Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm sab hauv lossis nkag qhov rooj yog faib qhov chaw thiab ua kom nws cais tawm ntawm lwm chav lossis thaj chaw. Hom kev thaiv no tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm lub suab, tsw, tso cai rau koj so haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev los no tau muaj qhov xav tau nce qhov chaw los ntawm kev tshem tawm sab hauv partitions. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tib neeg tau ntsib nrog cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom haum rau sab hauv ntawm chav tsev.
Npaj kom tiav
Kev npaj ntawm qhov qhib sab hauv yog nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xaiv. Yog hais tias koj npaj yuav decorate qhov qhib nrog ib tug zoo nkauj finishing sib tov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los prime lub nto, thiab ces ntxhib tag nrog zoo tib yam cement plaster. Tom qab ziab, qhov saum npoo yog ua tib zoo polished nrog ib daim ntawv zoo dispersed. Yog li ntawd, lub plastercracking thiab tsis chipping. Kev siv lub tsev theem pib yuav txuag cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov txheej tiav. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb, txij li txhua tus tswv npau suav ntawm ennobling lub qhov rooj ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj.
Kho kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khoom siv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm (cov vuas, pob zeb dag, PVC vaj huam sib luag) tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav ntawm cov kav dej, nws txaus los tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag: pits, tubercles. Yog hais tias lub lathing yuav ua tiav nrog ib tsob ntoo los yog ib qho profile, qhov ntxhib tiav tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Kev siv cov phab ntsa ntub dej kuj tsis muab rau plastering thiab tu qhov chaw tom qab nws fastening. Qhov qhib tuaj yeem dai kom zoo nkauj tam sim ntawd yam tsis muaj kev npaj ntxiv.
lus qhia los ntawm tus tswv
Cov tuam txhab niaj hnub muab ntau yam khoom siv los ua kom tiav qhov qhib ntawm lub qhov rooj sab hauv thiab sab nrauv. Ntawm lawv, muaj cov kev xaiv kim thiab cov kev xaiv pheej yig dua.
Kev xaiv ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim, xav tau thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum yuav cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ntau cov lus pom zoo los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm yuav ua li cas rau ennoble lub qhov rooj:
- Tsis tas yuav skimp ntawm qhov ntau lossis zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav. Yog li, piv txwv li, thaum npaj ua ib lub crate ntoo, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov kab nrib pleb, tawg los yog rot thiab siv tsuas yog cov tsis puas.
- Thaum yuav cov khoom ntim rau hauv ntau lub thawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xyuas cov lej ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj. Yog hais tias lawv txawv, ces nws yogqhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim thiab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pob.
- Lub neej ntawm cov khoom, nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus txhua hnub kev ntxhov siab - qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum yuav.
Cov lus qhia no yog qhov tsim nyog ua ntej ntawm tag nrho rau cov neeg uas tab tom mus ennoble lub qhov rooj nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes.
YPlaster
Hom kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm qhov rooj feem ntau suav tias yog plaster. Qhov no yog vim lub simplicity ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, tus nqi pheej yig qeb thiab practicality nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntawm cov khoom. Xav txog yuav ua li cas kom muaj lub qhov rooj nrog cov khoom no.
Ua ntej koj pib ua tiav, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov ntaub hauv pem teb, koj yuav tsum npog nrog cov ntawv xov xwm lossis polyethylene.
Kev ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no:
- Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum tau npaj qhov qhib, tshem tawm cov txheej qub thiab ua rau saum npoo.
- Tom qab ntawd lawv knead me ntsis muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab siv qib tsev kho cov beacons ntawm phab ntsa.
- Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntxiv mesh rau kev ua haujlwm masonry yog nruab nrab ntawm lawv.
- Cov tshuaj yog tov rau hauv qhov xav tau.
- Siv ob lub spatula, lub tsev sib tov yog siv rau qhov chaw npaj rau hauv chaotic yam, ces txheej yog leveled siv txoj cai.
