Tus nqi hluav taws xob nce ntxiv, ib yam li nws qhov kev siv. Yog li ntawd, cov teeb meem ntawm kev accounting kom zoo tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam. Yog tias cov ntawv nyeem tau coj mus rau lub hli dhau los txawv ntawm lawv cov nqi tam sim no, koj yuav tsum tau mus xyuas lub txee. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau raws sijhawm ntawm nws tus kheej. Koj tsis tas yuav hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Yuav kuaj xyuas lub ntsuas hluav taws xob li cas rau kev nyeem kom raug yuav tau tham tom qab.
Kuv yuav kuaj thaum twg?
Rau ntau yam, cov tswv tsev lossis chav tsev yuav muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog seb lub ntsuas hluav taws xob puas ua haujlwm raug. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas mus xyuas nws. Nws yuav tsum to taub tias cov txheej txheem zoo li no tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev txheeb xyuas. Nws tsis muaj kev cai lij choj. Xws li ib daim tshev yog tsim nyog yog tias cov tswvtsis ntseeg qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob.
Yog tias qee qhov kev ua txhaum cai raug txheeb xyuas, koj yuav tsum hu rau lub koom haum tshwj xeeb. Nws cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav lees paub lossis tsis lees paub qhov tseeb tias lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Kev kuaj xyuas seb lub ntsuas hluav taws xob suav puas yog qhov yooj yim heev. Qhov no yog txheej txheem yooj yim uas yuav luag txhua tus tuaj yeem ua tau. Tab sis hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, kev txheeb xyuas yog qhov tsim nyog. Cov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no.
- Vim tsis paub yog vim li cas, lub zog siv zog tau nce ntxiv. Tib lub sijhawm, cov tswv tsis siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev ntxiv lawm, lawv tsis tau yuav cov khoom siv tshiab. Kev siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nce ntxiv yog tias koj yuav lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, cua txias, cua sov, multicooker, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm kilowatts siv ib hlis twg tuaj yeem nce ntxiv yog tias ntau tus neeg nyob hauv chav tsev lossis tus kheej lub tsev. Qee zaum, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntsuas no yuav yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv raws caij nyoog. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov tseeb li no, tab sis qhov taw qhia ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob nce ntxiv, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas.
- Cov ntsuas ntsuas tsis tau txo qis piv rau lub hli dhau los, txawm tias cov tswv tsis nyob hauv tsev ntev (tsawg kawg ib lub lis piam). Nws yuav tsum tau ceeb toom yog tias qhov ntsuas tau txo qis tsis txaus.
- Kev siv hluav taws xob, raws li lub ntsuas ntsuas, kom meej meej tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Npaj rau kev sim
Ua ntej kuaj xyuas qhov ua haujlwm raug ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob, koj yuav tsum ua qee cov kauj ruam npaj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tsis txhob suav nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm "tus kheej-propelled". Lo lus no yog siv los piav txog qhov xwm txheej thaum txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev raug kaw, tab sis lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tseem ua haujlwm, lub disk cua kub kilowatts.
Koj yuav tsum tawm ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau tua lub tshuab ib-ncej. Yog hais tias muaj plugs nyob rau hauv lub system, lawv yuav tsum tau unscrewed. Tom qab ntawd rau 15 feeb koj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej. Yog hais tias muaj ib tug disk nyob rau hauv lub system, lub sij hawm no nws yuav ua tau tsuas yog ib tug kiv puag ncig, tab sis tsis muaj ntxiv.
Thaum xav paub txog yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov raug nyeem ntawm Mercury electric meter lossis lwm cov qauv niaj hnub nrov, koj yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb qhia. Nws emits lub teeb pulses. Thaum cov khoom noj hauv lub tsev raug kaw tag, nws tuaj yeem tso tawm ib lub teeb liab xwb.
