Ntau tus neeg ntseeg tias kev txhim kho cov ntsia hlau pawg yog txheej txheem nyuaj. Nws xav tau kev paub tshwj xeeb, thiab qee zaum cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Ntau tus amateurs nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev tsim kho ntseeg hais tias nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom tiv nrog xws li kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lawv tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis muaj tseeb kiag li.
Ua ntej pib txheej txheem, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov thev naus laus zis. Nws muaj ob peb theem. Nyob rau thawj theem, lub hauv paus yog xam, ces lub teb yog cim. Qhov thib peb kauj ruam yuav yog lub installation ntawm pawg, thiab cov kauj ruam kawg yog txiav cov ncej ib theem ntawm ib zaug.
Kev npaj ua ntej kev teeb tsa
Yog tias koj tab tom ntsib cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ntswj lub taub hau ntawm koj tus kheej, ces ua ntej koj yuav tsum npaj ua haujlwm. Ua li no, cov khoom txawv teb chaws thiab cov khib nyiab raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Yog hais tias koj tab tom npaj installation nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, ces tsis muaj yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm daus. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov piling yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv mos, thiab tsis heev khov av. Daus feem ntau yog muab tshem tawm rau hnubmounting.
Yog tias koj npaj yuav siv qhov tshwj xeeb rau kev sib tw piles, ces nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov muaj qhov nkag. Rau lub pob zeb sib tov, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov muaj qhov hluav taws xob. Koj tseem yuav xav tau dej txheej txheem.
Hais txog qhov tob ntawm cov ntsia hlau pawg
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab qhov tob ntawm pawg, suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- txoj av;
- design parameters of av resistance;
- qhov tob ntawm av khov;
- bearing peev xwm.
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntsia hlau pawg feem ntau yog siv rau cov qauv teeb. Yog li ntawd, thaum txiav txim siab qhov tob ntawm kev tso, qhov chaw khov yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov tob ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa sib haum rau cov kab hauv av khov. Qhov taw qhia sib raug tuaj yeem coj mus rau hauv SNiP 23-01-99. Ua ntej tsav tsheb ntsia hlau pawg hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb, piv txwv li, hauv Voronezh lossis Belgorod, koj yuav tsum hais qhia rau koj tus kheej tias hauv cov cheeb tsam no qhov tob tob yog 1000 hli. Tab sis nyob rau sab qaum teb thaj tsam, qhov ntsuas no siab tshaj 2400 mm.
possible obstacles
Ua ntej tsav tsheb ntsia hlau pawg los ntawm tes, koj yuav tsum kuaj xyuas qhov chaw. Qee zaum cov xwm txheej raug tsim los ntawm nws uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum muaj ntoo nyob ze los yog muaj faus cov khib nyiab hauv av, nrog rau cov pob zeb suav nrog. Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeemqeeb yog tias muaj ncej lossis laj kab ze ntawm qhov chaw txhawb nqa.
Piles tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa yog tias muaj lub tsev nyob ze. Cov tsev yuav tsum raug tshem tawm los ntawm 30 cm lossis ntau dua. Yog hais tias cov kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau screwed nyob ze ntawm ib tug unuprooted stump los yog loj ntoo, ces cov hauv paus hniav yuav diverge underground, qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Thaum lub sij hawm installation ntawm cov khoom, nws yuav tig tawm tias muaj pob zeb nyob rau hauv qhov tob. Yog tias lawv txoj kab uas hla mus txog 5 cm, ces lawv yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov pob zeb loj nyob hauv txoj kev ntawm pawg yuav ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem ntsia hlau hauv.
Yog tias txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov ntsiab lus nce mus txog 10 cm, ces lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib tw thiab ua rau lub taub hau txav, ua rau lub axis deviate ntawm ntsug. Yog tias koj tab tom xav paub yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhav koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab, koj yuav tsum paub tias cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Hauv qhov no, qhov chaw teeb tsa yuav tsum tau khawb nrog lub duav, thiab tom qab ntawd pob zeb yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm cov av. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem hloov kho ntxiv.
Cov av khawb av yog nchuav rov qab rau hauv lub qhov thiab compacted ib ncig ntawm tus ncej. Yog tias muaj cov pob zeb ua pob zeb lossis cov blocks hauv cov av, cov teeb meem loj lossis cov khoom siv khib nyiab, ces kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntsia hlau pawg yuav ua tsis tau. Thaum lub pob zeb loj nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm cov qauv ntawm ib txoj kab hauv qab ntawm qhov khov ntawm cov av, qhov kev txhawb nqa tuaj yeem sab laug raws li yog. Lub pob zeb hauv qab no yuav nqa lub nra thiab faib nws thoob plaws hauv cov av tuab.
Ib qho yuav tsum tau ua thaum txhim kho pawg yog daim ntawv thov txheej tiv thaiv corrosion
Ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntiag tug hauv tsis ntev los nolub sij hawm cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm yuav ua li cas manually ntsia hlau ntsia hlau pawg. Cov txheej txheem no tau muab faib ua ob peb theem. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog daim ntawv thov ntawm anti-corrosion txheej. Txhawm rau kom lub hauv paus ua haujlwm ntev li ntev tau, ib feem ntawm cov qauv uas yuav nyob rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm huab cua thiab lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm corrosion.
