Kev saib xyuas kev tsim kho yog dab tsi. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev saib xyuas hauv kev tsim kho

2024 Tus sau: Aaron Duncan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 03:45

Kev saib xyuas kev tsim kho yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib qho nyuaj ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab kev ua pov thawj. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los xyuas kom meej tias cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov project tau nruj me ntsis saib xyuas. Tshwj xeeb, qhov no siv rau lub sijhawm, tus nqi, ntim thiab zoo raws li qhov kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua. Kev saib xyuas hauv kev tsim kho kuj tau ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv siv.

Nyiaj txiag rau kev mob siab

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, peb tab tom tham txog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev kho thiab tswj txoj hauv kev. Kev ntsuam xyuas yog ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim kho. Hauv qhov no, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom txo qis qhov txaus ntshai. Kev siv cov peev nyiaj tau los kuj tau saib xyuas.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij pov thawj cov haujlwm

Kev saib xyuas hauv kev tsim kho (SNiP tsim cov kev cai tsim nyog) yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim kho lossis kev tsim kho vaj tse. Cov kws tshaj lij kev soj ntsuam kev ua ub no pib los ntawm theem kev txhim kho qhov project thiab xaus nrog kev xa khoom zaum kawg ntawm qhov chaw.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev saib xyuas kev tsim kho

Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov dej num muaj xws li ua kom cov hauv qab no:

1. kev ua haujlwm zoo.
2. Kev nqis tes ua raws li qhov muab ntim thiab sijhawm kawg.
3. Kev siv cov khoom siv tsim ua uas tau npaj ua ntej.
4. Project tiav yam tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau.

teeb meem loj

Raws li tau hais los saum no, nws tswj hwm kev saib xyuas hauv kev tsim kho SNiP. Kev soj ntsuam cov dej num tuaj yeem pab zam cov hauv qab no:

1. Qhov tsis tsim nyog nce ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm, yog tias nws cuam tshuam nrog tus neeg cog lus cov peev nyiaj tsis raug. Feem ntau, qhov nyiaj no ntau dua tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm kev ua haujlwm - txog li 50%.
2. Kev saib xyuas tsis raug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav. Qhov no ua rau nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem tshawb nrhiav kev ua txhaum cai thev naus laus zis thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho lossis rov tsim kho. Tib yam siv rau kev txhob txwm sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm SNiP thiab qhov project los ntawm tus neeg cog lus. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tom ntej ntawm cov qauv, qhov no yuav tsim teeb meem rau kev pabcuam thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.
3. Txuag hauv qhov project profitability. Tej zaum nws yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis ua raws li lub sijhawm kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
4. Kev ua txhaum ntawm lub zog tsis muaj zog ntawm cov qauv. Qhov no kuj tseem siv tau rau qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib puag ncig yog tias tus neeg cog lus siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsis zoo uas tsis tau teev tseg hauv qhov project.
5. Kev sib hais tsis sib haum ntawm lub tsev, deformation, tawg thiab tawg ntawm cov qauv, yog tias qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis ua raws li cov cai thiab cov qauv ntawm kev tsim kho lossis kev tsim kho tshuab.

Scope of application

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev saib xyuas hauv kev tsim kho siv rau ntau pawg ntawm cov tsev. Feem ntau, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem txhais tau:

1. Hotel centers.
2. Residential complexes.
3. chaw ua lag luam.
4. tsev nyob.
5. khw thiab chaw lom zem.
6. Industrial chaw thiab vaj tsev.

Ntaus ntxiv

Kev saib xyuas hauv kev tsim kho siv rau cov qauv thiab cov tsev uas nyob rau theem hauv av. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho nws yog hais txog kho, reconstruction thiab erection. Cov khoom no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

1. chav hauv av.
2. pem teb.
3. Basement.
4. Tunnels.
5. minees thiab lwm yam.

Specialists

Ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev siv cov kev saib xyuas hauv kev tsim kho. Nws raug xa mus raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov project. Cov pab pawg suav nrog cov kws tshaj lij ntawm ntau yam profile, ntawm lawv:

1. Tsim engineer.
2. Tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag thiab nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas.
3. Air conditioning and ventilation engineer.
4. tus kws tshaj lij kav dej.
5. Engineerhluav taws xob tes hauj lwm.
6. Tus Kws Qhia Txog Kev Tsim Kho.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij

Tus kws saib xyuas kev tsim kho yuav tsum ua raws li hauv qab no:

1. Saib xyuas kev ua raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
2. Pab txhawb rau lub sijhawm tshem tawm ntawm qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
3. Tiv thaiv qhov nyiam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thaum sib tham nrog tus neeg cog lus.
4. Kev lees txais nruab nrab ntawm cov theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
5. Txhim kho qhov raug ntawm kev saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm. Tshwj xeeb, qhov no siv rau cov ntawv xov xwm hauv qab no: dav dav, kev txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm, cov qauv vuam, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, kev ua, thiab lwm yam.
6. Koom nrog hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv engineering tuaj. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau txais kev lees paub thiab kev ntsuam xyuas zoo ntawm kev teeb tsa raws li cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm.
7. Txhawm ib qho kev hloov pauv tsis tsim nyog uas yuav ua rau tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho lossis kev kho dua tshiab.



