Tau ntau xyoo lawm, lub façade ntawm lub tsev cib tau zoo heev hauv kev thov thiab nrov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txawm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm xws vaj tse, koj muaj peev xwm kawm tau ntau yam tsis tsuas yog hais txog cov saj ntawm cov tswv, tab sis kuj hais txog lawv nyiam thiab kev ua neej.
Facades ntawm cib tsev (saib daim duab hauv qab no) nyiam mloog nrog lawv cov yeeb yuj thiab monumentality. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xws li hauv ob sab phlu yog qhov zoo heev. Qhov tseeb yog tias nws pheej yig dua rau clad lub tsev nrog cib dua li tsim nws los ntawm cov khoom siv no, vim tias qhov no, ntawm lwm yam, koj yuav tsum tau them tus nqi vim cov nqi zog ntawm kev tsim kho.
Tag lub façade ntawm lub tsev nrog cib muaj cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim. Thaum nws ua tiav, nruj ua raws li cov duab geometry yuav tsum tau ua. Nov yog tib txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub façade.
Hauv kev tsim kho niaj hnub no, cib cladding ntawm phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev yog ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xws li lub façade yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo rau peb qhov teeb meem ib zaug - ntxiv dag zog rau vaj tse, insulating nws thiab muab nws.ntxim nyiam saib. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub façade ntawm lub tsev cib yog ib qho kev qhuas rau cov neeg paub thiab cov phooj ywg.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Lub qhov cua façade ntawm lub tsev cib yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev, thiab muab nws nrog kev siv zog ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tswv yim zoo li no tuaj yeem ntxiv qee qhov chaw rau qhov chaw sab hauv los ntawm kev txav cov rwb thaiv tsev mus rau sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev.
Tiav lub façade ntawm lub tsev nrog cib muaj ntau yam zoo. Ntawm lawv:
- txo tus nqi cua sov hauv tsev los ntawm kev ua kom nws lub zog ua haujlwm tau zoo;
- kev kub ceev installation ua haujlwm;
- tawm tsam ntawm lub teeb-xim ci ci facade tsim vim qhov tsis tuaj yeem muaj ntsev stains rau nws;
- muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo txhua xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm;
- tsis muaj cov choj txias hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev sib tshooj;
- kom ntseeg tau qhov chaw nyob hauv microclimate hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev.
Ntau yam ntawm cov cib
Cov khoom siv los npaj cov facades ntawm lub tsev hu ua txawv. Peb paub nws li tig ntsej muag, pem hauv ntej thiab pem hauv ntej. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog tsis yog rau lub hom phiaj zoo nkauj xwb. Lub facade ntawm lub tsev yuav siv sij hawm rau ib puag ncig kev cuam tshuam. Tias yog vim li cas cov khoom uas nws tau tsim yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.
Cov khoom siv dab tsi los kho lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev cib? Cov no yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm nws, txawvntawm lawv tus kheej los ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom, muaj pes tsawg leeg, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Lawv cov npe suav nrog ceramic thiab silicate cib, nrog rau clinker thiab hyper-pressed sawv daws yuav. Cov khoom yog tsim, cov duab uas txawv ntawm cov duab plaub. Xws li ib lub cib hu ua zoo li tus. Xav txog txhua yam ntawm cov khoom no kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Ceramic cib
Ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom ob hom khoom no. Ceramic hniav cib yog khoom thiab hollow. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim cov khoom zoo li no nrog matte thiab glazed nto, siv tsuas yog cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov av nplaum hauv kev tsim khoom, uas muab cov khoom tiav nrog cov khoom zoo thiab zoo nkauj. Ceramic cib muaj qee qhov zoo. Ntawm lawv:
- Txoj kev. Daim duab no tau tiav vim qhov ntim me me ntawm porosity. Vim lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv, ceramic cib masonry tsis yog tsuas yog ruaj, tab sis kuj resistant rau vagaries ntawm huab cua.
- Frost resistance. Cov cuab yeej no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau vaj tsev nyob hauv thaj chaw huab cua txias. Frost kuj, ua ke nrog lub zog, yog lub ntsiab qhia ntawm durability ntawm cib.