Kev tiv thaiv zoo li no yog qhov tsim nyog, tsis hais txog hauv av. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai tias cov npog pem hauv ntej thiab qhov kawg ntawm pawg yuav hnav tawm thaum ntsia hlau. Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom no yuav nyob hauv av ntawm qhov tob tob, qhov twg corrosion nyuaj. Thaum txhim kho cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab tsis tshua muaj lub luag haujlwm xws li tso thiab gazebos, koj tuaj yeem siv txias galvanizing lossis bituminous mastic.
Yog tias koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog cov av abrasive me ntsis, ces koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem ua ke ntawm ob qhov kev txiav txim. Qhov no siv rau rooj plaub thaum muaj peat lossis cov av nplaum ntub dej ntawm thaj chaw. Kev tiv thaiv yuav muaj txheej txheej txias galvanizing thiab bituminous mastic, uas yog siv rau saum. Cov txheej no tiv thaiv lub hauv paus tau ntau xyoo.
Yog tias koj tau ntsib nrog cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas rau cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau nrog koj tus kheej tes, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev tshawb fawb geological. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm abrasive av nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nrog inclusions ntawm xuab zeb thiab gravel, raws li zoo raws li cov pob zeb me me, ib txheej ntawm tshav kub-shrinkable zaj duab xis yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv lub anti-corrosion txheej. Nws yuav haum rau pawg thiab muab cov khoom muaj zog. Xws li cov txheej tiv thaiv corrosion yuav tiv thaiv kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Pile tsav
Cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau tsis muaj qhov sib tsoo. Ntawm lawv sab qis muaj cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau, uas tso cai rau kev teeb tsa hauv av. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov sib tw yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa tsis raug, uas txawv qhov kev siv tshuab no los ntawm ib qho thaum cov khoom raug faus lossis nchuav nrog pob zeb.
Kev teeb tsa pawg tswj hwm yog nqa tawm thaum txoj kev siv tshuab tsis tuaj yeem siv, lossis kev teeb tsa pawg mechanized tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo. Yog hais tias lub installation yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas tsis muaj kev nkag tau rau cov cuab yeej siv, ces tus txheej txheem ntawm phau ntawv yog tib qhov tseeb. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov hauv paus rau cov tsev me me uas nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw sab nraum lub nroog. Cov no tuaj yeem yog:
- outbuildings;
- arbors;
- baths;
- tsev ntoo;
- fences.
Thaum siv txoj kev siv phau ntawv
Feem ntau, phau ntawv qhia kev txhim kho pawg yog siv thaum npaj cov laj kab ntawm ciam teb ntawm ob ntu. Tseem muaj cov xwm txheej thaum nws yuav tsum tau nruab ib qho kev txhawb nqa ze ntawm lub tsev, uas yog pheej yig dua li siv cov khoom siv ntxiv. Ua ntej tsav tsheb ntsia hlau pawg, koj yuav tsum tau sau npe pab ntau tus neeg.
Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm
Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus cim ua ntej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los mount cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib ntsugtxoj hauj lwm. Ib lub steel bar lossis seem yog muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab thev naus laus zis hauv kev txhawb nqa. Tom qab ntawd, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog cov yeeb nkab. Nws qhov ntev yuav tsum yog 2500 hli lossis ntau dua.
Yog tias koj tau ntsib txoj haujlwm ntawm yuav ua li cas ntswj ntsia hlau pawg, ces koj yuav tsum paub tias ib tus neeg hauv cov txheej txheem yuav coj tus ncej kom nws nkag mus rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntsug nruj. Ob tug lwm tus, tuav lub lever, yuav tsiv mus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub chim, screwing tus qauv. Qhov ceev ntawm immersion ntawm kev txhawb nqa yog kwv yees li ntawm 192 hli ib kiv puag ncig. Yog tias cov xwm txheej zoo, ces los ntawm 5 mus rau 15 feeb yuav siv rau ib pawg. Tus nqi ntawm lub dab dej yuav nyob ntawm seb hom av.
Yuav ua li cas thaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim
Yog tias cov ntsia hlau-hauv cov hniav tau mus txog cov av ntom ntom, thiab ntau tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem tig pawg, ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sim plunge qhov kev txhawb nqa tob. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov khoom tau mus txog hauv av, uas muaj lub peev xwm loj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hauv paus yuav txhim khu kev qha. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, koj yuav muaj lus nug txog yuav ua li cas sib sib zog nqus ntsia hlau ntsia hlau pawg. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom tob rau kev txhawb nqa hauv qab cov av khov kab hauv koj cheeb tsam. Rau kev txhim kho kom raug ntau dua, qhov yog ua ntej ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav yooj yim haum rau pawg.
Nyob hauv kaw
Yog koj yuav tsim tsev, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas ntswj pawg. Lawv haum rau lub teeb vaj tsev, nrog rau cov laj kab, arbors thiab da dej. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv qhov no yog qhov tob ntawm qhov khov,uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm sandstone yog siab tshaj cov av nplaum av. Tab sis yog tias koj yuav tsum ua hauj lwm nrog peat bog, ces qhov tob ntawm immersion yuav tsum yog xws li hais tias cov kev txhawb nqa ncav cuag cov av khov.
