Gable ru: xam, nta, kos duab thiab tsim

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Gable ru: xam, nta, kos duab thiab tsim
Gable ru: xam, nta, kos duab thiab tsim

Video: Gable ru: xam, nta, kos duab thiab tsim

Video: Gable ru: xam, nta, kos duab thiab tsim
Video: Книга 10 - Аудиокнига "Горбун из Нотр-Дама" Виктора Гюго (главы 1-7) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

ru tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub tsev. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm lub tsev los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ib puag ncig. Nws yuav siv tag nrho cov khoom siv sab nraud thiab sib npaug faib rau txhua phab ntsa. Cov ru tsev ntawm ntau yam qauv tsim tuaj yeem txhim kho rau ntawm cov tsev. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog, ntawm chav kawm, ib lub ru tsev gable. Kev suav ntawm cov qauv zoo li no tsis yooj yim. Nws qhov zoo yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho.

Basic elements

Lub ru tsev zoo li no, raws li koj tuaj yeem txiav txim los ntawm nws lub npe, tsuas muaj ob qhov chaw nyob ntawm ob sab ntawm lub tsev. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm qhov tsim no yog:

  • Mauerlat;
  • skate;
  • rafters;
  • racks thiab struts;
  • Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
gable ru tsev xam
gable ru tsev xam

Lub ru tsev gable feem ntau yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim hauv qab no:

  1. A Mauerlat tau kho ntawm cov thauj tog rau nkoj yav dhau los pov rau hauv phab ntsa.
  2. Ib skate yog mounted rau ntawm racks.
  3. Cov rafters thiab struts raug ntsia.
  4. Lub crate tab tom raug teeb tsa.

Ntxiv mus, cov qauv tsim yog sheathed nrog cov khoom siv insulating, waterproofing thiab vov tsev ntawv.

Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab thaum tsim

Yog li, lub ru tsev gable yog qhov yooj yim heev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov project ua ntej sib dhos lub ru tsev yuav tsum tau kos. Qhov no yuav zam kev nkim khoom thiab txuag sijhawm thiab siv zog.

Thaum kos duab lub ru tsev gable, kev suav feem ntau ua raws li hauv qab no:

  • slope angle;
  • ntev thiab ntu ntu ntawm ntoo rau rafters;
  • pab ntawm rafters.

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev, cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo thiab cov vov tsev, koj yuav tsum tau suav cov cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj thiab gables. Nws yog nrog tag nrho cov ntsuas no hauv siab tias lub ru tsev ntawm lub ru tsev gable yog xam.

gable ru tsev xam
gable ru tsev xam

Tilt angle limits

Nws yog los ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm txoj kab nqes uas koj yuav tsum pib xam lub ru tsev gable thaum tsim lub tsev. Qhov taw qhia hauv qhov no yuav nyob ntawm ntau yam:

  • ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev xaiv rau sheathing;
  • kwv yees cua thauj khoom;
  • snow load.

Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom yog muab rau hauv tus account ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov. Yog li, piv txwv li, lub kaum sab xis yam tsawg kawg nkaus:

  • rau cov vuas hlau yuav yog 14 degrees;
  • rau cov ntaub ntawv yob - 5 - 15 gr;
  • corrugated board - 15 gr;
  • Ondulina - 6 gr.

Raws li cua thiab daus load, qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai qhov tseem ceeb rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm qhov slopes yog txiav txim los ntawm tshwj xeeb maps ntawm cov cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov rooj tshwj xeeb yog siv. Piv txwv li, nrog cov cua muaj zog, nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov chaw siab dua - 15 - 25 degrees. Nrog rau cov nag lossis daus ntau hauv thaj chaw uas lub tsev tab tom tsim, lawv, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yuav tsum tau nruab nrog steeper - 45-60 degrees.

xam ntawm gable ru tsev rafters
xam ntawm gable ru tsev rafters

Gable ru tsev rafters: xam lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination

Yog li, tau kawm txog qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws, koj tuaj yeem pib kos duab ntawm lub ru tsev. Thawj kauj ruam yog los txiav txim siab qhov siab ntawm lub ridge. Yog tias nws tau txiav txim siab los ua ib qho chaw zoo tib yam hauv qab lub ru tsev gable, nws tsis tsim nyog tsa lub ridge ntau dhau ntawm cov phab ntsa. Qhov no yuav txuag tau ntawm cov khoom siv. Yog tias nws tau npaj los tsim lub tsev nyob hauv qab lub ru tsev (uas tsis tshua muaj), nws tsim nyog tsim nws siab txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kab nqes hauv feem ntau ntawm Russia yog 30 - 45 degrees.