- Variety. Cov tuam txhab lag luam niaj hnub tau tsim cov khoom siv ceramic cib ntawm txhua yam xim, duab thiab textures. Qhov kev sib txawv no tso cai rau kev tsim kho ntawm facades uas muab vaj tse zoo li cov tsev qub.
Cons ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem txiav txim siab:
- tus nqi siab vim kev ua ntau kauj ruam;
- xim txawv ntawm pawg;
- kev xav tau siab ntawm kev daws, vim tias hauvtxwv tsis pub, cov tsos ntawm cov quav hniav ntawm lub façade yog ua tau - efflorescence uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm evaporation ntawm ntxhia ntsev.
Silicate cib
Cov khoom siv no suav tias yog qhov siv nyiaj ntau tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev zoo thiab zoo kawg nkaus tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag los ntawm kev ya raws thiab kev puas tsuaj, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Ntau zaus lub cib no yog siv los tig lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev. Cov khoom no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov rau cov tsev nyob. Thiab nws yog txhua yam ua tsaug rau qhov no:
- Sustainability. Cov khoom xyaw ntawm silicate cib yog txiv qaub thiab xuab zeb. Ntawd yog, cov khoom siv ntuj tsim muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv.
- Frost tsis kam thiab lub zog. Cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua tiav façade uas tau lees paub txog li 50 xyoo.
- Ntau yam. Txhawm rau ua cov cladding ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud ntawm cov tsev, cov tuam txhab tsim cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab xim silicate cib. Nws ntau lub suab tau txais tom qab ntxiv cov khoom siv dag zog.
Ib qho tsis zoo ntawm silicate cib yog nws qhov pib qis ntawm cov cua sov thiab dej tsis kam. Hauv qhov no, muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv thaum lub hauv paus, nrog rau cov chimneys.
Clinker bricks
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws siv rau facade cladding. Hauv kev tsim cov clinker bricks, manufacturers siv ib tug tshwj xeeb technology nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb hom av nplaum. Lub cib raug rho tawm haujlwm hauv qhov cub kub ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 1000 degrees.
Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom no yog:
- Txoj kev. Cov khoom siv yog li tiv taus kev puas tsuaj uas nws dhau los ua cov pob zeb zoo hauv cov yam ntxwv no.
- Durability. Lub cladding yog guaranteed nyob rau 100 xyoo.
- Moisture absorption. Clinker cib tuaj yeem nqus tau li 8% ntawm cov dej. Xws li tus nqi qis yog ua tiav vim yog cov xwm txheej tsim thaum nws tua.
- Frost resistance. Cov khoom siv yog tsim rau 250-300 thaw thiab khov cycles.
- Kho kom zoo nkauj. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem cib, cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus qhia additives rau hauv av nplaum. Qhov no tso cai rau peb los tsim cov khoom hauv ntau hom xim, xws li beige-daj tones mus rau xim av tsaus.
Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab tig ntsej muag rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev tau sau tseg:
- tseem ceeb thermal conductivity;
- masonry nta uas yuav xav tau kev txawj tshwj xeeb vim yog maj mam nqus ntawm cov av noo los ntawm lub cib thiab nws qeeb adhesion rau hauv mortar;
- xim txawv, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau faib cov khoom ntawm phab ntsa;
- xav tau ib qho tshwj xeeb, kim dua.
Hyper-pressed cib
Cov khoom no yog hom pob zeb dag. Nws yog tsim los ntawm limestone, cement thiab crushed khib nyiab ntawm marble, dolomite thiab plhaub pob zeb. Hyper-pressed cib muaj lub zog siab, thiab yog li nws yog siv los ua kom tiav tsis tsuas yog lub tsev facades, tab sis kujlaj kab, gazebos, thiab rau kev npaj vaj txoj hauv kev.
Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom no yog:
- Lub zog thiab tsis tu ncua ntawm geometry. Raws li cov kev txwv no, nws tshaj qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic thiab silicate.
- Yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa. Lub façade ntawm lub tsev cib nrog cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv parallel nrog kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa, tab sis kuj tom qab kev tsim kho tiav.
