Yuav ua li cas kom tiav qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj: cov tswv yim nthuav thiab ua-nws-koj tus kheej ua tiav cov txheej txheem

Cov txheej txheem:

Yuav ua li cas kom tiav qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj: cov tswv yim nthuav thiab ua-nws-koj tus kheej ua tiav cov txheej txheem
Yuav ua li cas kom tiav qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj: cov tswv yim nthuav thiab ua-nws-koj tus kheej ua tiav cov txheej txheem

Video: Yuav ua li cas kom tiav qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj: cov tswv yim nthuav thiab ua-nws-koj tus kheej ua tiav cov txheej txheem

Video: Yuav ua li cas kom tiav qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj: cov tswv yim nthuav thiab ua-nws-koj tus kheej ua tiav cov txheej txheem
Video: Yuav tawm ntawm txoj kev txom nyem tau li cas? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Hauv cov tsev niaj hnub no, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj. Nyob rau hauv daim duab, ua tiav cov hauj lwm zoo heev txaus nyiam, vim hais tias cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj mus rau visually nthuav qhov chaw thiab muab aesthetic tiav rau cov phab ntsa sab hauv. Feem ntau, cov partitions tsis ntsia nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev thiab lub tsev, chav ua noj thiab chav nyob. Tsis muaj tsawg nthuav yog cov lus nug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv rau qhov no. Yuav ua li cas kho lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj siv ntau hom décor tau piav qhia hauv qab no.

Thaum koj tsis kam lub qhov rooj

Tshem tawm lub qhov rooj thaiv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm redevelopment ntawm chav tsev tso cai rau koj mus nthuav qhov chaw los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua tuag cheeb tsam, uas yog tseg rau qhib lub qhov rooj sab hauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem tawm ib qho ntawm qhov qhib hauv chav nyob yam tsis muaj partitions. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev qhib rau chav dej lossis pantry yuavsaib weird thiab ua dag. Hauv chav pw, ib yam nkaus, tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj. Raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj kev sib cais ntawm qhov chaw, cov cheeb tsam no tau txiav tawm ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ceev ntiag tug thiab kev sib raug zoo. Yam tsawg kawg ntawm daim ntaub los yog zawv zawg cov ntxaij vab tshaus tseem pom zoo.

Hauv chav ua noj uas lub qhov cub tau nruab, raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb, nws kuj yog qhov tsis xav kom nyob twj ywm yam tsis muaj kev faib tawm. Nws raug nquahu kom laj kab tawm ntawm chav ua noj nrog qhov tsawg kawg ntawm zawv zawg tshuab. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov cub hauv chav ua noj, lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj feem ntau yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov txee, cov racks zoo nkauj, uas yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo hauv tsev, cov duab kos thiab lwm yam khoom zoo nkauj.

Ib qho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab yooj yim yog tawm hauv qhov chaw dawb thaum sib txuas ib chav lossis chav ua noj nrog lub loggia. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub qhov rais-qhov rooj thaiv raug tshem tawm tag nrho. Yog hais tias lub loggia tau nruab ua ib qho chaw so, chaw ua haujlwm lossis chav pw ntxiv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los faib qhov chaw tsawg kawg nrog ib qho screen lossis curtains.

Open passage to be

Qhov tsis muaj lub qhov rooj tso cai rau koj hais txog kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub tsev. Cov qhov qhib uas muaj cov duab zoo ib yam thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khoom zoo sib xws zoo li organically. Ntau tus txaus siab tsis tsuas yog yuav ua li cas kom tiav lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj, tab sis kuj yog qhov zoo dua los siv ib qho los yog lwm qhov cladding.

Qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj txuas ntxiv
Qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj txuas ntxiv

Tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj, koj tuaj yeem pom kev nthuav dav ntawm chav tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, huab cua circulates zoo dua los ntawm qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj (yuav ua li cas kom tiav txoj kev,nyeem hauv qab no), yog li txawm nyob hauv tsev nrog chav me me, microclimate yuav fresher thiab xis dua. Koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj lawv thaum kho lub tsev studio. Ib cheeb tsam uas twb muaj lawm yuav tsum tsis txhob cluttered nrog lub qhov rooj, yog li ua tiav nrog cov iav stained, mosaics, txhim kho lub txee bar ua ib qho cais ntawm chav ua noj thiab thaj chaw ua si yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.

Arched passage: cov ntawv thiab kev xaiv

Arch yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub uas feem ntau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho chav tsev. Nws tso cai rau koj los ua kom txoj kev ntawm cov chav freer, tawm hauv qhov qhib ntawm qhov raug duab plaub los yog puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov tsev loj, lub koov tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj loj.

Yog tias chav tsev muaj qab nthab siab, feem ntau qhov kev nyiam yog muab rau cov kev xaiv tsim classic rau lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj, uas muaj ib qho kev teeb tsa semicircular. Rau cov chav qis, ellipsoidal arches yog qhov tsim nyog dua. Ib qho tseem ceeb thiab txawv tshaj plaw los txhim kho qhov chaw sab hauv yog tsim kom muaj ib qho kev teeb tsa uas tsis yog tus qauv: asymmetric, triangular lossis trapezoidal. Ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm cov duab plaub qhib, cov ces kaum uas muaj qhov sib npaug protrusion. Tab sis qhov kev xaiv no tsis haum rau qhov nqaim aisles (qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm txoj kab yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 80 cm).

Yuav nrhiav dab tsi: lub ntsiab pros thiab cons

Yog tias koj saib daim duab ntawm qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj, koj tuaj yeem pom nrog qhov muag liab qab ntau qhov zoo. Thawj yam uas catches koj lub qhov muag yog kev sib sau ntawm qhov chaw,kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov cua hauv chav. Lub tsev yuav dawb, sib dua, thaum txhua qhov chaw tsis poob nws txoj haujlwm. Lub chav ua mov tseem yog chav ua noj, thiab chav tsev yog qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov thiab so.

Qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj: kho kom zoo nkauj, duab
Qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj: kho kom zoo nkauj, duab

Thaum ua tiav qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj, cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog siv uas tsis tas yuav muaj kev saib xyuas nyuaj. Qhov tsis muaj ib qho thaiv interroom tshem tawm qhov xoob ntawm cov nyiaj nyiag los vim qhov qhib thiab kaw tas li ntawm daim ntaub, tshem tawm qhov chaw tuag tsis ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem kho qhov chaw nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo, txawm tias muaj peev nyiaj tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo li no yuav siv nyiaj ntau dua li kev txhim kho lub qhov rooj ntoo kim.

Hais txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov qhib qhov rooj, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tsuas yog tsis muaj kev ceev ntiag tug xwb. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ces rau chav dej, chav dej, pantry thiab chav pw nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Qhov cua pub dawb ntawm chav kuj muaj nws qhov rho tawm. Cov lus qhib ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau heev thaum tsis muaj lub hood muaj zog txaus hauv chav ua noj: vim tsis muaj lub qhov rooj, aromas thaum ua noj thiab roj vapors nqa thoob plaws hauv chav tsev.

Npaj theem

Ua ntej pib tsim lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj, koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog txoj kev npaj kho qhov kev tshem tawm thiab xaiv qhov kev teeb tsa rau nws. Qee qhov xwm txheej, nws tsis tshua muaj nqi los ua kom zoo li qub ntawm txoj kev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xaiv ntawm no feem ntau nyob ntawmcov ntaub ntawv uas tau npaj los siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm tus tswv.

Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ua-nws-koj tus kheej kev txhim kho kev xaiv yog tshem tawm lub qhov rooj thaiv, nyiag khoom thiab tsim lub voj voos qhib. Txawm tias tus tswv tsis muaj kev paub dhau los tuaj yeem tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no ntawm nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ciam teb, qhov kawg contours ntawm phab ntsa yog kab nrog cov vuas luaj, ntoo, pob zeb, stucco, sheathed nrog MDF lossis yas.

Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm daim duab, thaum tsim cov qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj, feem ntau lawv xaiv qhov kev lees paub ntawm cov duab tsis zoo asymmetric. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los ua kom zoo li no los ntawm cov ntawv ntsa qhuav. Qee zaum LED teeb pom kev zoo yog siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, niches thiab txee raug txiav tawm. Cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb, tsis zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab tuaj yeem nkaum qhov tsis zoo me me hauv cheeb tsam nkag.

Yuav ua li cas rau theem saum npoo

Nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv twg yuav raug xaiv ua tiav, kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog ua tiav. Ib lub qhov rooj zoo nkauj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj tuaj yeem tau los ntawm ennobling nws nrog cov khoom sib tov zoo nkauj. Tom qab tshem tawm cov qub qhov rooj thaiv, cov nyiaj nyiag los, lawv tsim ib qho ntxhib tiav los ntawm plastering nto. Tom qab ntawd cov txheej yog ua tib zoo ntxuav nrog sanding ntawv - txoj kev no nws yuav ua tau kom tsis txhob tev txheej txheej yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev ua tiav, nws raug nquahu kom siv lub tsev theem lossis cov kav dej, cov fab hlau.

Yog tias nws tau txiav txim siab los kho cov kab lus nrog nyiaj siv ua haujlwm décor (piv txwv li, PVC panels lossis pob zeb vuas), kho qhov qhib nrogqib yog xaiv tau. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis txhob hnov qab xyuas qhov chaw kom pom tseeb qhov tsis xws luag, pob, kev nyuaj siab. Tib yam siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub crate: cov hlau ruaj khov lossis ntoo thav duab yuav zais txhua qhov tsis txaus.

Ua tiav qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj
Ua tiav qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj

Qhov ntau yam thiab ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom tiav lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj, raws li daim duab, yog plasterboard hauv ob sab phlu. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub nto yog zoo kawg nkaus tiaj tus, yog li tsis muaj yuav tsum tau ua nws ntxiv. Rau kev tsim ntawm lub koov, phab ntsa ntub dej yog suav tias yog cov khoom siv yooj yim tshaj plaws, txij li tom qab kev teeb tsa nws tuaj yeem muab tso rau tam sim ntawd, pleev xim lossis wallpapered. Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thaum ua koj tus kheej txoj kev taug kev, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov primer, vim nws yuav muab kev sib raug zoo ntawm phab ntsa thiab cov khoom sib tov zoo nkauj.

Plastering nto ua ntej pleev xim

Vim qhov yooj yim thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv, qhov ua tiav no tuaj yeem hu ua qhov nrov tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, plastered nto yog cov tswv yim hauv kev siv ntxiv thiab khaws nws cov tsos qub rau ntau xyoo.

Ua ntej koj pib siv plaster, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov chaw tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Lawv raug them nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis ntawv xov xwm. Tom qab ntawd txoj haujlwm tau ua raws li hauv qab no:

  1. Kev ntxuav qhov qhib los ntawm cov khoom qub.
  2. Kho cov beacons. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau knead ib tug me me ntawm mortar thiab kho lub perforated ces kaum ntawm phab ntsa los txhim kho lawv raws.qib.
  3. Ib lub masonry reinforcing mesh yog tsau ntawm lawv.
  4. Tom ntej no, lub tsev sib tov yog npaj rau hauv qhov xav tau ntim.
  5. Siv tej spatula, qhov sib tov yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm chaotic yam, ces smoothed siv ib tug tej yam txheej txheem, tsim ib tug zoo meej tiaj tus nto.
Qhov rooj mus rau chav ua noj tsis muaj qhov rooj
Qhov rooj mus rau chav ua noj tsis muaj qhov rooj

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tej zaum yuav muaj ntau txheej ntawm plaster, tab sis txhua qhov ntawm lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 2 cm., uas yuav cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub durability ntawm lub tiav. Thaum cov thev naus laus zis tau ua raws li qhov raug, nws tsuas yog tos kom lub ntsej muag qhuav. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov ua tiav ntawm qhov qhib - pleev xim, wallpapering, siv cov khoom sib tov zoo nkauj.

