Hluav taws tau nyob hauv kev pabcuam ntawm tus txiv neej txij li thaum immemorial. Feem ntau nws muab zais ntawm peb lub qhov muag: txawm nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv cua sov los yog hauv qab cov tais diav ntawm qhov cub. Tab sis qhov kev ntshaw rau qhov qhib qhov hluav taws kub tsis tau ploj mus hauv tib neeg, yog li lawv muaj kev xav tsis tu ncua hauv kev xav txog nws. Cov neeg uas paub yuav ua li cas ua qhov cub yog tus tswv qhov cub. Coob leej paub tseeb tias lawv muaj kev paub dawb ceev uas siv tsis tau rau tib neeg.
Txawm hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm kev npaj lub qhov cub tsuas yog cov cai ntawm physics, nrog rau kev txawj ntse engineering. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, leej twg tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov kev tshawb fawb yooj yim no thiab teeb lub qhov cub nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes. Txhua yam koj xav tau yog kev ua siab ntev thiab lub siab xav zoo. Qee tus xav paub yuav ua li cas ua lub qhov cub drywall. Qhov tseeb, cov khoom siv no tsuas yog siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nraud. Nws yuav ua tsis tau ib lub firebox los yog chimney ntawm nws.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Lub qhov cub yog qhov cub, tab sis nws cov qauv tsim yooj yim dua me ntsis. Nws muaj qhov qhib firebox. Cov qauv tsim tsis loj heev, vim li no nws khaws cov cua sov tsawg dua li lub qhov cub. Cov pa luam yeeb yog ncaj, tsis muaj pa taws hluav taws xob, hluav taws kub hnyiab sai dua hauv qhov cub, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov cua sov evaporates los ntawm lub chimney. Lub qhov cub muaj qhov ua kom zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj, tsis yog cua sov. Tab sis qhov no tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig. Koj yuav tsum paub ntau yam nuances thiab nkag siab yuav ua li cas ua lub qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes. Los ntawm phab ntsa ntub dej nws raug tso cai ua cov ntsiab lus uas nyob deb ntawm lub firebox. Nov yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm qhov cub yog qhov muaj peev xwm ua kom sov lub tsev sai sai nrog cov cua sov los ntawm cov nplaim taws. Ib qho loj ntawm cov pa oxygen uas hlawv hauv lub cub tawg tso cai rau huab cua ntshiab nkag mus. Tab sis tsuas yog hais tias qhov cua tshuab tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov chav uas lub qhov cub ci, nws yog ib txwm qhuav thiab yuav tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw txhua. Txawm tias tsis muaj qhov cua sov tseem ceeb.
Qhov cub yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm, koj yuav tau paub nrog ib tug step-by-step qhia ua ib tug hniav qhov cub los ntawm ib tug siv lub txee. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm no koj yuav pom cov txheej txheem ntxaws ntxaws rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj lub qhov cub nrog stucco, nrog rau kev sib txuas ntawm LED sawb. Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm koj yuav kawm yuav ua li cas ua ib lub qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes. Cov lus qhia ib qib zuj zus kuj yuav muab. Yeej, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai yooj yim. Rau txhua yam, koj tuaj yeem tso siab rau koj txoj kev xav.
Lub qhov cub uas siv niaj hnub no muaj lub qhov cub kaw. Nws yog ib qho me me qhov cub. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv npaj cov cua sov ntawm huab cua nrog kev pab los ntawm convection. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov qhov cub no yog qhov siab heev, txij li cov roj hauv lawv hlawv kom zoo thiab ua tiav raws li qhov ua tau, yog li koj tuaj yeem ua kom sov tsis yog ib chav, tab sis tag nrho lub tsev. Tshwj tsis yog, tau kawg, nws cheeb tsam tsis loj heev.
Qhib qhov cub
Tam sim no cia peb saib yuav ua li cas ua lub qhov cub zoo nkauj nrog koj tus kheej tes.
