Ib yam ntawm cov qauv kev tiv thaiv yog railings. Nws yog ib lub cable nruj nreem ncab ntawm cov ncej ntsug, uas ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv tus neeg los ntawm kev poob lossis nkag mus rau thaj chaw txaus ntshai. Lub tswv yim no tuaj rau peb los ntawm Netherlands thaum ntxov xyoo pua 18th. Hauv Dutch, lo lus "leer" los ntawm kev qhia leiden - coj.
Thaum xub thawj, lo lus no tau siv tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim nkoj. Ntawm no nws txhais tau hais tias ib lub cable tsau rau ntawm cov qauv nkoj, uas ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm kev ntog saum toj lossis hauv qhov tuav. Maj mam, nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv tshuab, xws li laj kab pib siv rau hauv kev tsim kho ntiag tug, thiab tiv thaiv txoj kev, thiab hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg kev ua si.
Ntau hom hlua thaiv
Fencing yog cais raws li ob peb yam. Yog li, nyob ntawm qhov chaw, cov txheej txheem enclosing tuaj yeem yog sab hauv thiabsab nraud. Cov qub tau teeb tsa sab hauv tsev, thaum yav tas los tau teeb tsa sab nraum zoov, yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li muaj kev xav tau ntau dua rau kev ntseeg siab thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Raws li lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm, cov qauv tsim muaj kev nyab xeeb, tiv thaiv, kev taw qhia thiab kev taw qhia. Qhov lawv lub hom phiaj yog qhov tseeb ntawm lawv txhais. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov qauv no yog hlau - stainless hlau, aluminium, hlau. Guardrails tuaj yeem tsim nrog ob qho tib si hloov pauv kab rov tav txuas (kab kab, hlua) thiab cov tawv tawv.
Scope of application
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb dua los faib cov qauv tsheb ciav hlau raws li qhov kev thov, vim tias cov haujlwm, cov cuab yeej siv, kev ntseeg siab thiab lwm yam ntsuas nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lawv siv. Raws li qhov kev ntsuas no, tag nrho cov lifelines yog:
- nkoj - kev tsim txom (lawv tau tuav thaum muaj zog pitching) thiab cawm (nyob rau ntawm lub nkoj cawm siav);
- ruofing - tsim los tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm kev poob ob qho tib si thaum tsim kho lossis kho ua haujlwm, thiab tom qab lub tsev tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm;
- decorative - pab txhim kho kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev;
- balcony thiab staircase - ua ob qho tib si tiv thaiv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj;
- tsheb - Qhov kev tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem pom ntawm txoj kab nqes hav, nkhaus thiab lwm qhov chaw txaus ntshai.
Fences tseem tuaj yeem nyob ruaj khov thiab ib ntus, uas tau teeb tsa rau lub sijhawm ntawm qee yamua haujlwm.
Kev nyab xeeb thiab qhov siab
Tom qab kev teeb tsa, tsis hais txog qhov twg, txhua qhov kev sib txuas tau raug sim rau kev ruaj ntseg. Kev thauj khoom ntawm 400 N / m yog siv rau txhua tus kab rov tav jumper (cable). Yog tias lub tes tuav ua haujlwm muaj kev nyab xeeb, ces qhov loj ntawm lub zog nce mus rau 700 N / m.
Tus qauv tsim kuj raug kuaj los ntawm kev cuam tshuam, nqa 100 kg ntawm cov khoom thauj 1 meter los ntawm av. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib qho kev quab yuam los ntawm txoj hauj lwm tsim yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj qhov txwv (1-5%).
Qhov siab ntawm railing nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov. Ntawm cov tsev uas muaj qhov siab tshaj 10 hli, kev teeb tsa kev tsheb ciav hlau tau ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev poob. Lawv qhov siab tuaj yeem yog:
- raws li cov laj kab tiv thaiv - yam tsawg kawg 110 cm;
- raws li lub teeb liab - tsawg kawg 80 cm;
- ntawm lub ru tsev tsis siv - yam tsawg 30 cm.
Qhov siab yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov cai, tshwj xeeb yog GOST 12.4.059-89 thiab GOST 5.2124-81, uas piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej thiab cov yam ntxwv.
Scale qauv railings
Kev tsim cov qauv tsheb ciav hlau tsis yog tsuas yog kev sib tw rau cov neeg tsim kev loj, nkoj, tsev, tab sis kuj rau cov qauv sib dhos. Cov hlua khi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub nkoj nkoj lossis frigate - cov nkoj nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg sau khoom. Yog li ntawd, lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ua ib lub railing yuav nyob twj ywm rau lub sij hawm ntev.
Thawj qhov koj xav tau yog nrhiav cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej zoo. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv tooj liab lossis tooj dag hlau 0.6-0.8 mm tuab li racks. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv hlau, nrog rau cov tooj liab tshwj xeeb-plated hluav taws xob vuam hlau - txhua yam nyob ntawm koj qhov kev xav thiab kev siv nyiaj.
Raws li cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv nyias-qhov ntswg pliers nrog cov lus qhia corrugated, nrog rau sab cutters. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev tswj cov hlau, ua kom lub ntsej muag ntawm lub cuab yeej nrog lub tshuab sib tsoo lossis emery.