- Haum rau hauv ob sab phlu. Cov khoom siv muaj ntau yam xim thiab ntau yam ntawm cov khoom zoo li tus. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los txiav thiab Frost-resistant, thiab kuj muaj dej tsis haum (tsuas yog 5-6%). Lub ntsej muag pem hauv ntej ntawm cov khoom no muaj cov chips uas zoo kawg nkaus ua cov pob zeb ntuj.
- Masonry zog. Qhov ntsuas no rau hyperpressed cib yog 1.5 npaug siab dua li ntawm ceramic. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau vim qhov kev txhim kho zoo ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom.
- Durability. Kev lees paub ntawm kev siv cov masonry ua los ntawm cov khoom no yog 150-200 xyoo.
Kev xaiv tiaj tus
Kev ua tiav cov façade ntawm cov tsev nrog cib (duab hauv qab no) tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yuav muab tus qauv tus kheej nta.
Cov kws tsim qauv thiab cov kws tsim vaj tsev siv cov kev xaiv sib txawv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj masonry thaum tsim lawv cov haujlwm, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb nrog cov xim. Txhua qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntxoov ntxoo thiab textures muab faib ua ob hom:
- Xim paj ntaub. Rau kev ua tiav cov façade ntawm cov tsev ntiag tug nrog cib, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho,ib yam li cov xim sib txawv. Rau nws, tsis poob, ib qho kev sib xyaw masonry raug xaiv uas muaj cov xim tsim nyog (txawm tias tsim nyog hauv cov suab los yog sib piv).
- Siv cov khoom muag ntawm ntau qhov kev ntxhib los mos thiab xim. Txoj kev no ntawm kev ua cib facades ntawm cov tsev ntiag tug tso cai rau koj los qhia txog ntau yam ntawm lub tsev thiab hais txog nws cov kab tseem ceeb.
Qhov twg ntawm cov kev xaiv cladding yog qhov zoo dua? Thaum xaiv nws, koj yuav tsum tso siab rau cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no:
- tsom mus rau lub tsev architectural style;
- xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm zoo, muab rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov rais thiab cov ces kaum nrog qee cov xim, uas yog, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb;
- txhawm rau khaws cia qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev, ua rau nws pab pawg nkag, txoj hauv kev thiab laj kab nrog cov rooj vag hauv tib lub tsev tsim qauv.
Kev npaj cladding ntawm ntoo qauv
Lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev cib feem ntau nrhiav los ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub tsev tsim los ntawm lub cav lossis ntoo. Txoj kev no tso cai rau tsis tsuas yog los kho cov qauv, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau nws lub neej kev pab cuam. Tom qab ua tiav cov haujlwm no, lub tsev yuav tau txais cov khoom zoo thiab ua kom ruaj khov. Thiab lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog tias nws tus nqi hauv kev lag luam vaj tsev yuav nce ntxiv.
Cia li xav txog lub cib façade ntawm ib-zaj tsev. Txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm cov cladding no yuav muaj peb theem:
- Npaj ua ntej tom tsev. Tus tswv yuav tsum paub tseeb tiastus qauv muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov hnyav ntxiv. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas cov qauv thiab xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov plag tsev. Yog tias muaj cov kab nrib pleb, nrog rau cov kab nrib pleb thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj rau lawv, cov khoom ntoo yuav tsum tau hloov nrog cov khoom tshiab. Tom qab ntawd, lub façade yuav tsum tau kho nrog antiseptic impregnation, nrog rau cov nplaim retardant (nplaim retardant).
- Phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev. Cov theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm no yog ua raws li qhov kev thov ntawm tus tswv. Cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws rau facade rwb thaiv tsev yog ntxhia wool. Cov khoom no yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog huab cua ncig thiab yuav cia cov phab ntsa ntoo "ua pa", uas yuav ua rau lawv lub neej ntev.
- Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau theem no ntawm kev tsim kho façade, tso cov av nplaum lossis silicate cib yog nqa tawm. Nws qhov deb ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum yog 5 cm. Rau lub zog, masonry yog tsau nrog galvanized pins.