8. Saib xyuas kev ua raws li cov lus pom zoo thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm cov tuam txhab uas tsim cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv los ntawm tus neeg cog lus.
9. Koom nrog hauv kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ncua ib ntus ntawm kev tsim kho lossis nws txoj kev txuag.
10. Tswj kev ua tiav ntawm cov cai, cov cai thiab cov lus qhia los ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev teeb tsa cov koom haum.
11. Khaws cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb kom raug.
12. Saib xyuas kev ua raws li kev tshaj tawm nyiaj txiagtsev codes.
13. Kev lees txais nruab nrab ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov qauv nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tus neeg cog lus dav dav kom sai li sai tau ua haujlwm tiav.
14. Tswj lub sijhawm tshem tawm ntawm kev kuaj pom qhov tsis xws luag, kev siv cov kev tshawb fawb geodetic thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas ua ke nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev teeb tsa cov koom haum.
15. Tshawb xyuas qhov muaj nyob ntawm kev ua uas tuaj yeem lees paub qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom thiab cov qauv siv. Tshwj xeeb, qhov no siv tau rau kev kuaj ntsuas, ntawv pov thawj, ntawv hla tebchaws, thiab lwm yam.



16. Tuav kev ua raws li tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho nrog tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm kev lag luam.
17. Ua kev tswj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv siv.
18. Kuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
19. Ua kom muaj kev ua raws li cov cai thiab cov sijhawm kawg.
20. Koom nrog hauv kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm.
21. pab txhawb rau kev txhim kho lub sijhawm kho.
22. Control qhov kev siv ntawm kev txiav txim siab tsim.

Cov ntaub ntawv nta

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov haujlwm ntsuas, cov kws tshaj lij sau "Technical Supervision Journal". Nws txoj kev coj ua yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb. Cov ntawv xov xwm no yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hais txog kev kho thiab kev tsim vaj tsev. Tag nrho cov lus pom thiab cov kev xav tau nkag mus rau hauv nws los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg. Phau ntawv xov xwmyog ib daim ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg siv khoom. Nrog nws, qhov yuam kev tuaj yeem tshawb pom ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev tsim kho. Raws li txoj cai, lawv raug tso cai thaum lub sijhawm kho.

Kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab tus neeg soj ntsuam

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev saib xyuas kev lag luam tuaj yeem nthuav dav. Qhov no yog ua raws li qhov kev thov ntawm tus neeg siv khoom. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag ntawm kev kho yog implied. Peb tab tom tham txog kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab kev tsom xam ntawm kev kwv yees kev tsim kho tau nthuav tawm. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho kom zoo yog qhov raug muab tso ua ke ntawm qhov kawg. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob tog tau hais meej meej nyob rau hauv txoj cai lij choj, uas tseem tswj hwm kev saib xyuas kev tsim kho (TCP). Raws li qhov no, tus neeg cog lus lees paub los muab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau tus neeg siv khoom txawm tias ua ntej qhov xaus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov no siv rau cov haujlwm uas tau hais tseg, lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab hom, nrog rau cov nqi thiab daim ntawv them nyiaj. Tsis tas li, tus neeg cog lus yuav tsum muab cov neeg siv khoom (ntawm nws qhov kev thov) nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog daim ntawv cog lus, yog tias lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov ua haujlwm.

kev muaj tiag niaj hnub

Hauv kev xyaum, cov xwm txheej hauv qab no tau pom ntau zaus: thawj zaug tshaj tawm tus nqi kho qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus neeg siv khoom raug yuam kom koom nrog thaum ua tiav cov haujlwm. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv overruns thiab cov nqi npaj txhij txog raug suav hais tias yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Tus kws saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum koom nrog hauv kev npaj ntawm qhov kwv yees. Hauv qhov no, txawm tias ua ntej pib kho, tus nqi kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum raug xam. Tib yam siv rau kev tswj xyuas kev ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv siv, uas yuav tsum tau xav txog hauv txoj kev npaj ua ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsum nruj me ntsis saib xyuas lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Qhov no feature tseem ceeb heev. Qhov tseeb, nws tsuas yog lav tias cov txheej txheem tsim kho yuav ua tiav raws li tau npaj tseg. Tam sim no, cov nyiaj tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau nqis peev rau hauv kev tsim kho tshiab, kev npaj thiab kho vaj tsev. Vim li no, tsis muaj leej twg xav tau cov teeb meem ntxiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua yuam kev hauv kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv los yog kev kwv yees, kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm lub koom haum kev tsim kho thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov neeg nyob ze. Hauv kev xyaum, cov nyiaj siv rau kev saib xyuas kev tsim kho pom zoo rau lawv tus kheej tag nrho. Yog li, tus tswv ntawm chav tsev yog tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov tsis tsim nyog txaus ntshai. Thaum qhov project tiav, tus kws tshaj lij koom nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom tiav. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias tus neeg siv khoom txiav txim siab koom nrog tus kws tshaj lij kev saib xyuas tom qab muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog tus neeg cog lus. Hauv qhov no, kev tsim kho thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum tau ua.