Ua ntej txhua tus neeg uas cog qoob loo ntau yam zaub thiab sau qoob loo, cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov chaw khaws cia thiab kev txuag npaj rau lub caij ntuj no. Feem ntau, cellars yeej ib txwm siv rau qhov no, tab sis tsis zoo li cov kev xaiv niaj hnub no, lawv yav tas los tau txais kev pab los ntawm cov pits zoo tib yam lined nrog cib. Thiab niaj hnub no, ntau yooj yim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig kev daws teeb meem rau cov teeb meem zoo li no tau tshwm sim, thiab lawv tau dhau los ua caissons rau cellar. Cov cuab yeej zoo li cas yog qhov no, thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li lub qhov dej zoo li qub? caissons yog dab tsi, thiab yuav ua li cas rau lawv tus kheej?
Caisson. Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Kev khaws cia ntawm cov txiv ntoo, zaub, cov qoob loo hauv paus thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo feem ntau yog nqa tawm hauv cellars, cellars, sheds thiab storages. Tseem, kev nyiam yog muab rau cellars, kev tsim kho kev xaiv uas ib txwm muaj ntau heev, tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws qhov tsis zoo. Txawm hais tias nws yog lub qhov av ua los ntawm cib, ntoo lossis pob zeb, qhov ua kom ntev thiab nruj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tawm ntau yam uas xav tau. Sij hawm dhau mus, cib thiab pob zeb poob lawv cov khoom thiab deteriorate, thiab ntoo raug raupwm thiab fungus. Yog lawm, thiab feem ntau muaj teeb meem ntawm cov dej hauv av, uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cellar thiab cov khoom puas tsuaj.
Tab sis lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab niaj hnub no kev daws teeb meem zoo heev tau tsim thiab tsim nyog rau lwm cov qauv qub - caisson rau lub cellar. Nws yog ib qho chaw kaw kom qhuav uas tsim lub hnab ntim cua thaum nyob hauv lossis hauv qab dej.
Lub caisson rau lub cellar tuaj yeem yog puag ncig lossis duab plaub nrog lub caj dab thiab hatch. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv dej hauv av thiab av ua haujlwm, lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa ntawm caisson tuaj yeem ncav cuag kaum rau millimeters. Qhov cua yog npaj rau hauv cov qauv, tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ya raws thiab dampness.
Caisson zoo
Caissons muaj ntau qhov zoo:
- puv nruj, uas tso cai rau koj los nruab lub cuab yeej txawm tias nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj dej hauv av siab, tsis muaj kev ntshai rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom;
- tsis tau pwm, uas tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm nrog cov cellars ib txwm;
- tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw rau zaub mov khaws cia hauv.
Lub caisson rau lub cellar tuaj yeem nruab qhov twg los xij, ob qho tib si hauv qab tsev, lub tsev thiab chaw nres tsheb, thiab hauv huab cua qhib. Kev ua kom tsis muaj dej tsis zoo yuav lav kev tiv thaiv los ntawm nag, dej phwj tuaj lossis dej tsis sib haum thiab dej hauv av. Thiab tseem lub caisson muaj kev txhim khu kev qha ntau dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv tub sab dua li lub cellar pa.
Ntau yam caissons
Yog li, muaj ntau hom caissons:
- Tus nqi kim tshaj plaws thiab siv sijhawm tau suav tias yog caisson ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov qauv zoo li no, koj xav tau lub hauv paus zoo. Tom ntej no, cov nplhaib yog muab tso rau thiab lub hau saum toj kawg nkaus yog ntsia. Kev ywg dej zoo yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb yog qhov hnyav hnyav, uas ua rau kev teeb tsa thiab kev tiv thaiv dej tsis zoo, thiab tus nqi txiav txim siab.
- Cov hlau caisson tau dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv nrov tshaj plaws. Cov qauv zoo li no yog ua los ntawm cov ntawv hlau, welded rau hauv ib lub tshuab kaw nrog ib tus ntaiv thiab lub hatch. Xws li caissons yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tug anti-corrosion txheej thiab nruab nrog ib tug bypass valve, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas cov dej hauv av nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov. Qhov kev tsim no ib txwm tswj qhov kub thiab txias rau khaws cov pickles thiab qoob loo.
- Cov yas caisson rau lub cellar tsis xav tau kev kho los tiv thaiv corrosion. Vim lub fact tias tus tsim yog lub teeb yuag, kev koom tes ntawm cov cuab yeej rau installation yog tsis yuav tsum tau. Cov qauv ntawm cov yas caissons yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb nruj thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev tsim kev tiv thaiv dej. Yas caisson rau lub cellar yuav ua hauj lwm rau nws cov tswv rau ntau tshaj tsib caug xyoo.