Kom tsis txhob tsim cov voids thiab tawg, txhua txheej yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 2 hli. Cov txheej dhau los yuav tsum tau qhuav kom huv si thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd siv ib qho tshiab. Rau kho kom zoo nkauj(thaum pleev xim, wallpapering) koj tuaj yeem ua tiav thaum txheej txheej kawg ntawm plaster dries. Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev npaj ua tiav, koj tuaj yeem mus rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas txhawm rau lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj (cov duab piv txwv tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus) thiab sab hauv ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub tsev.
Clinker vuas, mosaic
Cia peb xav txog thawj hom khoom. Kev ua tiav nrog cov vuas clinker yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los daws qhov teeb meem yog tias koj xav tau ennoble lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug lossis tsev me los ntawm sab hauv. Tsis muaj kev cai tshwj xeeb rau kev tso, nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm tus tsim ntawm chav tsev. Cov classic version suav nrog kev tsim ntawm pob tw-rau-ntxuav nrog cov npoo du nyob ib puag ncig ntawm qhov qhib. Cov qauv niaj hnub tuaj yeem ua ke nrog scalloped, ntaiv, chaotic styling.
Lub ntsej muag qhib sab hauv nrog mosaics lossis vuas tsis yog qhov nyuaj, nws tsis xav tau ntau xyoo ntawm kev paub thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv theem:
- Ntawm qhov chaw npaj ua ntej, cov cim tau ua raws li qhov loj ntawm cov pobzeb. Ua raws li nws, kab yuav ua rau yav tom ntej.
- Yog tias tso ua tiav ntawm phab ntsa ntub dej lossis lwm qhov chaw tiaj tiaj, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntsia hlau ua kua. Txwv tsis pub, cov nplais nplaum yuav sib xyaw.
- Ib txheej ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke yog siv rau sab nraub qaum ntawm cov pobzeb thiab sib npaug sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw, qhov tshaj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
- Tom qab ntawd cov pobzeb siv rau ntawm phab ntsa raws li qhov cim, nias thiab tuav ob peb feeb. Nruab nrab ntawm cov vuasntxig yas glazing hlaws dai uas tuav ib qho seam. Tom qab ziab, lawv raug tshem tawm.
Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov vuas clinker lossis mosaics, nws tseem ceeb heev kom ntseeg tau tias cov mortar tsis nkag rau ntawm cov khoom. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los ntxuav nws, thaum lub ntsej muag yuav zoo li tsis huv. Hauv kev xaus, cov seams yog rubbed nrog cov sib tov tshwj xeeb kom phim cov xim ntawm cov khoom.
pob zeb zoo nkauj
Ntau zaus, tsis yog cov vuas clinker, lwm cov khoom siv niaj hnub siv. Qhov no yog lub pob zeb zoo nkauj, uas muaj ntau qhov zoo hauv kev sib piv nrog lwm cov khoom tiav. Xav txog hauv qab no cov yam ntxwv ntawm yuav ua li cas ennoble lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj (daim duab tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus) siv qhov ua tiav no.
Khoom kom zoo dua:
- zoo ib yam li lub pob zeb ntuj, uas zoo li nthuav dav;
- muaj ntau hom thiab textures ntawm lub khw: cib, marble, jasper, granite, limestone;
- zam cov av noo yooj yim thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim;
- yooj yim los ntxuav, tsis muaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ntxuav;
- cov khoom siv tau zoo yog tiv taus kev puas tsuaj, ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntev.