Tab sis ua ntej muab lub qhov cub, koj yuav tsum paub seb nws yog dab tsi, nrog rau lawv lub hom phiaj:
- Lub firebox, los yog firebox, yog lub ntsiab, uas yog ib tug niche ua los ntawm refractory ntaub ntawv. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog fireclay cib. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov roj hlawv.
- Lub firebox yog framed siv lub portal. Cov khoom no tsuas yog kho kom zoo nkauj xwb.
- hauv qab - qhov no yog qhov qis tshaj ntawm lub qhov cub, nws yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv refractory.
- Roj tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm grate, thiab cua kuj tau muab los ntawm hauv qab no.
- Ashes sib sau ua ke hauv cov tshauv. Nws feem ntau yog ua los ntawm hlau. Nov yog ib lub thawv uas khaws cov hmoov tshauv.
- Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub tshuab ua ntej lub cub tawg, nws hloov tawm kom txwv tsis pub lub disc los tsoo hauv pem teb ntawm chav tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no yog ib feem ntawm cov décor.
- Qhov chaw rov qab ntawm lub qhov cub, lossis daim iav, tso cai rau koj los tso saib cua sov hauv tsev. Siv daim iav, ib qho hniav uas haus luam yeeb yog tsim. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm lub qhov cub, txij li nrog nws cov kev pab cuam ntwshuab cua tsis sib tov, kuj tsis poob tawm thiab pa taws tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev.
- Cov pa luam yeeb, lossis hailo, tso cai rau koj khaws cov khoom sib txuas los ntawm lub qhov cub, tom qab ntawd nws hloov mus rau lub qhov ncauj haus luam yeeb. Tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob thiab chimney.
- Nrog kev pab ntawm lub valve, koj tuaj yeem kaw cov cua txias hauv cov tsev los ntawm txoj kev thaum lub qhov cub ua haujlwm. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los kho cov qib traction.
Qhov cub qhov ntev
Qhov no tsis yog lub tshuab cua sov, tab sis yog ib qho rooj tog. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov cub zoo yuav tsum ua kom tiav nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb. Ntawd yog, nrog nws cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog cua sov hauv chav, tab sis kuj thov cov tswv nrog kev xav ntawm qhov qhib hluav taws. Tab sis thaum txiav txim siab qhov ntev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tsis yog tsuas yog kev xav ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv thiab nyiam cov tswv, tab sis kuj suav nrog engineering. Tab sis tam sim no cia peb tham txog yuav ua li cas ua ib lub qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes. Cov lus qhia kev teeb tsa rau feem ntau muaj cov kev cai thiab kev txwv. Thiab lawv yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Yog tias koj tso lub qhov cub loj hauv chav me, ces thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nws yuav pib "noj" ntau cov pa oxygen. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, koj yuav tau txais cov qauv tsim muaj zog heev. Yog tias muaj, ntawm chav kawm, yuam qhov cua. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov cua kub ntau yuav pib tawm, yog li koj tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv chav.
Hluav taws xob engineering suav
Lawv yog dab tsi? Qhov chaw hla thiab qhov siab ntawm qhov chimney, nrog rau lwm qhov ntev ntawm qhov cub. Cov txheej txheem suav yog qhov nyuaj heev, tab sis muaj qhov yooj yimhom. Nws yog lawv uas peb yuav tam sim no xav txog. Los ntawm kev ua tiav cov xwm txheej no, koj tuaj yeem tsim koj tus kheej qhov cub uas yuav zoo meej rau koj qhov chaw. Thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov kws tshaj lij kim kim, vim tias koj tus kheej yuav kawm yuav ua li cas ua qhov cub. Cov lus qhia ib ntus yuav pab koj hauv qhov teeb meem no.
Cov cai suav rau qhov cub
Yog li ntawm no yog cov cai:
- Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau nruab qhov cub hauv ib chav ntawm ib cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov cua sov los ntawm cheeb tsam ntawm lub cub tawg, nws yog txwv rau lub portal. Qhov piv ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub cub tawg thiab chav tsev yuav tsum yog 1 txog 50. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias chav tsev muaj thaj tsam ntawm 20 square meters, ces lub qhov cub hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj lub cub tawg. ib feem ntawm kwv yees li 0.4 square meters.