Txhim kho lub ntsej muag cib lossis pob zeb
Ua haujlwm kev teeb tsa ntawm kev tsim kho lub façade ntawm cov tsev no muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Ntawm lawv:
- rwb thaiv tsev. Rau cov tsev uas nws cov phab ntsa yog ua los ntawm cib thiab pob zeb, ib qho khoom siv uas tsis tso cai rau huab cua los ntawm (piv txwv li, ua npuas ncauj yas) yog siv. Thaum ua cov rwb thaiv tsev siv cov iav ntaub plaub, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov kab xev nplaum. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev yog txuas rau phab ntsa siv cov phaj zoo li dowels.
- Nkauj. Thaum masonry yog ua los ntawm facade cib, nws txuas nrog lub rhaub. Self-tapping screws yog sivntawm cov tais diav zoo li dowels.
Cib zoo li ua tiav
Yuav ua li cas cov tswv yuav ua li cas leej twg xav kho lub ntsej muag ntawm lawv lub tsev, tab sis tsis muaj nyiaj txiag txaus thiab sijhawm? Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov ntaub ntawv yuav tuaj rau lawv cov kev pab uas nws yuav muaj peev xwm mus xyaum brickwork. Cov khoom no yog:
- façade vuas lossis panels nrog cov qauv sib xws;
- brick siding;
- clinker vuas.
Txhua cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no yooj yim thiab siv tau los saib xyuas thiab siv. Lawv siv los ua kom tiav cov phab ntsa ntawm lub facade thiab plinths. Nrog lawv pab, lawv kuj kho qhov qhib thiab lwm yam.
Cov tuam txhab niaj hnub muab ntau cov khoom siv nrog ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Tag nrho cov no tso cai rau koj los tsim lub cib zoo li lub tsev, uas nyuaj rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov tiag.
Pem hauv ntej style
Cib tau siv los ua lub tsev thiab cov khoom siv rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Tau ntau xyoo, nws txoj kev siv tau ua rau muaj kev tsim ntau yam thiab txoj hauv kev los kho cov tsev. Cov qauv tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem taug qab hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov tsev niaj hnub no yog:
- lus Askiv style. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm facades ntawm liab cib tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias cov khoom siv xim av kuj yuav tsis ua txhaum cai ntawm canons. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus Askiv style yog cov duab uas pom tseeb hauv lawv cov duab geometry, txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv décor thiab palette, nrog rau qhov sib npaug zoo nrog lub ntsej muag me me. Qhov txawv yog qhov tsis muajpem teb hauv qab daus nrog ib qho tseem ceeb tivthaiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug attic.
- Gothic style. Nws siv rau lub teb chaws tsev yuav radically hloov lub tsev. Nws yuav tam sim ntawd tig mus rau hauv tus kheej fortress. Tab sis tsis zoo li medieval castles, xws li lub tsev yuav muaj tag nrho cov amenities. Gothic style yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov kab nruj ntawm lub façade, lined nrog cib. Lub xub ntiag ntawm forged ntsiab kuj yuav tsum tau. Xws li facades ntawm tsev yog ua los ntawm cov cib sib txawv. Tab sis qhov ntxhib ntau dua cov khoom siv, qhov kev lim hiam ntau dua yuav saib. Yuav kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb, cov xim ntawm cov luas thiab lub ru tsev yuav tsum sib txawv.
- Provence lossis lub tebchaws. Cov qauv no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas qhia txog lub neej dawb hauv lub tebchaws, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov tsev zoo li no zoo nkauj heev thiab xis nyob. Thaum decorating cib facades nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, plaster thiab ntoo feem ntau yog siv. Cov xim ntawm cov khoom yuav txawv. Tab sis kev lig kev cai, grey, dawb thiab xiav tones raug xaiv rau Provence style. Lub façade rau lub teb chaws yog ua los ntawm cib ntawm cov xim sov - los ntawm mos beige mus rau nplua nuj curry.
- European style. Nws muab cov kev cai ntawm cov neeg ntawm Netherlands, Austria, Denmark thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Raws li txoj cai, facades ntawm European-style tsev muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub tsev (medieval technologies) nrog cib, plaster thiab pob zeb. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub teeb xim yog siv rau cov style no.
