Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, ntau tus kws tsim khoom hauv tsev tau ntsib nrog qhov xav tau los txuas cov raj txhuas. Feem ntau, txoj haujlwm no yog ua los ntawm dov - ib qho yooj yim, pheej yig thiab khoom siv-kev nyab xeeb txoj kev. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum txhuas raj yuav tsum tau soldered. Yog tias koj muaj kev paub txog kev paub yooj yim, ces koj tuaj yeem ua txoj haujlwm no koj tus kheej. Koj yuav kawm paub yuav ua li cas solder ib lub raj txhuas hauv tsev hauv kab lus no.
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj haujlwm?
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov tshuab cua txias tsis tau nruab nrog cov kav dej seem. Yog li koj yuav tsum ua raws li lawvkhw kho vajtse.
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais lub raj tooj liab uas muaj cov nyiaj tsis huv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias cov khoom tsis raug corrosion, tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias hloov yam tsis muaj deformation. Yuav ua li cas solder lub aluminium raj? Ob txoj kev siv tau, uas yog qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, qhov kub ntawm tsawg kawg yog 600 degrees yuav tsum tau yaj lub solder. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ntsuas no tuaj yeem ncav cuag 900. Cov txheej txheem yog tsim los ua haujlwm nrog cov raj uas tuaj yeem tiv taus cov khoom hnyav. Tsawg kub yog siv rau cov kav dej tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv cov ntawv thov tub yees. Yog tias koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog cov muag muag muag, ces qhov ntsuas kub nce mus txog 450 degrees, thiab ntau dua - nrog cov tawv tawv.
About khoom thiab khoom
Ua ntej soldering lub txhuas raj, tau txais cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:
- Pib Cutter. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj qhov kawg ntawm lub raj, uas yuav txuas nrog solder.
- Pib bender. Yog tias koj ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej no, feem ntau yuav, creases rau ntawm lub raj, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau patency. Nrog cov yeeb nkab bender, koj tuaj yeem khoov cov kav dej mus rau lub kaum ntse ntse.
- Soldering hlau thiab roj burner.
- Solder. Nws tuaj yeem yog tawv lossis mos. Tight thiab muaj zog soldering ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov huv ntawm qhov chaw.
Tau kawg, yuav tau yuavlub handset nws tus kheej. Nws txoj kab uas hla yog nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv. Lub zog ntau dua, yog li ntawd, txoj kab uas hla yuav loj dua. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yuav nyob ntawm seb nws cov yam ntxwv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau thiab cov npe ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws tsis tsim nyog txuag ntawm txhuas raj, vim qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab nws lub neej kev pab cuam.
About solders
Cov neeg uas tsis paub yuav ua li cas solder lub raj aluminium ntawm lub tshuab cua txias tuaj yeem pom zoo kom siv tooj liab-phosphorus thiab nyiaj solders. Rau cov khoom siv tooj liab, nws yog qhov zoo dua los hloov phosphorus solder nrog nyiaj ions. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov tshuaj phosphorus yog nkig nyob rau hauv cov alloys uas cov nyiaj npib tsib xee tshaj 10%. Yog tias koj cov tawv tawv muaj cadmium, ces koj yuav tsum txhawj xeeb txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, vim tias cadmium vapor tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub cev. Ua ntej soldering aluminium raj hauv lub tub yees, hom kev sib txuas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Piv txwv li, tooj liab nrog tooj liab, nrog hlau thiab nrog txhuas.
Thawj kis, koj yuav tau ua haujlwm nrog tooj liab. Kev sib koom ua ke nrog lub qhov cub yuav tsum tau rhuab mus rau 600 degrees (nws yuav tig dub cherry). Tom ntej no, lub solder yuav tsum tau dipped rau hauv lub flux. Yuav kom melting tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum nias lub bar rau rhuab sib koom. Nrog steel-steel thiab tooj liab-steel pob qij txha, lawv ua hauj lwm nrog nyiaj-muaj solder, uas tseem hu ua nyiaj. Solder nrog cov ntsiab lus nyiaj siab yuav xav tau qhov kub thiab txias kom yaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nwsNws muaj qhov ntub dej zoo dua thiab muaj dej ntws zoo, tsis zoo li tooj liab-phosphorus, uas xav tau qhov kub thiab txias dua kom yaj.
Flux
Vim yog cov qauv tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntawm txhuas, koj tuaj yeem ntsib teeb meem thaum lub sijhawm soldering. Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas aluminium yog hlau ncaj ncees.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ntau yam tshuaj siv tau los ua cov tshuaj reagents. Thaum cov hlau uas tsis yog-ferrous cuam tshuam nrog cov pa oxygen, qhov tsim ntawm nyias nyias thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj zog oxide zaj duab xis yog pom nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom. Vim lub fact tias cov khoom ntawm txhuas thiab nws cov oxide yog kiag li opposite, tsim ntawm no zaj duab xis yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tag nrho. Rau lub hom phiaj no, koj yuav xav tau flux.
Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom pabcuam no, oxides raug tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom siv thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov flux tiv thaiv lawv cov tsim. Kev txiav txim los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, lub hom zoo tshaj plaws yog F-64 nrog 40% cov ntsiab lus fluorine nquag. Tom qab ua haujlwm, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau soldered yuav tsum tau ntxuav. Flux A-214 yog suav tias yog tus neeg sawv cev tsis huv uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm 150 txog 400 degrees. Tom qab ua haujlwm, nws cov residues tau yooj yim tshem tawm nrog daim ntaub niaj hnub, uas yog pre-moistened nrog cawv.
Dab tsiqhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem?
Ua ntej koj soldering ib lub raj txhuas, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias txheej txheem ntawm soldering yog dab tsi. Kev tsim ntawm kev sib txuas los ntawm kev sib txuas yog tshwm sim hauv ob theem. Ua ntej, kev sib cuag ntawm lub cev yog tsim los ntawm qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib cuag ntawm lub cev tau hloov mus rau hauv quantum mechanical kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm electron plhaub ntawm atoms. Txhawm rau pib kev sib cuag lub cev ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev sib txuas tshuaj ntxiv, cov hlau yuav tsum tau brazed yog wetted nrog kua solder. Qhov kev tsim nyog ntawm nws daim ntawv thov yog nyob ntawm qhov taw qhia xws li hom interatomic rog ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag. Yog hais tias lub cev adsorption raug pom, ces raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm wetting nrog kua solder, ib tug tsawg-lub zog sib koom yuav tau txais. Yog tias cov kua thiab cov khoom hlau sib cuam tshuam chemical, ces ib daim ntawv cog lus muaj zog yog tsim los ntawm wetting.
Ntog cua sov
Rau cov neeg uas tsis paub yuav ua li cas solder lub raj aluminium thiab qhov twg yuav pib, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo ua ntej npaj qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau koom nrog. Lawv yog rhuab nrog ib tug sheaf ntawm nplaim taws. Nws yog ntshaw tias nws nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1 cm ntawm qhov chaw. Yog tias koj xav tau txuas cov khoom loj, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog cov cua sov uas tsis sib xws. Copper-zinc solders yog melted siv cov nplaim oxidizing, uas txo cov zinc evaporation.
Stainless steels yog rhuab nrog ib txwm nplaim taws. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog chromium carbides, uas tuaj yeem pibintergranular corrosion. Yog tias koj xav tau solder qhov sib txawv nrog cov thicknesses sib txawv, ces cov nplaim yuav tsum raug coj mus rau qhov chaw uas muaj thermal conductivity ntau dua thiab qhov hnyav.
About nplaim taws
Hauv qhov no, koj yuav xav tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb uas khiav ntawm cov pa hauv tsev, propane lossis acetylene. Nws yog siv los ua kom sov qhov chaw uas nws thickness tsis pub tshaj 1 cm. Ntxiv nrog rau txhuas, acetylene torches yog siv rau cua sov thiab soldering carbon thiab tsawg alloy steels, grey cam khwb cia hlau, tooj liab, npib tsib xee, tooj liab-nickel alloys, nyiaj thiab kub. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov kub ntawm qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov ntsuas no yog 50 degrees siab tshaj qhov melting point ntawm lub solder siv. Rau nplaim taws soldering, tin-lead, tin-zinc, tooj liab, nyiaj, aluminium thiab kub solders yog haum. Cov txheej txheem yuav kav peb feeb. Propane yog muab nyob rau hauv siab txog li 400 kPa (tsis tsawg tshaj li 100), acetylene los ntawm 60 mus rau 80, tsev neeg gas - 30 kPa. Thaum xaiv cov flux, koj yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm qhov ntsuas kub thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov pa roj gaseous.
Hais txog kev kho tsheb cua txias. Txoj kev
Ntau zaus, cov tswv tsheb nug yuav ua li cas solder lub aluminium raj ntawm lub tsheb cua txias? Ib txhia sim kho qhov teeb meem ntawm lawv tus kheej. Yog tias txoj haujlwm no tsis ua tiav, ces koj yuav tsum tau mus rau qhov chaw pabcuam kom tus kws tshaj lijrov ua dua. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los kho cov raj txhuas, uas yog los ntawm kev sib tsoo los yog los ntawm kev txau cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb rau lawv.