Ntxiv rau qhov siab ntawm lub ridge, los xam qhov nqes hav ntawm lub ru tsev gable, los yog lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm nws cov slopes, koj yuav xav tau xws li qhov taw qhia raws li qhov dav ntawm pediment. Nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ntsuas cov phab ntsa luv ntawm lub tsev, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv qhov ntev ntawm lub overhangs rau qhov tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev suav yog ua los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no: H=1 / 2LtgA. A yog lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm txoj kab nqes, H yog qhov siab ntawm txoj kab, L yog qhov dav ntawm pediment. Lub tangent ntawm lub kaum sab xis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab sivCov lus qhia lej Bradis.

gable ru tsev gable xam
gable ru tsev gable xam

Xam ntawm gable ru tsev rafters: ntev thiab ntu

Nws yog cov ntsiab lus hauv kev tsim lub ru tsev gable uas yog cov tseem ceeb. Txoj kev hla thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov rafters yuav tsum tau muab xam, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, raws li qhov tseeb hais tias rau 1 m 2ntawm txoj kab nqes, qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 45 kg..

Feem ntau, cov nqaj nrog ib feem ntawm 100 x 150 cm yog siv los sib sau ua ke lub ru tsev gable. Cov khoom siv no yuav zoo tagnrho nrog cov kauj ruam ntawm rafters ntawm 80 - 100 cm. Yog tias qhov project muab ntau dua. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus no, nws tsim nyog siv lub nqaj tuab. Nrog rau cov kauj ruam me me, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws raug tso cai rau nruab cov rafters nyias.

Qhov ntev ntawm lub nqaj yog txiav txim siab nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm txoj kab thiab qhov dav ntawm lub gable (sib faib los ntawm 2). Cov rafters nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nyob rau hauv txoj cai daim duab peb sab yuav ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub hypotenuse. Kev txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm lub nqaj tsis yog qhov nyuaj. Koj tuaj yeem xam qhov ntev ntawm ib kab, tsuas yog tsom mus rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm lub ru tsev gable. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tau ntxiv xws li ib tug ntsuas raws li qhov siab ntawm lub ridge. Daim duab no tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muab faib los ntawm sine ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov ntsuas no los ntawm lub rooj Bradis.

Rau qhov kawg tshwm sim, ntxiv txog 20 - 40 cm rau overhangs. Nws yog ib qho yuav tsum tau teeb tsa lawv. Txwv tsis pub, yav tom ntej, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev, cov dej nag yuav poob rau ntawm nws cov phab ntsa. Thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav txo tau lub neej ntawm lub tsev.

Sami lumber rau rafters yuav tsum xaiv qhov zoo xwb. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog lub ru tsev ntsiab uas yog load-bearing. Bars nrog ntau cov pob caus rau rafters tsis tuaj yeem siv. Cov ntsiab lus no yuav tsum tau muab khi rau hauv mauelat thiab lub ridge siv tsuas yog galvanized fab lossis cov ntsia hlau zoo.

xam lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ru tsev gable
xam lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ru tsev gable

Xaiv thaj tsam ntawm qhov nqes hav thiab cov khoom siv xav tau

Yog li, kev suav yog tsim rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm lub ru tsev gable, qhov ntev thiab ntu ntawm nws cov rafters. Tab sis txhawm rau txiav txim siab txog cov khoom siv uas xav tau rau sheathing, koj kuj yuav tsum paub qhov taw qhia xws li thaj tsam ntawm txoj kab nqes. Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau siv. Koj tuaj yeem pom thaj tsam ntawm ib txoj kab nqes los ntawm kev muab qhov ntev ntawm lub rafter los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej.

Nws yog qhov yooj yim los txiav txim siab thaum tsim thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xav tau rau sheathing. Piv txwv li, thaum siv vov tsev xav, koj yuav tsum xub xam qhov chaw ntawm ib yob. Ua li no, muab nws qhov dav los ntawm nws qhov ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj tsam ntawm txoj kab nqes tsuas yog muab faib los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm qhov yob. Thaum xam qhov no, nws tseem yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov xav tau ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Kev suav kuj tseem ua tau thaum siv cov ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li, cov vuas hlau lossis corrugated board.