Kev tsim khoom racks
Kev paub yuav ua li cas railings rau ib tug qauv yuav tsum tau tsis tsuas yog thaum tsim "boats", tab sis kuj thaum tsim loj-scale luam ntawm lub tsev thiab cov qauv. Qhov siab ntawm cov txheej txheem enclosing nyob ntawm seb hom layout raug tsim. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav tawm ib daim hlau nrog cov npoo ntawm 8-10 hli - ib ntug yuav tsum tau recessed rau hauv cov qauv kom ruaj ntseg fixation, thiab lwm yam yog khoov kom ruaj rau cable.
Ua tus nuv ntev 1-2 mm. Kho qhov ntug ntawm lub khib nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb kom nws ua tau zoo txawm tias - txoj hauj lwm ntsug ntawm lub khib nyob ntawm qhov no. Rau txhim khu kev qha fixation, qhov qis kawg ntawm tus pas nrig yog kho nrog instant kua nplaum thiab sab laug kom qhuav tag. Tom qab "Lub Sij Hawm" dries, lub khib tuaj yeem txuas nrog PVA zoo tib yam.
Nkoj markings
Peb yuav tsum siv zog los xyuas kom meej tias cov railing ntawm cov qauv raws nraim rov qab lub tsev lub hnab ntawv ntawm cov khoom qub. Rau qhov tseebkhij lub xaib yuav xav tau ntau yam cuab yeej - qauv, awl thiab tus kav. Raws li tus qauv, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntoo thaiv, qhov ntev ntawm qhov yuav sib npaug ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub khib. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom tob tob rau qhov tob tob.
Lub awl yuav tsum nyias - 6-8 mm inch. Yog tias koj nrhiav tsis tau ib yam dab tsi zoo sib xws hauv khw, ces koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, txiav tawm lub qhov muag thiab qhov kawg ntawm rab koob, tom qab ntawd txhuam ib qho ntawm cov npoo. Tsim cov tes los ntawm cov ntoo tawv tawv - ntoo qhib lossis birch.
Ua ntej tho qhov, siv cov khoom siv los taw qhia qhov chaw uas yuav nyob rau yav tom ntej. Txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas koj txoj haujlwm thiab kho yog tias tsim nyog.
Install racks
Kev teeb tsa cov kab thaiv kab thaiv ntawm lub nkoj yog qhov ua tau zoo tsis txawv ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv hauv lub tsev - tsuas yog lawv qhov siab, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab kab rov tav choj (nws yog ua los ntawm cov khoom nruj) hloov. Hauv txhua daim duab koj tuaj yeem pom tias lub ru tsev railing yog dab tsi. Daim duab hauv qab no kuj qhia tau meej meej.
Tau ua lub qhov, koj tuaj yeem pib kho cov racks. Ntawm ntug qis (5-7) ntawm tus pas nrig, siv cov kua nplaum me ntsis, ces muab tso rau hauv lub qhov. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, cov ntoo fibers tej zaum yuav muaj sij hawm mus ncaj tawm, vim hais tias txoj kab uas hla ntawm channel yuav nqaim me ntsis. Hauv qhov no, muaj ob txoj kev xaiv:
- Yog tias koj cov khoom ua haujlwm muaj qhov nruj txaus, ces koj tuaj yeem yooj yim rauj rauj nrog ib tug ntoo mallet, nyemhauv nruab nrab nrog nyias qhov ntswg pliers.
- Yog tias cov racks yog ua los ntawm cov khoom muag, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua rau muab tso rau lawv nrog kev sib hloov los yog lub teeb tapping.
Kev nthuav tawm lub qhov tsis pom zoo, vim tias qhov seem ntawm qhov deformation yuav loj dhau - lub railing yuav dangle, lossis qhov khoob loj yuav nyob twj ywm.
Txhob tuav tes
Thaum cov kua nplaum dries thiab cov racks tau ruaj khov, koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm lawv tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem siv cov xov nyias nyias, xaim lossis cov hlua nyias nyias. Yog tias koj tab tom tsim ib lub tsev qauv, ces siv cov hlau tawv.
Thaum sib sau lub nkoj, thawj cov xov yog rub ntawm ntug ntawm lub khib, yog li simulating ib sab me me. Tom qab ntawd, cov xov yog rub ntawm qhov nruab nrab theem. Hauv qhov no, fiber ntau yuav tsum mus ncig txhua tus pas nrig ntsug ib zaug. Thaum kawg, cov xov yog dhau los ntawm cov hooks ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv muaj zog flattened. Cov kab ke thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsis hloov yog tias koj siv cov hlau nyias.
Thaum koj tau flattened tus nuv kawg, koj tuaj yeem ua kom tag nrho cov qauv. Ua tib zoo saib - cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum nyob rau tib theem ob qho tib si hauv kev npaj thiab hauv qhov profile, thiab tseem muaj qhov siab tib yam. Tom qab leveling tus qauv, grease lub hauv paus ntawm lub racks nrog ib tug ntxiv txheej ntawm kua nplaum kom zoo fixation. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem xav tias koj qhov railing yog npaj txhij. GOST yuav tsis pom qhov ua txhaum ntawm koj tus qauv, thiab cov neeg tuaj saib yuav zoo siab.