Kev ua txhaum
Tej zaum yuav yog cov raj txhuas hauv lub tsheb lub tshuab cua txias xwb. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub caij ntuj no, thaum lub tshuab cua txias tsis ua haujlwm. Raws li cov kab mob sib kis ntawm cov radiators hauv lub tshuab cua txias thiab lub cav, tag nrho cov kab yuav txhaws. Yog li ntawd, lub tub yees yuav tsis ncig thiab sib xyaw nrog cov dej noo kom tag nrho. Vim muaj cov tshuaj reagents, ua txhaum ntawm cov dej noo thiab qhov kub thiab txias hloov, cov txhuas los ntawm cov hlab ntsha raug puas tsuaj. Yog li, lawv lub neej ua haujlwm nyob ntawm huab cua, qhov kub thiab txias, cov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev, kev koom tes hauv kev sib tsoo tsheb thiab kev thauj khoom dav dav ntawm lub tsheb. Ua ke, cov xwm txheej no yuav cuam tshuam rau lub xeev ntawm cov cua txias.
pib qhov twg?
Ua ntej tshaj, koj yuav tsum kuaj xyuas lub cuab yeej. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws yuav nyuaj ua qhov no los ntawm qhov muag. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub raj tuaj yeem nrog microcracks, los ntawm qhov uas freon ntws tawm. Txij li thaum lub tub yees tsis muaj xim, nws cov leakage raug kuaj pom siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Lawv pib nrog kev tshuaj xyuas sab nraud, tom qab ntawd ntsuas lub siab ntawm lub tub yees, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog kev pab los ntawm ultraviolet diagnostics thiab lub tshuab nqus dej.txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm freon leak. Yog tias koj tsis xav nkim koj lub sijhawm los daws teeb meem, tam sim ntawd siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Piv txwv li, nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Moscow, koj tuaj yeem ua ib lub raj txhuas hauv ntau lub tsheb. Piv txwv li, hauv Kev Pabcuam Liab Kub, ntxiv rau kev sib txuas cov kav dej ntawm lub tshuab ua kom txias, lawv tseem yuav ua lwm yam haujlwm rau koj, uas yog, lawv yuav hloov cov roj, sau cov cua txias, thiab kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Kho qhov tawg me me
Rau cov neeg uas tsis paub yuav ua li cas solder lub raj txhuas, cov kws ua haujlwm paub txog yuav pom zoo siv cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb. Yog tias cov kav dej hauv koj lub tshuab cua txias muaj qhov tawg me me, NW nyuam qhuav pom ntawm qhov muag, ces koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj argon-arc vuam. Cov thaj ua rau thaj tshwj xeeb yog siv rau lub qhov hauv cov hlab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lawv cov thickness yog tsawg kawg yog 3 hli. Ua li no, txhuas raj yuav tsum tau coated nrog ib tug sib tov nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej. Yog tias cov kab nrib pleb loj, ces koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj argon-arc vuam. Nws qhov zoo dua yog tias nws tsis suav nrog kev sib cuag ntawm qhov chaw nrog oxygen, thiab yog li ntawd, tsim cov oxides. Yog li, thaum ua haujlwm nrog argon arc vuam, koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj flux.
Kev nce qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Raws li ntau tus neeg siv kev tshuaj xyuas, txhua tus neeg uas muaj kev paub txog kev siv vuam me me tuaj yeem ua txoj haujlwm no. Txhawm rau pib, yuav cov yeeb nkab cutter, lub tshuab tshwj xeeb khoov thiab vuam. Qee cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev siv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws tsis siv lub tshuab txiav. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, qhov no tsis tsim nyog ua,vim tias qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsis zoo ib yam. Cov yeeb nkab bender tuaj yeem yog universal (lawv ua haujlwm nrog cov kab sib txawv) thiab tshwj xeeb (tsim rau cov kav dej ntawm ib txoj kab uas hla).
Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum yuav cov raj txhuas, txiav rau qhov ntev uas xav tau thiab khoov rau ntawm lub tshuab khoov. Tom qab npaj cov hlab, txiav cov fittings thiab txuas txhua yam rau hauv ib qho system. Ua ntej txuas, ntxuav cov hlab kom huv si nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb lossis ib lub xaim txhuam. Yog tias roj, xim lossis lub ntiaj teb tseem nyob rau ntawm cov khoom, ces qhov adhesion ntawm cov hlau mus rau solder yuav phem dua. Yog tias koj xav txuas ob lub raj, ntxig rau hauv ib leeg kom muaj qhov sib txawv me me (0.2 cm) uas tom qab ntawd yuav tau ntim nrog molten solder. Tom qab ua tiav cov kauj ruam no, koj tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha mus rau qhov soldering nws tus kheej.