Cov txheej txheem uas tso cai rau koj kom nkag siab lub qhov rooj (saib daim duab hauv kab lus) nrog lub pob zeb zoo nkauj yog ntau txoj hauv kev zoo ib yam li kev teeb tsa ntawm cov vuas clinker, tab sis nws tsim nyog hais txog ob peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
- ua ntej yuav khoom tiav, nws yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas: yog tias nws pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab ntawm sab nraub qaumpores, uas txhais tau hais tias lub pob zeb muaj qhov ntom ntom thiab yuav tawg thiab tawg yooj yim;
- nyob ntawm ntau yam siv thiab nws qhov hnyav, kev noj cov nplaum nplaum yog xam.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum paub tias muaj ob hom pob zeb zoo nkauj:
- Natural. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ntuj pob zeb pob zeb, crushed rau hauv me me crumbs thiab poured siv ib tug pwm. Cov khoom siv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub zog siab, hnyav hnyav thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
- Artificial. Nws yog ua los ntawm gypsum nrog ntxiv ntawm polymers thiab dyes. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog kev them taus thiab ntau yam kev ntxhib los mos.
ntoo panels, MDF
Ntoo vaj huam sib luag thiab MDF yog qhov xav tau zoo rau kev ua tiav sab hauv qhib. Lawv yog cov zoo tshaj plaws suited rau cov chav dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv ib tug classic style. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab ua kom lub qhov rooj qub hauv txoj kev no, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li:
- durability;
- zoo nkauj zoo nkauj;
- tsis muaj qhov tsis pom tseeb hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej.
Rau qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntoo thiab MDF panels, yuav tsum muaj cov khoom ntxiv: cov ntsia hlau rau kev tsim cov crates, fasteners, hniav kaus mom.
Cia peb saib yuav ua li cas thiaj ua rau lub qhov rooj nkag nrog cov ntaub ntawv no:
- Rails yog sawn raws li qhov dav ntawm qhov qhib, thiab tsau rau ntawm phab ntsa siv cov cuab yeej kho (tus kheej-tapping screws, dowels).
- Panelshaum nyob rau hauv lub qhov rooj nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus indent. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, nws yuav muab zais rau ntawm lub ces kaum kawg.
- thawj lub vaj huam sib luag yog fastened nrog kua rau tes, tag nrho cov tom ntej panels yog tsau nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb tus nplaig-thiab-groove kev twb kev txuas system uas cov khoom yog nruab nrog.
- Qhov kawg ntawm cov qauv raug kaw nrog lub casing, nws txuas nrog lub crate siv cov ces kaum lossis rau tes.
Tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm, qhov pom ntawm cov fasteners yog rubbed nrog cov rooj tog zaum los yog ntsaws nrog cov nplaum nplaum kom phim cov panels. Txawm hais tias siv cov khoom pheej yig, qhov ua tiav no zoo li stylish thiab saj.
Laminate
Tsis ntev los no, cov neeg ua tiav tau nyiam qhov ua tiav no. Cov khoom siv yog ib qho yooj yim mus ua hauj lwm nrog, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus sheathe phab ntsa, ces kaum, niches thiab qhov rooj slopes nrog nws. Cov xim zoo ntawm lub laminate yuav ua tiav haum rau sab hauv, dai kom zoo nkauj hauv txhua qhov style.
Lub ntsiab drawback ntawm cov khoom yog nws intolerance rau ya raws. Feem ntau, tom qab kev sib cuag nrog dej ntev, cov hlwv tshwm nyob rau ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov dej noo-resistant, uas tom qab ntawd tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua kom lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj pem hauv ntej nrog lub laminate? Fastening yog ua nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li cov ntoo thiab MDF panels. Yog tias qhov chaw tiaj tus, lub crate tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, tab sis cov khoom siv tuaj yeem kho tau ntawm cov ntsia hlau ua kua, saib xyuas cov chaw ua ntej, uas yuav nias lub laminate rau ob peb teev kom zoo dua adhesion.
Gypsum thiab polyurethane ua npuas ncauj moldings
Stucco molding yog suav tias yog qhov txawv tshaj plaws thiab "capricious" khoom. Haum rau kev sib haum xeebrau hauv kev daws teeb meem sab hauv ntawm chav tsev, lub tswv yim tsim tag nrho yuav tsum ua raws li nws. Zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog pilasters, kab, frescoes thiab lwm yam zoo sib xws ntawm ib tug classic sab hauv. Txhawm rau ua kom lub qhov rooj ntawm qhov rooj sab hauv, koj yuav tsum paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom.
Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb ntawm stucco:
- Gypsum. Feem ntau nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim ntawm lub teb chaws tsev ua nyob rau hauv lub neoclassical los yog Venetian style. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov tsev me me hauv nroog, ces ntawm no gypsum stucco tsis zoo nkaus li tsim nyog. Nws ua rau qhov chaw me me uas twb muaj hnyav dua, visually nqaim lub qhov rooj. Ntxiv mus, txawm lub fact tias gypsum yog ib yam khoom hnyav heev, nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev. Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, nws yuav poob sai sai rau nws qhov zoo li qub.
- Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj lossis dag stucco yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig dua rau cov khoom siv gypsum. Raws li qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia lub lightness ntawm cov khoom, yooj yim ntawm installation (polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yuav txiav nrog ib tug zoo tib yam clerical riam), txuas rau saum npoo nrog kua rau tes nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm feeb (tsis tas yuav knead lub mortar), muaj ntau hom kev npaj ua tiav, thiab yooj yim rau xim.
Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, stucco yog haum rau ua tiav arched qhib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws muaj peev xwm nruab monolithic kab raws ntug.
Ntau yam qhib
Tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj yog cov duab ntawm lub qhov rooj. Ib txhia ntawm lawv cia koj mus visually nthuavqhov chaw thiab coj nyob rau hauv ntau lub teeb, lwm tus - ua kom lub qab nthab siab dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov duab ntawm lub qhov rooj ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau sab hauv ntawm chav tsev. Tsawg tus neeg yuav xav txog kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm chav tsev nyob rau hauv niaj hnub style thiab ua arches nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov ntawm cov chav. Ua ntej txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas rau ennoble lub qhov rooj, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab ntawm nws cov duab.
Rectangular - feem ntau ntawm lwm tus. Tej zaum yog vim li cas nws yog thawj zaug tsim thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov tsev. Nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- tsis xav tau kev tsim kho ntxiv, tsuas yog rhuav lub qhov rooj;
- ua tiav nrog txhua yam khoom;
- haum sib haum xeeb rau yuav luag txhua qhov kev daws teeb meem sab hauv, ua kom yooj yim cov teeb meem ntawm yuav ua li cas rau ennoble lub qhov rooj tom qab txhim kho lub qhov rooj;
- Kev nyuaj siab delimits qhov chaw nyob thaum nthuav ob sab ntawm nws.
Arched yog qhov qhib sab hauv hauv cov duab ntawm lub voj voog. Qhov no yog txoj kev pheej yig tshaj plaws kom pom kev ua kom lub qab nthab siab dua, ua kom chav tsev nrog lub teeb thiab cua. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub archway yog qhov dav heev, lub qab nthab zoo li qis dua. Cov yam ntxwv no feem ntau siv los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv thaum tsim cov interiors.
Ntau tus neeg nyiam qhov kev daws teeb meem no rau qhov muag muag ntawm cov kab, tsis muaj cov fab. Cov chav zoo li smoothly ntws mus rau hauv ib leeg, thaum delimiting qhov chaw. Feem ntau ib qho qhib qhib yog ua nyob nruab nrab ntawm chav nyob thiab lub tsev, muab tias tom kawg yog qhov dav heev. Hauv cov khw muag khoom, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov qauv tsim, uas yog xaiv nyob ntawm qhov dav ntawm txoj kab. NtxivCov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj yuav ua rau pem hauv ntej.
Trapezoid qhib daim ntawv no yog qhov tsawg heev. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev siv nws hauv cov chav me muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo - lub qab nthab zoo li qis dua thiab chav nqaim dua. Cov nyhuv no tseem ceeb dua thaum lub sab sauv ntawm qhov qhib yog nqaim dhau. Qhov kev xaiv no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yog tias muaj qhov zoo tib yam qhov rais hauv chav sab nraud ntawm txoj kab. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub trapezoid yuav sib haum xeeb haum rau sab hauv.