Nws tseem tsim nyog xav txog tias nws tsis yog tus qauv yog tias lub ntsuas ntsuas pom tsawg dua kilowatts ib hlis dua li ib txwm. Yog tias cov tswv tsis txwv lawv tus kheej hauv kev siv hluav taws xob, tab sis pom muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws, koj yuav tsum kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov kev txiav txim no yuav tsum tau ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob. Yog tias muaj qhov tsis xws luag, lub txee yuav tsum tau hloov. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, hu rau cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lub tuam txhab muab hluav taws xob. Lawv yuav ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tsim nyog. Yog tias nws hloov tawm tias tus neeg siv tau ua qee yam kev ua kom txuag nyiaj,ua txhaum txoj haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej, nws yuav them tus nqi nplua. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum ua txhua kauj ruam los xyuas cov cuab yeej ua tib zoo.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub nyiag hluav taws xob?
Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas lub ntsuas hluav taws xob kom raug nyeem ntawv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tshem tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm hluav taws xob tub sab. Yog tias tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tsev hauv chav tsev raug kaw, tab sis lub cuab yeej tseem suav cov kilowatts, qhov no yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Tab sis qee zaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev tsev, qhov xwm txheej no yuav qhia tau tias siv hluav taws xob tsis raug cai los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze. Hauv qhov no, cov xov hlau txuas ntxiv yuav mus rau hauv daim ntaub thaiv los ntawm koj lub 'meter'. Qee lub sij hawm nws nyuaj rau txiav txim siab yog tias tus neeg tsis yog tus kws tshaj lij hluav taws xob. Tangled twists tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txawm tias tus kws tshaj lij.
Kev ua phem los ntawm tus tswv
Qee lub sij hawm cov tswv ntawm chav tsev lawv tus kheej siv ntau txoj hauv kev txhawm rau txo qhov ceev ntawm kev suav hluav taws xob. Kev cuam tshuam sab nraud hauv qhov system tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub cuab yeej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav pom cov khoom siv ntxiv. Kev cuam tshuam tsis raug cai nrog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob muaj pov thawj los ntawm:
- Ib qhov drilled hauv lub cev. Nws yog siv los ua kom qeeb qeeb ntawm kev suav cov kilowatts nrog rab koob.
- Qhov tsis muaj iav ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob. Hloov chaw, lawv tuaj yeem ntxig cov duab thaij duab. Tab sis cov khoom zoo li no tawm tom qab ib txoj lw. Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj, nws yog qhov tsim nyogyuav nthuav tawm.
- Kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlua txuas ntxiv, vim qhov twg ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis raug kho. Xws li ib tug hlau yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tau nrog ib tug ntes. Nws feem ntau nkaum tom qab plaster lossis baseboards.
- Txhob nro ntsia hlau. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau yog tias tsis muaj lub foob ntawm lub ntsuas.
Kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem nrog lub tuam txhab kuaj xyuas, koj yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas lub cuab yeej kom puas. Kev tshuaj xyuas lub ntsuas hluav taws xob rau kev ua haujlwm kom tsim nyog yuav tsum pib nrog kev kuaj pom.
Tshuaj xyuas qhov txuas kom raug
Yuav ua li cas los xyuas seb lub ntsuas hluav taws xob suav puas raug? Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim seb lub cuab yeej txuas puas raug. Yog tias muaj kev ua txhaum cai, cov khoom siv yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom tsim nyog. Feem ntau, ib-theem nqi (ib-theem) meters tau teeb tsa hauv cov tsev. Cov cuab yeej no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib txuas ncaj qha. Koj yuav tsum tau saib seb cov xov hlau txuas li cas. Yog tias txhua yam nyob hauv kev txiav txim, koj yuav tsum siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb (clamp meters). Koj tuaj yeem yuav lawv ntawm lub khw tshwj xeeb lossis xauj ntawm tus kws hluav taws xob uas koj paub.
Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom siv nthuav tawm, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov khoom thauj twg ua haujlwm ntawm lub network. Thaum siv cov clamps tam sim no, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau ua cov kev suav ua kom nyuaj. Yog tias koj npaj yuav tshuaj xyuas lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los yuav cov khoom siv hauv khw tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav ua tau, ntawm qhov xav tau me ntsis, kom tau txais qhov tseebresult.
Yuav ua li cas los xyuas seb lub ntsuas hluav taws xob puas ua haujlwm zoo siv ntsuas clamps? Koj yuav tsum tau nyeem cov lus qhia ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv nthuav tawm. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau hloov qhov ntau mus rau ACA 200 txoj hauj lwm. Qhov no yog hom zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb kev sib txuas thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsuas.