- Tam sim no peb yuav tsum txhais qhov dav thiab qhov siab. Los ntawm txhua txoj cai, lawv yuav tsum muaj qhov sib piv ntawm 2 mus rau 3. Cia peb hais tias lub portal muaj qhov siab ntawm 51 cm. Qhov no, qhov dav yuav tsum yog 76.5 cm. Nco ntsoov xyuas thaj chaw. Nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog sib npaug zos rau 0.39 square meters. Thiab qhov no yog kwv yees li qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas uas tau suav ua ntej me ntsis.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tob ntawm lub firebox. Nws muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov cub. Raws li txhua txoj cai, nws yuav tsum sib npaug li ob feem peb ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub portal. Yog tias peb txuas ntxiv qhov piv txwv ntawm kev suav yav dhau los, nws hloov tawm tias qhov tob yuav tsum yog 34 cm.
Yog tias koj nce qhov tob, cua sov yuav khiav tawm ntawm lub cub tawg tam sim ntawd mus rau hauv qhov cub. Tab sis yog tias koj txo qhov tob, ces tag nrho cov khoom ntawm combustion yuav nyob rau hauv chav tsev. Hauv paus,koj tuaj yeem xav txog yuav ua li cas ua kom lub qhov cub tawm ntawm cov thawv hlau. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, txij li qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm tus qauv tsim yog tsis ntseeg.
Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws
Rau lub hom phiaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas lub tshuab nqa yuav ncav cuag li 50 cm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub portal. Koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai no:
- Ua protrusions ntawm ob sab ntawm lub portal los ntawm 30 cm.
- phab ntsa tom qab ntawm lub qhov cub yuav tsum tig li 20 degrees. Ntxiv mus, txoj kab nqes yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm ib feem peb ntawm qhov siab.
- Phab ntsa yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm kwv yees li 50 degrees kom pom qhov cua sov hauv tsev zoo tshaj plaws.
- Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub chimney yuav tsum ntau tshaj 5 m.
- Tab sis yog tias koj ua qhov ntev ntawm qhov chimney 10 meters lossis ntau dua, ces cov cua ntsawj ntshab yuav loj heev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub qhov cub yuav "dev" taws, tab sis lub tshav kub hloov lwm lub tsev yuav tsis tshua muaj heev. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua cov ces kaum uas yuav txo tau traction.
Qhov chaw hla ntawm qhov chimney yuav tsum yog li 10 npaug qis dua qhov loj ntawm qhov cub qhov rai.
chimney pipe
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws seem ntawm lub chimney yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog sib haum mus rau qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rais roj, tab sis kuj mus rau qhov siab ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Kuj tseem muaj kev vam khom ntawm qhov ntsuas no ntawm cov duab ntawm cov channel. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv bran. Ntau qhov kev kub ntxhov uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov cua ntsawj ntshab ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov chimneys rectangular.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov chaw rau qhov cub
Thaum tsim lub qhov cubKoj yuav tsum siv zog ntau, nrog rau kev nqis peev nyiaj ntau. Thiab yog li ntawd qhov no tsis yog vain, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw nyob hauv chav. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev tso qhov cub:
- Cov qauv tsim rau hauv phab ntsa feem ntau ua thaum lub sijhawm tsim tsev. Tom qab tag nrho, koj yuav tsum disassemble ib daim ntawm phab ntsa. Thiab ua qhov no yog qhov nyuaj heev. Qhov zoo ntawm cov qhov cub zoo li no yog tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem nqa qhov chaw siv tau ntawm chav tsev.
- Lub qhov cub qhov cub zoo nkauj zoo nkauj hauv chav square.
- Phab ntsa qhov cub xav tau qhov chaw kom haum.
- Freestanding lossis kob qhov cub yog qhov yooj yim nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov chav loj. Lawv tuaj yeem qhib lub thawv hluav taws kub ntawm ib sab thiab los ntawm txhua sab.
tso cai rau qhov twg
Tab sis koj yuav tsum paub tias tsis yog txhua chav tuaj yeem nruab qhov cub.