Caisson rau lub cellar nrog koj tus kheej tes
Tau txais koob meej thiab koob meej, caisson tau nce siv los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Txij li thaum cov dej hauv av tuaj yeem nce mus ib ntus thiab hem kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov qoob loo, cov tswv tsim caissons rau kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm dej. Thiab cesKev khaws cia ntawm cov qoob loo kom zoo yuav cia nws nyob hauv nws daim ntawv qub kom txog rau thaum lub caij tom ntej, thiab cov qoob loo yuav khaws cia rau ntau tshaj ib xyoos. Lub caisson tuaj yeem muas tau raws li cov khoom tiav nrog rau cov kev pabcuam installation, lossis koj tuaj yeem tsim thiab nruab koj tus kheej. Rau cov neeg uas xav kom muaj kev ywj pheej, peb yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas ua kom caisson rau lub cellar.
Caisson qhov chaw
Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw rau qhov chaw ntawm caisson, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kom tsis tu ncua ntawm cov phab ntsa nrog cov huab cua ntshiab, nws yog ntshaw kom tso lub cuab yeej nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub underground. Ib qho kev xaiv ntau dua yog hauv av hauv qab chav ua noj, nrog rau kev nkag hauv pem teb. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg ua ntej tias lub qhov cub ntawm caisson yuav tsum raug kaw nrog lub hau kaw ntom nti tso dej ntws nrog hauv pem teb.
Cov cuab yeej ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm caisson ntawm qhov chaw ua ntej kev tsim kho lub tsev loj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm qhov chaw uas nws tau npaj rau nruab caisson nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes. Yog tias thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob yog siab thiab qhuav, yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev npaj. Yog tias cov av ntawm qhov chaw yog swampy, koj yuav tsum tau siv zog thiab ua haujlwm hnyav. Cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij nyiam txhim kho cov hlau caissons vim lawv qhov kev ntseeg tau ntau dua. Tab sis ntau tus tswv xaiv cov yas caisson rau lub cellar, uas kuj muaj cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas zoo.
Kev tsim cov hlau cellar caissons
Yuav kom muaj cov qoob loo zoo khaws cia caisson, muaj ob txoj hauv kev. Hauv cov khw tshwj xeeb koj tuaj yeem yuav npaj tauhlau caisson. Koj tuaj yeem xaj tus qauv raws li koj qhov loj me. Tab sis yog tias muaj qee yam kev txawj thiab peev xwm, nws muaj peev xwm ua rau nws tus kheej ua ib qho hlau caisson rau lub cellar. Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau cov duab ntawm caisson yav tom ntej. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom nco ntsoov tias tag nrho cov seams yuav tsum tau welded sab hauv thiab tawm kom tsis txhob muaj peev xwm ntawm dej ingress. Cov welded seams tsis zoo yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj sai sai thiab kho lub sijhawm siv sijhawm. Cov phab ntsa thiab hauv pem teb ntawm caisson yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm hlau, thaum sab saum toj tuaj yeem ua los ntawm pob zeb lossis ntoo.
Caisson pit
Tom qab caisson npaj txhij, koj yuav tsum xam qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov thiab ua cov cim ntawm thaj chaw. Cov hlau caisson yog ntsia rau qhov tob ntawm yam tsawg kawg 2.5 meters. Thaum kos npe, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nruab nrab ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm caisson thiab lub qhov dej yuav tsum muaj qhov deb ntawm 0.5 meters raws tag nrho ib puag ncig.
Yuav kom tsis txhob poob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov, thaum khawb, koj yuav tsum sim ua kom cov turf. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, tom qab tshem tawm cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus, tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem nrog cov dej hauv av hauv av nplaum. Yog hais tias qhov no tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov lawv khawb ib lub qhov tob li lub bayonet ntawm ib tug duav mus sau dej. Tom qab kev khawb ua tiav, hauv qab ntawm lub qhov yog npog nrog xuab zeb nrog txheej txheej ntawm 10 centimeters. Cov tar smeared rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab hauv qab ntawm lub qhov dej yuav pab tiv thaiv ntxiv.
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm caisson
Txij li cov hlau raug corrosion, ua ntej txhim kho caisson hauv lub qhov, nws yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov txheej tiv thaiv corrosion. Los yog,tau txais ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg, siv cov xim waterproofing. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npog lub caisson nrog bitumen. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem ua noj bituminous mastic hauv boiler koj tus kheej. Noj ib qho nyiaj ntawm bitumen sib npaug rau ib feem peb ntawm qhov ntim ntawm lub boiler, muab tso rau ntawm hluav taws. Tom qab cov bitumen tau nres foaming, nws yog poured rau hauv ib lub thawv npaj nrog roj av nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias kwj thiab sib tov. Rau kev kho ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud, cov proportions ntawm ib feem ntawm bitumen mus rau peb feem ntawm roj av yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam. Rau thawj painting - nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos qhov chaw, rau re-painting - peb feem ntawm bitumen rau ib tug roj av. Lub txheej ntawm caisson nrog xws li ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tas mus li, nrog rau ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw ntse.