Cov pliers yuav tsum tau qhib thiab tom qab ntawd kho nyob ib ncig ntawm cov xaim theem. Lawv yuav tsum npog tsuas yog ib lub xaim xwb. Koj tuaj yeem ntsuas ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob insulated uas tau coj mus rau hauv chav tsev. Cov txiaj ntsig yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov screen ntawm lub cuab yeej. Nws ntsuas hauv amperes. Qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum tau muab faib los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob (220 V). Cosine yuav tsum sib npaug 1.
Kev ntsuas yuam kev
Muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los xyuas seb tus ntsuas ntsuas puas raug. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis yog txhua tus muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov clamps tam sim no hauv tsev. Ib txoj hauv kev los kuaj xyuas cov cuab yeej suav yog txiav txim siab nws qhov yuam kev. Yuav kom paub, koj yuav tsum tau npaj ib lub teeb incandescent yooj yim uas yuav tsim ib lub nra. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau npaj lub laij lej thiab lub sijhawm nres. Kev ntsuas yuav raug muab coj los siv nrog lub multimeter. Nws yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj hluav taws xob. Tus xub multimeter tsis haum rau qhov no.
Siv lub teeb zoo tib yam thaum lub sijhawm kuaj tso cai rau koj kom tau txais qhov tseeb. Yog tias koj siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau cov laj thawj no, koj tuaj yeem tau txais qhov tsis raug. Daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cuab yeej. Tab sis ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv txawvhom kev khiav hauj lwm siv hluav taws xob sib txawv. Vim tias qhov no feature, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov yuam kev ntawm lub txee. Ib tug pa incandescent teeb ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Yog li ntawd, nws yog siv thaum kuaj.
Xav seb yuav kuaj xyuas seb lub ntsuas hluav taws xob puas ua haujlwm raug, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov txheej txheem nthuav tawm kom ntxaws.
Ua ntej, siv lub tshuab ntsuas ntau, koj yuav tsum ntsuas qhov voltage hauv lub network. Yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua tau li no yuav tsum tau nyeem hauv cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia. Qhov tshwm sim yuav luag tsis yog raws nraim 220V. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog 223V lossis qee qhov nqi. Nws sau rau ntawm ib daim ntawv.
Tom ntej, ntsuas lub teeb tam sim no. Tus tester rau qhov no yog pauv mus rau hom ammeter. Nws txuas nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov txiaj ntsig tshwm sim, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem yog 0.43 A. Yuav kom paub tias lub teeb lub teeb yuav muaj zog npaum li cas ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb no, koj yuav tsum ua qhov kev suav yooj yim:
223 × 0, 43=96 W
Qhov kev sib txawv no yog 4%, yog li tus qauv tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev suav. Tej zaum lawv yuav txawv ntawm cov duab tiag tiag.
Kev txiav txim tom ntej
Xav txog yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas lub ntsuas hluav taws xob kom raug nyeem ntawv, koj yuav tsum nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev suav cov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub network. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj kuj yuav tsum tau suav qhov tsis kam ntawm lub teeb. Ua li no, lub mains voltage muab faib los ntawm lub load ntawm cov khoom:
223 ÷ 0, 4=557.5 ohm
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib kuaj lub txee. Koj yuav tsum txuas lub teeb rau lub network. Tom qab ntawd nrog lub stopwatchNws yog ntsuas ntev npaum li cas lub txee blinks qhov ntsuas 10 zaug lossis ua 10 kiv puag ncig nrog lub disk. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tswj tau qhov voltage hauv lub network. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev ntsuas nws tau pom tias lub disk ua kaum revolutions nyob rau hauv 2 feeb (120 vib nas this). Lub sijhawm ntsuas hluav taws xob tseem nyob ntawm 223 V.
Tom ntej ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej koj yuav tsum nrhiav tus nqi tas li ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog 3,200 imp / kWh, piv txwv li. Lwm cov nqi yuav raug teev tseg. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum ua qhov kev xam raws li cov qauv hauv qab no:
PE=NS × NS ÷ SL, where
PE - teeb hluav taws xob noj (tiag), HC - mains voltage, SL - teeb tsis kam.