Asymmetric - lub qhov rooj ua rau tib yam nkaus. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog ciam teb ntawm ob thaj chaw, tab sis kuj dhau los ua kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm chav tsev thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm sab hauv. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tus tsim qauv. Nws tuaj yeem yog elliptical, round, triangular, wavy lossis lwm hom qhib. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov nuances ntawm no, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau lawv:
- ua ntej pib nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov qhib, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kos ib daim duab qhia ntxaws txog cov qauv yav tom ntej, suav nrog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov phab ntsa thauj khoom thiab cov khoom faib;
- nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov kab ntse thiab cov duab angular muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev puas siab puas ntsws, yog li ntawd, yog tias ua tau, cov stimuli sab hauv sab hauv yuav tsum zam.
Kho kom zoo nkauj nrog curtains, partitions
Tib neeg feem ntau xav tias yuav ua li cas rau lub qhov rooj tsis muaj qhov rooj? Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig tshaj plaws los kho nws yog los kho nws nrog curtains. Cov qauv no tau pom ntau xyoo dhau los thiab tam sim no maj mam rov qab mus rau zam. Ntau zuj zus, cov neeg tsim qauv siv textiles los piav txog qhov chaw nyob me me.qhov chaw rau hauv ib cheeb tsam sib cais, piv txwv li, rau kev txais qhua thiab pw hauv ib chav tsev ib chav. Cov chav zoo li yog qhov chaw ua kom pom kev, thaum tib lub sijhawm muaj qee qhov kev sib cais.
Qhov ntau ntawm textures, xim thiab fabrics yog amazing. Nyob rau hauv ib tug niaj hnub sab hauv, partitions nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm xyoob sticks yog feem ntau siv. Lawv muaj zog txaus thiab emit ib lub teeb tapping thaum kov ib leeg. Yog tias xav tau, lawv tuaj yeem pleev xim rau raws li sab hauv ntawm chav tsev.
Taffeta yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog classical style: baroque, renaissance, rococo. Ntxiv nrog rau cov qauv kev daws teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem sim ntau cov kev xaiv qub: cov xov paj ntaub, hlaws, thiab lwm yam.
xaiv tus qauv tsim qauv
Lub qhov rooj qhib nws tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav dav vim tsis muaj tus qauv tsim. Qee lub sij hawm, thaum kho kom zoo nkauj hauv chav, qhov kev nkag tau ua kom pom tsawg dua kom qhov kev teeb tsa zoo li qhib. Thiab nyob rau hauv qee kis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv tsim lub suab nrov rau nws. Yuav ua li cas rau ennoble lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj nrog cov tshuaj no?
Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no siv ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- xim. Qhov qhib yog pleev xim rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo nplua nuj. Nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus ci sab hauv lossis, sib txawv, muaj xim sib txawv.
- Lub teeb. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem no yog siv nyob rau hauv asymmetric designs. Thaum lub sij hawm installation, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los muab cov chaw rau kev txhim kho cov tsom teeb. Qhov kev qhib no ntxim nyiam tsis yog nrog nws cov duab tsis zoo, tab sis kuj nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo qub.
- Texture. Nyob rau hauv ib chav nrog ib lub tiajPhab ntsa npog (thaum pleev xim, plaster, wallpaper), qhib sab hauv, tiav nrog cib, ceramic vuas, stucco molding, volumetric panels los yog hniav pob zeb, sawv.
- Shape. Hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los, kev qhib nrog cov txheej txheem txawv txawv tau nrov heev. Nrog qee qhov kev txawj ntse hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog cov phab ntsa ntub dej lossis plywood, kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm nws tus kheej. Qhov tshwm sim yog tus sau qhov ua tau zoo dhau.
Kho kom zoo nkauj tso cai rau koj los ua kom lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj sab hauv thiab qhov nkag, hloov kho sab hauv ntawm ob chav ib zaug, pom qhov chaw nthuav dav, thaum tuav nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - qhov kev txwv ntawm qhov chaw. Muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev tso cai rau koj los siv cov kev daws teeb meem tsim nyog tshaj plaws.