Caisson thermal rwb thaiv tsev
Yog li, caisson tiv thaiv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau dej, tab sis tam sim no nws muaj qhov kub thiab txias, uas txhais tau hais tias dej yuav ntws tawm ntawm nws cov phab ntsa, vim tias cov qoob loo hauv caisson yuav lwj. Yuav kom kov yeej qhov teeb meem no, lub installation ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev yog tsim nyog. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom cais cov phab ntsa thiab hauv qab ntawm lub cellar kom zoo tshaj plaws.
Txhawm rau ua kom cov cuab yeej ntawm caisson rau lub cellar zoo li qhov ua tau, nws raug nquahu kom ua nws cov txheej txheem insulating ntawm av nplaum tsawg kawg 20 centimeters tuab. Sab nrauv yuav tsum tau insulated nrog tib txheej ntawm av nplaum. Yuav kom ua tiav kev ntseeg tau zoo dua, nrog kev pab ntawm cov cement mortar, hauv pem teb thiab cov phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm lub cellar yog plastered nrog ib txheej ntawm 2 centimeters. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov hlau mesh nrog cov hlwb raug teeb tsa rau ntawm cov hlau xaim hlau nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.06 cm, tsau thiab plastered. Tom ntej no, npog hauv pem teb nrog ib txheej ntawm 3.5 centimeters thiab cia cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kom qhuav. Sab hauv phab ntsa tuaj yeem insulatediav ntaub plaub los yog daim pam sov.
Txoj kev caisson
Tom qab ua tiav ntawm qhov kev npaj, koj tuaj yeem txo cov caisson rau lub cellar rau hauv lub qhov. Txhawm rau txhim kho caisson nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov taub, cov cav yog thawj zaug qis qis rau hauv nws los ntawm ob sab, uas yuav ua raws li kev txwv thiab cov lus qhia rau caisson. Kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem nqa tau siv lub winch, lub cable uas yuav tsum tau tas li loosened thiab tswj los ntawm ib tus neeg. Tus so ntawm cov neeg koom hauv cov txheej txheem qhia lub caisson thiab kom nws tsis txhob viav vias.
Yog tias qhov kev teeb tsa tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw uas muaj dej ntws tsis tu ncua, caisson yuav ntab. Yuav kom kov yeej qhov teeb meem no, lub foob dej yog ntsia. Sau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm phab ntsa ntawm caisson mus rau cellar nrog av nplaum, ramming nws zoo. Cov khoom siv foob dej yuav tsum nyob hauv qab ntawm qhov khov ntawm cov av. Tab sis txawm txhim kho nws tsis muab tag nrho lav.
Kev caisson
Tom qab caisson tau teeb tsa, nws yuav tsum tau nruab rau kev siv yooj yim. Lub khw niaj hnub no muaj ntau yam ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov thawv thiab cov txee rau khaws cov zaub mov. Qhov chaw teeb tsa yuav nyob ntawm qhov nyiam thiab kev xav ntawm cov tswv. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua cov racks koj tus kheej, uas tau nruab rau ntawm cov racks ua los ntawm cov ntoo.
Ntxiv rau qhov muab cov caisson nrog ntau lub txee thiab cov tub rau khoom, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nws qhov cua. Yog li ntawd, cov kav dej cua yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv txhua qhov hlau caisson, uastiv thaiv dampness hauv lub cuab yeej.
Txhawm rau nkag mus rau caisson yooj yim, koj yuav tsum siv tus ntaiv. Nws tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov hlau lossis ntoo, qhov tseem ceeb yog nws qhov kev txhawb nqa zoo ntawm ob sab, tiv thaiv nws ntawm kev txav thiab staggering.
Tau kawg, kom yooj yim ntawm kev siv caisson, nws yuav tsum muaj teeb pom kev zoo. Nws tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob lossis nrog kev pab ntawm tswm ciab, lub teeb lossis roj roj teeb. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws, thiab yog tias lub teeb roj roj tau xaiv raws li txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo, nws raug nquahu kom tshem tawm ntawm caisson tom qab siv kom tsis txhob muaj cov ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom.
Tom qab sau cov caisson nrog cov qoob loo thiab cov qoob loo, nws raug nquahu kom npog sab saum toj ntawm caisson nrog cov khoom siv rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev, piv txwv li, slag lossis nthuav av nplaum. Yog hais tias moss, peat los yog sawdust raug xaiv rau lub hom phiaj no, lawv yuav tsum tau npog nrog ib txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb los yog xuab zeb los ntawm saum toj no, vim hais tias lawv muaj ib tug ntau flammability.
