Foundation yog lub hauv paus lossis hauv av rau lub tsev. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov hauv paus yog dab tsi? Faib cib, pob zeb, ntoo, pob zeb xaiv. Cia peb nyob hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua hom ntawm lub hauv paus, vim qhov zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov qauv hauv kev tsim kho yog nyob ntawm lub hauv paus.
Parameters rau kev faib tawm
Lub hauv paus yog lub hauv paus txhawb nqa, nws yog tsim los hloov lub nra ntawm lub tsev mus rau lub hauv paus platform. Lub hauv paus tau muab faib ua ob hom: ntuj thiab dag. Thawj pawg suav nrog cov av nyob hauv qab lub hauv paus. Lawv muaj ib lub peev xwm, xyuas kom ruaj ntseg ntawm cov qauv thaum lub sij hawm shrinkage.
Lub hauv paus tsim muaj tsis muaj peev xwm. Txhawm rau ua kom nws lub zog, siv rammer, cov av noo noo txo, thiab lub hauv paus raug xa mus rau lwm qhov chaw.
Kev faib tawm ntawm lub hauv paus los ntawm cov qauv tsim muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov hom hauv qab no:
- ribbon;
- pile;
- columnar;
- slab (monolithic).
cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Cov kab xev yog muab tso rau hauv qab phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev lossis hauv qab pob zeb kev txhawb nqa.
Lub hauv paus columnar yog nteg rau qhov tob uas yuav tsum tau ua rau lub teeb pom kev zoo.
Pile hom yog siv nyob rau hauv cov dej hauv av siab, nrog rau thaum nws tsim nyog los tsim ib lub tsev nrog nce load. Tam sim no, nws tau nquag siv hauv kev teeb tsa cov tsev qis qis ntawm cov dej, kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm cov av swampy.
Slab lub hauv paus yog siv rau cov av uas muaj peev xwm qis. Hom no yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv dej ntxiv thaum tsim lub hauv paus rau hauv qab daus.
Raws li kev tsim kho
Kev faib tawm ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus no suav nrog kev faib ntawm ntau pawg ntawm lub hauv paus:
- khaw;
- dub;
- monolithic;
- national teams.
Thaum xaiv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov siab tshaj plaws loads uas cov phab ntsa thiab lub ru tsev yuav ua rau lub hauv paus.
kab xaiv xaiv
Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm hom kev hauv paus. Kev faib tawm muab lub hauv paus sawb hauv thawj qhov chaw. Qhov kev xaiv no suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho vaj tsev ntiag tug. Kev faib tawm ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm hom no yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov qauv ntawm SNiP (3.02.01) raws li hauv qab nofeatured:
- designs;
- qhov tob
Raws li thawj kos npe, prefabricated cov qauv ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse muaj zog, cov kev xaiv monolithic (lawv tau nchuav rau hauv cov ntawv ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho), cib lossis cov pob zeb tawg yog qhov txawv.
Raws li qhov tob ntawm kev tso, strip foundations muab faib ua ob pawg:
- strip foundation ntawm qhov tob tsis tseem ceeb (0.4-0.7 m);
- dub (qis qis qis).
Hauv kev tsim kho tus kheej, siv cov qauv monolithic.
Pile structures
Dab tsi yog kev faib tawm ntawm pawg hauv paus? Yuav pib nrog, peb yuav muab ib tug luv luv piav qhia ntawm no version ntawm lub hauv paus. Cov no yog cov qauv hauv av uas muaj cov duab elongated. Lawv tau npaj raws li cais cov ntsiab lus los yog ua ib pab pawg, ntsia obliquely los yog ntsug. Qee cov pawg tau tsav ncaj qha rau hauv av. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov version ntawm lub hauv paus no yog ntsia los ntawm screwing, nias, immersing, stuffing.
Txhua qhov kev xaiv xav tias nws tus kheej kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis, khoom siv ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev ua haujlwm. Kev faib tawm ntawm pawg thiab pawg hauv paus koom nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo txog kev nce hauv cov kabmob ntawm cov av. Cov hauv paus zoo li no yog siv rau hauv kev tsim vaj tsev nyob, lub teb chaws tsev.