PE=223 × 223 ÷ 557, 5=89 W
Koj yuav tsum xam pes tsawg watts lub teeb noj thaum lub sij hawm xeem:
120 sec × 89 W ÷ 3600=2.97 Wh
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov yuam kev ntawm cov khoom suav, kev suav ua tiav:
1000 × tus naj npawb ntawm kev hloov pauv ÷ tus nqi tas li qhia rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej ntawm lub txee. Hloov cov nqi uas muaj, peb tau txais:
1000 × 10 ÷ 3200=3.13 Wh
Error=(2, 97 – 3, 13) ÷ 3, 13 × 100=-5%.
Qhov no yog qhov yuam kev me me. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom zoo. Qhov sib txawv ntawm 10% raug tso cai. Hauv qhov piv txwv qhia, lub txee ua haujlwm raug.
Magnetization
Xav txog yuav ua li cas txhawm rau ntsuas lub ntsuas hluav taws xob kom raug nyeem, koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov zoo li magnetization. Qee cov neeg siv siv cov hlau nplaum kom qeeb qhov suav nrawmkilowatt. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv tej yam zoo li no. Xws li ib tug ua kom yuam kev yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm xeem. Txhawm rau nkag siab tias yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim tshev.
Yog li, hauv cov qauv niaj hnub ntawm cov khoom siv nthuav tawm, piv txwv li, "Mercury", "Neva", "Energomer", thiab lwm yam., lub foob pob hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb raug teeb tsa. Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb uas yuav hloov xim yog tias lub 'meter' nres nyob rau hauv txoj kev no. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, tus neeg siv yuav raug liam tias siv hluav taws xob tsis raug cai thaum kuaj xyuas.
Hauv cov qauv ntsuas yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas kev noj qab haus huv. Ua li no, koj xav tau ib rab koob nyias nyias. Yog hais tias nws yog attracted rau lub txee vaj huam sib luag, ces nws yog magnetized. Tab sis nyob rau hauv xws li cov qauv, yog tias koj tshem tawm cov hlau nplaum, lub teb yog rov qab nyob rau hauv tsuas yog 2-3 hnub. Qee zaum, cov hlau nplaum tsis dhau. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, koj yuav tsum tau yuav ib tug tshwj xeeb demagnetizer.
Ob- thiab peb-tus nqi ntsuas
Nws yog qhov yooj yim los kuaj xyuas qhov kev ua haujlwm raug ntawm peb-theem lossis ob-theem hluav taws xob ntsuas. Cov khoom siv zoo li no muaj qee yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm hnub, tus nqi hluav taws xob suav los ntawm cov khoom siv no txawv. Thaum tsaus ntuj, tus nqi se yuav qis dua me ntsis thaum nruab hnub. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev suav no tso cai rau koj kom txo cov load ntawm lub network thaum nruab hnub.
Vim li no, ob- lossis peb-theem metres yog hu ua ob-tus nqi thiabpeb-tariff. Lawv pab txo koj cov nqi hluav taws xob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev noj tsis sib xws ua rau muaj kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig thaum nruab hnub thiab yav tsaus ntuj. Kev siv hluav taws xob hmo ntuj yog qhov zoo rau ib puag ncig.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv zoo li no yog cov kev xav tau siab uas tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej rau kev ua haujlwm raug ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txwv tsis pub, kev txuag nyiaj tseem ceeb yuav ua tsis tau.
Kuaj ob lub ntsuas tariff
Yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas ob lub ntsuas hluav taws xob kom raug nyeem? Koj yuav tsum ua raws li ob peb kauj ruam yooj yim. Ua ntej, qhov tseeb kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug kuaj xyuas. Cov cuab yeej tseem raug kuaj xyuas qhov muaj "tus kheej-propelled". Yog tias tsis pom muaj teeb meem hauv qhov ntsuas no, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov tseeb ntxiv.
Yuav kuaj xyuas lub ntsuas hluav taws xob li cas kom nyeem tau qhov tseeb? Tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug txiav tawm ntawm lub network, tag nrho cov tshuab uas tawm los ntawm daim ntaub thaiv yog qhib. Tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem saum toj no yog ua nrog lub teeb thiab multimeter.