Ua haujlwm nrog cov phab ntsa ntub dej, kev teeb tsa ntawm txoj kab nqes thiab arches

Yog tias cov style sab hauv tso cai rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub thav duab es tsis txhob ntawm lub qhov rooj, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov ntawv phab ntsa ntub dej thiab cov hlau profile. Rau kev tsim cov koov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sib sau ua ke ib lub thav duab ua los ntawm cov khoom siv galvanized. Tus qauv tsim profile txhais cov duab ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Yog hais tias nws cov duab, loj, symmetry suits, mus rau sheathing tus ncej nrog fragments txiav los ntawm plasterboard los xij. Rau kev kho, tus kheej tapping screws yog siv. Lub arch tiav yog kho nrog primer. Tom qab ziab, perforated ces kaum yog glued rau nws, them nrog putty thiab sanded.

Gypsum board tuaj yeem siv thaum ntsib qhov rooj. Yog tsis muaj lub siab xav ua archedcov qauv, cov phab ntsa ntub dej yog txuas rau ntawm phab ntsa, thiab qhov kev tso cai yog ennobled los ntawm tha xim nrog dej-raws li xim los yog wallpapering.

Txoj kev kho kom zoo nkauj nrog pob zeb zoo nkauj

Txhawm rau kho lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj rau hauv chav, lawv feem ntau siv qhov kev xaiv ua tiav no. Qhov no yog ib qho stylish thiab niaj hnub kev daws teeb meem uas yog ua ke nrog classic hom ntawm sab hauv. Cov pob zeb zoo nkauj siv los ua kom tiav lub qhov rooj yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm ntuj thiab hluavtaws dyes.

Ua qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj
Ua qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj

Thaum ntsib txoj hauv kev, nws tsis tas yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv. Feem ntau, ib lub pob zeb zoo nkauj yog nteg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter nrog torn npoo. Cov vuas uas muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus zoo nkauj yog tsim rau cov qauv loj, piv txwv li, lawv ua tiav cov txheej txheem nkag rau sab nraud ntawm lub tsev, tab sis lawv tsis haum rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv hauv chav tsev me me. Rau lub hom phiaj no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv pob zeb nrog cov qauv yooj yim.

Cov pob zeb zoo nkauj tau yooj yim txiav nrog lub kaum sab xis, tab sis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los siv cov khoom npaj ua kom zoo nkauj zoo li no. Kev txhim kho cov khoom siv yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov nplaum nplaum rau cov vuas lossis cov ntsia hlau ua kua.

Kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm txoj kab nrog platbands thiab txuas ntxiv

Qhov kev siv nyiaj-phooj ywg ua tiav no haum rau lub qhov rooj zoo li qub. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav cov qauv ntawm kev tshem tawm yam tsis muaj sijhawm thiab nyiaj txiag ntau, cov strips tshwj xeeb yog siv. Platbands thiab extensions lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj tuaj yeem ua tautxhim kho hauv ob peb teev.

hom kev ua tiav no suav nrog kev siv cov khoom npaj ua los yog ua hauv tsev ua los ntawm cov ntoo, MDF boards lossis yas panels. Qhov kev xaiv kawg muaj tus nqi qis tshaj.

Cov npoo ntawm MDF classic txuas ntxiv siv los kho cov kab lus tsis muaj cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj, yog li cov trims yuav tsum tau koom nrog telescopic lossis cov uas muaj ntug. Tom qab ntawd tus tsim yuav tau txais kev pom zoo. Yog tias tsuas yog siv cov kev txuas classic nkaus xwb, qhov kawg raug kaw nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo nkauj los nkaum cov pob qij txha.

Qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj, yees duab
Qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj, yees duab

Platbands yog tiaj, sib npaug, nrog lub ntsej muag angular lossis lwm cov duab. Qee zaum ntoo txuas ntxiv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog carvings. Cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem kho nrog cov kua nplaum, rau tes, tus kheej tapping screws. Telescopic architraves thiab extensions yog fastened nrog lub xauv rau ib tug pre-ntsia bar.

YSiv MDF boards

Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tiav qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj yam tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis tsim nyog thiab poob sijhawm? Ntau tus pom zoo kom kho qhov sib txawv nrog MDF panels. Kev tsim cov khoom siv no muab cov lus pom zoo nkauj thiab siv tau. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau khaws cov platbands rau MDF panels. Lub ntsiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov ua tiav no yog cov dej tsis zoo. MDF ntshai ntawm dampness, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nws thaum ua ib txoj hauv kev hauv chav ua noj tsis muaj lub hood. Yog tias nws ntsia saum lub qhov cub, qhov ua tiav yuav kav ntev dua.

txhawm rau txhawm rau qhib nrog MDF boards, koj yuav tsum xub tsim ib lub thav duab los ntawm cov ntoo slats, ces txiav cov panels kom loj thiab kho lawv nrog tshwj xeeb.hlau fasteners. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv tus kheej, cov planks tau koom nrog siv tus nplaig-thiab-groove locking technology. MDF panels tsis muaj xauv yog muab tso rau hauv cov kua nplaum siv cov kev daws teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub thav duab ntawm cov qauv tsis yog pre-constructed. Txhawm rau muab cov strips, koj xav tau ib lub tiaj tiaj tiaj. Cov pob qij txha thiab qhov tsis xws luag tau muab zais rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo nkauj, thiab cov npoo yog thav duab nrog platbands.

Stucco decoration

Gypsum molding feem ntau yog siv los tsim lub qhov rooj zoo nkauj tsis muaj qhov rooj. Qhov no décor zoo li kim thiab elegant, tab sis muaj ib tug tseem ceeb drawback - fragility nrog hnyav hnyav. Yog tias chav tsev muaj lub qab nthab siab txaus, nws sab hauv yog ua los ntawm Venetian lossis lwm yam zoo sib xws, lub qhov rooj yog dai kom zoo nkauj tsis yog plaster, tab sis nrog cov ntsiab lus polyurethane, uas yog ruaj, lub teeb thiab tuaj yeem pleev xim.

Yuav ua li cas kom lub qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj?
Yuav ua li cas kom lub qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj?

Rau qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm stucco, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsim tau qhov chaw tiaj tus. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ib tug tob tob primer yog siv. Polyurethane cov ntsiab lus yog glued rau ib tug qhuav, du nto. Sai li qhov kho tus neeg sawv cev hardens, npaj mus rau kev sib khi cov seams, puttying thiab sanding nrog sandpaper.

PVC panels hauv ennoblement ntawm sab hauv kab

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ennobling lub qhov rooj yog yuav luag zoo tib yam rau tag nrog MDF panels. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntawv yas rau ntawm phab ntsa, siv cov hlua khi thiab khi lawv rau txoj kab nqes. Cov ntsiab lus kawg ntawm tus ncej yog PVC trim, uas yog ntsia rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia bar. Ua ntejdua li ua kom tiav lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj nrog PVC panels, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lawv yog cov khoom siv luv luv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv tam sim ntawd tuaj yeem ua rau deformation ntawm cov yas. Tias yog vim li cas nws tsis xav tau clad arches nrog PVC panels, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv npaj tau muag hauv khw muag khoom kho vajtse.

Cov ntaub thaiv qhov rooj

Ua qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj, yees duab
Ua qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj, yees duab

Qee tus xav txog txoj hauv kev no rau kev txo qhov chaw hauv chav tsev ib qho qub txeeg qub teg, tab sis yog tias koj them sai sai rau cov qauv kev zam tam sim no, koj yuav pom tias nws muaj ntau heev. Txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau yog txhawm rau txhim kho cornice thiab xaiv cov ntaub thaiv los ntawm cov khoom siv uas yuav tsis cuam tshuam qhov qhib.

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