhov huv ntawm qhov chaw. Thaum nrhiav qhov ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev txhim kho cov graphite txhuam lawv tus kheej, suav nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov springs.
Ntawm av yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm nrog ib daim ntaub mos uas yav tas los moistened nrogtechnical alcohol solution. Qhov khoob ntawm daim hlau yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav nrog ib tug cw ua los ntawm cov tawv tawv, uas tsis yog resinous ntoo. Koj tuaj yeem hla cov txhuam hniav lawv tus kheej nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb zoo.
Yog tias pom cov pob qhov lossis qhov chaw hlawv nyob rau ntawm cov ntawv sau, lub rooj sib txoos nws tus kheej yuav raug tshuab, suav nrog polishing, kom txog thaum txhua qhov tsis sib xws raug tshem tawm.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tsis ua haujlwm
Tom qab kev sib dhos ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub hoobkas, lawv raug rau ntau yam kev xeem. Thiab thaum lawv ua tiav, lawv raug suav hais tias ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab raug xa mus rau lub khw lossis ncaj qha rau cov neeg siv khoom. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov malfunctions uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm ntxiv ntawm lub hwj chim units.
Ntawm qhov ua rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi los ntawm kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom mus rau qhov chaw. Feem ntau, kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom lossis tshem tawm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis yog txhua lub tuam txhab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj mus los nws tus kheej, tshwj xeeb, tsis ua raws li cov lus pom zoo hais txog kev thauj mus los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Lwm qhov laj thawj yog ua txhaum cai ntawm kev khaws cia. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob raug puas tsuaj vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov av noo thiab lwm yam khoom sab nraud.
Hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog tsis ua haujlwm thiab cov kev daws teeb meem
Ntawm cov neeg tawg rog ntau, muaj cov xwm txheej ntawdpom ntau zaus:
- Lub armature tsis tig thaum lub mains txuas, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim tsis muaj tam sim no los yog nws tsis tiav.
- Tsis xav tau RPM. Ntawm no, ib qho hnav ris tsho tuaj yeem yog qhov ua tsis tiav.
- Overheating ntawm hluav taws xob motors. Hauv qhov no, muaj qee qhov laj thawj - los ntawm kev thauj khoom ntau dhau ntawm lub cuab yeej mus rau qhov ua pa tsis zoo.
- Lub suab nrov ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, nrog rau qhov pom ntawm cov pa taws. Lub lem ntawm tej coils yuav luv luv.
- Mechanism vibrates ntau - tshwm sim vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub kiv cua lossis lwm qhov ntawm lub zog. Qhov no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thaum kuaj pom.
- Lub khawm kaw tsis kam ua haujlwm. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum cov kev sib cuag ntawm lub tshuab nqus hlau nplaum "stick".
- Cov suab nrov nrov vim yog overheating ntawm cov kabmob. Qhov kev tawg zoo li no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib kis hnyav ntawm qhov chaw lossis nws hnav.
Qhov no tsis yog tag nrho cov npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm asynchronous electric motors (thiab lwm yam) uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob. Tsuas yog ib tus kws paub txog kev paub dhau los tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj. Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm qee qhov sib npaug sib npaug.
Uniform stator overheating
Qee zaum, cov hlau ua haujlwm ntawm lub stator ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob pib overheat, txawm hais tias lub load muaj qhov nominal tsis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cua sov tuaj yeem sib xws lossis tsis sib xws. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, qhov ua rau tej zaum yuav yog ib tug voltage uas siab tshaj tus nqi nominalLos yog nws yog tus kiv cua. Qhov ua rau ntawm qhov ua tsis tau zoo yog tshem tawm yooj yim - rau qhov no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txo cov load lossis ntxiv dag zog rau lub kiv cua.
Thaum txheeb xyuas lub cev tsis ua haujlwm, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas seb cov stator windings txuas li cas. Feem ntau nws tag nrho nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob:
- Delta kev twb kev txuas yog siv rau tus nqi qis.
- Wye kev twb kev txuas muaj rau siab dua voltage.
Ib lo lus, rau "daim duab peb sab" nws yog 220 V, thiab rau "lub hnub qub" nws yog 380 V. Txwv tsis pub, lub hwj chim unit yuav overloaded, uas yog fraught nrog nws overheating.