Xaiv thaj tsam gable

Qhov no ntawm cov qauv ru tsev feem ntau yog npog nrog cov laug cam. Txhawm rau xam cov gables ntawm lub ru tsev gable, koj yuav xav tau cov ntsuas xws li qhov siab ntawm lub ridge thiab qhov dav ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub tsev. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab thaj tsam ntawm qhov no ntawm lub ru tsev qauv, koj tuaj yeem ua tauyuav nrhiav tau tus naj npawb ntawm cov laug cam xav tau rau sheathing. Kev suav hauv qhov no yog ua raws li tus qauv: S=1 / 2ah, qhov twg S yog thaj chaw, a yog qhov dav ntawm pediment, h yog qhov siab ntawm ridge.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Tau suav cov cheeb tsam ntawm qhov nqes hav thiab gable, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los txiav txim seb tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xav tau rau sheathing. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov ntawv vov tsev thiab cov laug cam nrog cov npoo. Tom qab tag nrho, thaum sheathing lub ru tsev, ib feem ntawm cov khoom yuav yeej puas. Pov tseg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yog inevitable. Thiab txiav cov boards los yog cov ntawv txheeb raws li qhov ua tau yog nyob deb ntawm ib txwm ua tau.

Txoj kev sib dhos lub ru tsev gable: yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob yuam kev

Yog li, tau kos cov phiaj xwm kom raug thiab ua tiav txhua qhov tsim nyog suav, lub ru tsev tuaj yeem txhim kho kom ntseeg tau raws li qhov ua tau. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txhawm rau lub ru tsev ntawm ob txoj kab nqes kom ruaj khov, qee cov lus pom zoo yuav tsum tau ua raws ncaj qha thaum nws sib dhos:

  • cua yuav tsum tau muab ua ntej txheej rwb thaiv tsev hauv lub ncuav mog qab zib;
  • cov slabs ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub lawv tus kheej yuav tsum nyob ib leeg thiab cov qauv ntawm cov kab ke kom nruj li sai tau;
  • Cov vapor barrier zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv lub ncuav mog qab zib yog tsau nrog cov nplaum nplaum, tsis rau tes;
  • lub crate yuav tsum tau muab ntim rau hauv increments sib xws rau cov khoom xaiv.
gable ru tsev nqes hav xam
gable ru tsev nqes hav xam

Sib sau ua ke lub ru tsev thiaj li ua rau nws txhim khu kev qha, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua txhaum kev siv tshuab. Lub ru tsev gable ncuav qab zib yog mounted raws li nram noway:

  1. Rwb thaiv tsev boards yog pw nruab nrab ntawm cov rafters ntsia. Los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub qab nthab, kom lawv tsis txhob poob, ib tug tsawg mesh ntawm hlau los yog txhuas hlau yog rub.
  2. Ib lub waterproofer yog mounted saum lub rwb thaiv tsev. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los kho nws nrog me ntsis sag ntawm cov tuav. Txoj kev no yuav tsis txhob rhuav cov khoom siv thaum lub ru tsev txav, nrog rau cov txheej txheem cua.
  3. A crate yog mounted saum lub waterproofer.

Lub vapor barrier ntawm lub ru tsev gable yog raug ntsia los ntawm sab ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab. Sheathing khoom yog mounted saum cov zaj duab xis, tsau nrog ib daim kab xev. Nws tuaj yeem yog, piv txwv li, plywood, hauv ob sab phlu, yas panels, thiab lwm yam.

gable ru tsev xam daim duab
gable ru tsev xam daim duab

Basic rau vov tsev khoom

Yuav suav cov crate thaum tsim lub ru tsev gable, yam xws li qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev thiab cov daus daus yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Nyob rau hauv cov pobzeb hlau, piv txwv li, cov rooj txhawb nqa tuaj yeem tau ntim rau hauv increments ntawm 230 - 400 mm. Hauv qab cov khoom siv vov tsev, lub crate yog nruab nrog ib qho khoom, thiab lwm yam.

Cov ntoo ntoo rau lub hauv paus hauv qab cov khoom siv vov tsev kuj tseem raug xaiv los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kawg. Ob lub bar thiab lub rooj tsavxwm tuaj yeem siv los ua ke lub crate. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis pom zoo kom siv ntoo dav dav rau mounting lub hauv paus. Txwv tsis pub, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub crate thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub ru tsev yuav twist. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov laug cam dav feem ntau tawg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sheathing tsis tuaj yeem txhim khu kev qha. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cratesntoo los yog boards suav hais tias yog 150 mm dav.

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