Dab tsi yog hom pob zeb hauv paus? Ob qhov kev faib tawm thiab kev sivraws li ntau qhov tsis muaj:
- design nta;
- size;
- section shapes;
- khoom;
- installation technology;
- nature of work;
- txoj kev txhawb zog.
Nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim, rau kev tsim kho, koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho los yog sib xyaw, ua los ntawm ob peb ntu, pawg. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj qhov taw qhia lossis tsis pom hauv qab kawg, nrog rau kev txuas ntxiv ntawm ntau qib.
Los ntawm qhov loj, pawg muab faib ua nyuaj (luv) thiab ntev (nruab nrab hardness).
Cov duab hauv qab no tam sim no muaj: polygonal, puag ncig, pyramidal, trapezoidal, cruciform, conical, hollow, solid.
Khoom siv los ua pawg: pob zeb, pob zeb, pob zeb, ntoo, hlau. Tsis ntev los no, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv tau siv ntau zuj zus, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm pawg.
Los ntawm qhov ua haujlwm, kev txhawb nqa thiab kev xaiv dai yog qhov txawv. Thaum txhim kho pawg, lawv siv tsav tsheb, ntsia hlau, ntim khoom, indentation.
Txoj kev xaiv pawg
Thaum xaiv hom pawg, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av, qhov siab thiab cov qauv ntawm lub tsev. Piv txwv li, rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj permafrost, cov khoom railway piles yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa transverse yuav tsis ua haujlwm.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau thawj zaug kawm lub hauv paus: kev faib tawm, kev xav tau, nta, khawsqhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd pib nrog kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv tshiab. Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov qauv tsim ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv raug.
Pile-racks - pillars uas dhau los ntawm cov av mos, raws li nws cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Hanging pawg - shafts uas hloov cov load ntawm lub tsev mus rau hauv av los ntawm sab saum toj.
khoom siv
rau lub ntsej muag rau ib qho tob los ntawm indentation lossis tsav, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb yog siv: Rauj lossis lwm yam kev poob siab. Cov kev xaiv hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- mechanical;
- hydraulic;
- pneumatic;
- diesel.
Yog ramming hom pawg siv hauv kev tsim kho, qhov dej tau pib xyaum los yog cov kav dej hollow tau tsav mus rau hauv av. Qhov tshwm sim yog ntim nrog pob zeb mortar.
Zoo ntawm cov av thiab cov cuab yeej xaiv, lub plhaub yog sab laug lossis tshem tawm tom qab cov pawg tau teeb tsa.
Txoj kev ntawm pawg
Rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov ntsia hlau, hlau lossis cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog. Lawv muaj ib lub thoob thiab helical hniav, uas yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb khau-ntsia. Sab hauv yog hollow, nrog rau ntim nrog pob zeb. Cov hniav tuaj yeem welded hlau, cam khwb cia hlau, yas.
Pine lossis spruce ntoo yog siv los ua cov khoom siv ntoo. Qee zaum lub hauv paus rau ntoopawg ua larch, ntoo qhib, cedar. Ncaj-barreled cav raug xaiv rau pawg, lub bark yog thawj zaug tshem tawm ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov tob tob, ntoo pawg yog spliced nyob rau hauv 3-5 ntsiab.
Cov pob zeb ua pob zeb yog tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab cov qauv monolithic tau tsim ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho (raws li qhov project). Qhov cuab lub zog yog poured nrog pob zeb, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub climatic yam ntxwv ntawm lub cheeb tsam.
Cov kav, dov profiles, welded qauv yog siv rau cov hlau pawg. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv atmospheric corrosion, lawv tau kho nrog cov thee tar, bitumen, thiab tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv corrosion.
Lub hauv paus pawg muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov grillage thiab pawg, uas yog qhov sib txuas thiab faib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom thauj ntawm cov qauv. Cov kab hluav taws xob txhawb nqa lossis cov slabs uas txuas cov pawg yuav txhawb nqa hauv av ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho.