Cia saib cov piv txwv ntawm thaum twg koj tuaj yeem tso qhov cub, thiab thaum tsis:
- Yog tias thaj tsam ntawm chav tsev tsawg dua 12 square metres, tsis pom zoo kom nruab qhov cub.
- Lub qhov cub yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv txoj kev airflow.
- Nco ntsoov coj lub qhov cub hluav taws xob mus rau qhov chaw. Ntxiv mus, yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm txoj kev los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau lub portal.
- Lub qhov cub yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv txoj kev ntawm tib neeg txoj kev txav.
- Nws raug pom zoo kom tso qhov cub rau ntawm phab ntsa tseem ceeb ntawm chav tsev.
- Thaum txhim kho phab ntsa, ua-hauv lossis kaum qhov cub, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom muaj ntau tshaj li qhov chaw dawb ntawm sab laug thiab sab xismeters.
Cov khoom siv dab tsi xav tau rau kev tsim kho
Kev ua haujlwm zoo nyob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho. Thiab lub ntsiab yog lub cib. Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv yog qhov siab heev. Cov hom cib hauv qab no tau tso cai:
Tag nrho lub cev liab cib rau tso qhov cub. Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus kub txog 1000 degrees. Nws kuj tseem siv zog heev, thiab tau txais thiab khaws cov thermal zog loj heev. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cib qib M-200 thiab siab dua. Kuaj cov khoom los ntawm maj mam tapping nws nrog rauj. Lub suab meej thiab meej yuav tsum tshwm sim.
Fireclay cib yuav tsum tau siv qhov chaw kub siab tshaj. Nws kuj yog siv rau qhov chaw muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov nplaim taws. Vim li no, lub firebox ntawm lub qhov cub yuav tsum tau pw nrog xws li ib tug cib. Hauv nws cov khoom siv, cov av nplaum hluav taws yog siv, nws tsim txog li 70% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom. Cov cib no tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab tseem khaws cov cua sov thiab hloov mus rau nws. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov loj ntawm lub cib yuav txawv ntawm tus qauv. Muaj fireclay cib ntawm cov duab tshwj xeeb los ua arches.
bib xaiv
Koj tsis tas yuav tso siab rau cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom thaum yuav cib. Tsis txhob xav tias tag nrho cov cib yog tib yam zoo. Txhua yam khoom yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm koj tus kheej ua ntej koj yuav nws. Tau kawg, cov txheej txheem no ntev heev. Tab sis tom qab lub qhov cub yuav tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev tawg.ntev heev. Koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau cov ntsiab lus xws li:
- Thawj kais ntawm lub cib nrog rauj me me. Koj yuav tsum hnov lub suab nrov. Fireclay cib ua rau lub suab yuav luag yog xim hlau.
- Sib piv cov cib loj nrog cov ntawv hla tebchaws muaj nuj nqis. Qhov siab tshaj qhov sib txawv yuav tsum yog 2 hli.
- Yog tias thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas koj pom cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo ib yam li mica ntawm cov cib, qhov no qhia tau tias qhov ntsuas kub tau raug ua txhaum cai thaum tua. Cov cib no tsis pom zoo siv rau hauv kev tsim kho.
- Ob qho tib si liab thiab fireclay cib yuav tsum muaj xim tib yam rau tag nrho saum npoo. High-zoo fireclay bricks yuav tsum yog daj-straw nyob rau hauv cov xim. Yog tias muaj cov xim dawb, qhov no qhia tau tias qhov kub thiab txias qis dhau lawm.
Zaj lus
Thaum xaiv cov cib, saib cov cib tawg uas nyob hauv tib qho ntau. Liab cib yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau yam inclusions, tsaus chaw. Rau fireclay cib, cov qauv sab hauv yuav tsum tsaus dua li sab nraud. Yog hais tias koj ntaus ib tug rauj hnyav, fireclay cib tawg mus rau hauv loj pieces.