Tsis sib xws stator overheating
Thaum qhov kub tsis sib xws, muaj ntau yam laj thawj. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib qho tawg ntawm stator winding, luv luv rau lub tsev. Vim li no, cov hniav tsis tsuas hlawv tawm, tab sis kuj yaj.
Tsis tas li, luv luv ntawm qee daim phiaj los ntawm burrs tuaj yeem ua rau qhov no. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib cuag ntawm lub rotor nrog lub tsev stator tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm. Hauv qhov no, kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav raug txo kom txiav tawm cov khoom tsis raug, tshem tawm cov burrs. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los cais cov nplooj ntawv los ntawm ib leeg siv mica lossis cardboard tshwj xeeb.
Yog tias muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dhau, cov hlau ua haujlwm ntawm stator yog reinsulation ntawm txhua daim ntawv. Qhov chaw nres tsheb nws tus kheej yog rov ua dua.
Nws yog txhua yam hais txog lub rotor
Nrog cov hauv qab noCov cim qhia, qhov ua rau lub rotor malfunction yuav tsum tau nrhiav nyob rau hauv tsis zoo-zoo soldering ntawm nws Circuit Court:
- rotor overheating;
- Hmoob;
- braking;
- asymmetric nyeem ntawm tam sim no hauv theem.
Ua ntej koj pib kho lub rotor, koj yuav tsum xyuas seb qhov kev sib txuas ntawm nws cov windings tau ua zoo npaum li cas. Yog tias tsim nyog, nws tsim nyog rov muag dua, tib yam yuav tsum ua nrog cov chaw uas ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb.
Tej zaum kuj yuav muaj qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob vim qhov tseeb tias lub rotor nyob ruaj khov thiab qhib, txawm hais tias peb lub nplhaib muaj qhov sib npaug. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov ua rau ntawm lub malfunction, feem ntau yuav, nyob rau hauv lub so nyob rau hauv cov xov hlau txuas lub rotor mus rau lub pib rheostat. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog vim hnav ntawm liners, hloov ntawm cov kabmob shields, vim tias lub rotor pib nyiam mus rau stator. Kev kho lub rotor yog kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau kev hloov kho cov kabmob shields.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txhuam hniav thiab cov commutator tuaj yeem ua rau tawg lossis kub. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau ntau qhov laj thawj:
- txhuam tsis tau xaj;
- txhuam teeb tsis raug;
- txhuam qhov ntau thiab tsawg tsis phim qhov ntev ntawm tus tuav;
- Kev sib txuas tsis zoo ntawm txhuam hniav nrog fittings.
Hauv qhov no, nws txaus los teeb tsa cov txhuam hniav ua ke nrog cov tuav.
Kev vibrations
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev pom, qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Feem ntau muaj zog vibrations yog tshwm sim los ntawmQhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub rotor, clutch lossis pulley. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim los ntawm qhov tsis raug ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub shafts ntawm lub cuab yeej, qhov curvature ntawm kev sib txuas halves.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm lub rotor, uas koj yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm cov sib txuas sib txuas nrog cov rub. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau nruab nrab ntawm lub cav. Muab lub coupling ib nrab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb txoj hauj lwm, tab sis rau qhov no nws yuav tsum xub muab tshem tawm. Nrhiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas tsis zoo lossis tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd kho qhov tawg.
Cov Lus Qhia Tus Kheej
Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ib leeg tsis tas yuav xaus, uas tau lees paub los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij. Txhua qhov kev ntsuas tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj los ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.
Tshwj xeeb, ntawm ib feem ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nws yog qhov tsim nyog:
- Muab kev tiv thaiv lub cev muaj zog nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb.
- Nruab lub cev muaj zog mos pib. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom muaj kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm tsis yog lub zog hluav taws xob nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nws lub zog.
- Nruab lub thermal relay. Nrog rau nws, koj tuaj yeem zam dhau thermal overload, uas tseem ceeb heev rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
- Tsis suav cov dej noo ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab hauv nws cov kab noj hniav. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau, vim qhov no cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv.
- Yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tsis tu ncua. Qhov no yog ntxuav lub cav nws tus kheej los ntawm kev sib kis, lubricating cov bearings, ceev cov neeg sib cuag.
- Tsis yogkoom nrog kev kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso siab rau txoj haujlwm no rau cov kws tshaj lij.
Ntxiv rau, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm thiab tshem tawm nws, vim tias lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm yog nyob ntawm nws. Thiab, raws li koj paub, nws tsim nyog nws qhov hnyav hauv kub, yog tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua.
