Cross vaults hauv architecture ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab tam sim no

Cov txheej txheem:

Cross vaults hauv architecture ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab tam sim no
Cross vaults hauv architecture ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab tam sim no

Video: Cross vaults hauv architecture ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab tam sim no

Video: Cross vaults hauv architecture ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab tam sim no
Video: What is a vault in architecture? | Types of Vaults - Barrel Vault, Groin Vault, Ribbed Vault 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Yog tias koj twb tau sawv hauv ib lub tsev thiab saib lub qab nthab nkhaus, tej zaum koj yuav tau pom lub puab tsaig. Hauv cov tsev teev ntuj Romanesque hauv thawj xyoo txhiab AD, architects ua lub ru tsev ntawm ntoo lossis pob zeb ntawm ib qho yooj yim tsim. Tab sis cov ntoo ru tsev yeej ib txwm ntes tau hluav taws thiab hlawv tag nrho lub tsev. Thiab nrog lub thawv ntim khoom, nws hnyav heev uas cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tuab heev. Tsuas muaj chaw rau ob peb lub qhov rais me me xwb. Yog li ntawd, lub tsev teev ntuj ntsia tsaus nti.

cross vault hauv architecture
cross vault hauv architecture

Kev tshwm sim ntawm tus qauv tshiab

Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov qauv tsim hauv Rome thiab maj mam kis mus rau Byzantine thiab Islamic architecture. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lub thawv ntim khoom muaj ntau dua. Tab sis cov neeg Loos tau pib tsim ib hom tshiab rau kev siv hauv ntau cov qauv, qee qhov muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Thawj Crusadelub vault tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe, tab sis tau tsim hauv Delphi los ntawm Pergamon huab tais Attalos kuv ntawm 241 thiab 197. BC e. Lawv tau siv hauv cov chav loj loj, xws li frigidarium ntawm Baths of Caracalla thiab Diocletian.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev

Maj mam ib qho kev taw qhia tshiab tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv pawg ntseeg architecture ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. Txoj kev maj nrawm los tsim cov tuam tsev tau mus txog nws qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab hom tshiab tau nthuav tawm hnyav heev vim nws muaj peev xwm los tsim ib lub foothold yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa loj. Nws kuj tau muab lub sijhawm rau cov kws tsim vaj tsev hauv lub tsev teev ntuj kom zam lub teeb pom kev tsaus ntuj ntawm qhov kev tsim yav dhau los, uas xav tau ntau lub zog kom muaj zog txaus.

Romanesque vault
Romanesque vault

Tsim nta

Xim 1050 CE e. architects twb nquag siv xws li vaults. Thaum koj saib ntawm Romanesque cross vault, koj pom plaub qhov nkhaus uas sib ntsib hauv nruab nrab. Lawv muaj ob lub cylindrical uas sib cuam tshuam ib leeg, tsim tsab ntawv X. Yuav kom ua tau zoo li no, cov neeg tsim khoom hla ntau cov duab nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub kaum sab xis lossis sab xis. Qhov twg cov npoo ntawm lub vaults sib ntsib, lawv tsim cov kab ntshiab. Lawv tseem hu ua ribs. Piv nrog lub cylindrical vault, tus ntoo khaub lig vault hauv architecture muab kev txuag nyiaj zoo hauv cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Architectural fashion kis

Lub tsev ntawm hom no yog thawj zaug siv los ntawm cov neeg Loos. Tab sis tom qab ntawd hauv Tebchaws Europe nws tau poob rau hauv cov txheeb ze tsis pom kev kom txog thaum rov tshwm sim. Kev tsim kho pob zeb zoo coj los ntawm Carolingian thiab Romanesque architecture. Txoj kev tsim kho yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qab daus theem, xws li ntawm Myres Castle hauv Scotland, los yog nyob rau hauv pem teb theem rau cov chaw cia, xws li ntawm Muchalls Castle nyob rau tib lub teb chaws.

nyuaj los tsim cov qauv no kom raug vim qhov geometry ntawm txoj kab rov tav ntawm lub puab tsaig vault, uas feem ntau yog elliptical hauv ntu ntu. Yog li ntawd, xws li kev mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse hauv kev txiav pob zeb. Qhov no yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug zoo dome. Nws tau hloov pauv los ntawm cov vaults hloov tau yooj yim ntawm Gothic architecture nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog lig.

Romanesque cross vault
Romanesque cross vault

Qhov zoo ntawm tus qauv tshiab

Lub puab tsaig pob txha tuaj yeem sib npaug, zoo li hauv cov tsev teev ntuj Romanesque, lossis taw tes, zoo li hauv Gothic sawv daws. Cov qauv arched no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cib lossis pob zeb thiab tsim los txhawb lub qab nthab. Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm hom no yog tias nws siv tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm lub ru tsev thiab faib nws tsuas yog ntawm plaub lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm txhua tus tav. Qhov no ntxiv dag zog rau lub qab nthab vim tias txhua sab ntawm lub koov pab faib qhov hnyav thiab txhawb lub qab nthab.

Thiab yog tias muaj kev txhawb nqa zoo li no, tsis tas yuav tsum tsim cov phab ntsa ruaj khov ntawm lawv. Yog li ntawd, nws tau los ua ntau lub qhov rais iav. Yog li ntawd, cov tsev teev ntuj tau ci ntsa iab, thiab cov parishioners nyob rau hauv lawv hnov qhov muaj zog dawb ceev ntxiv.

roman ntoo khaub lig
roman ntoo khaub lig

Nyob rau thaum ntxov medieval cross vaults muaj rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txhawb nqa - cov ces kaum thiab qhov kawg ntawm lwm lub koov. Piv txwv li, Cathedral ntawm Laon thiab Notre Dame hauv Paris siv hom no. Tab sis los ntawm 1200, feem ntau lub tsev teev ntuj, xws li Chartres los yog Rouen, tau siv lub puab tsaig vaults uas muaj plaub tav. Lawv xav tau kev txhawb nqa tsawg dua, uas tso cai rau ntau lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm lub qhov rais loj.

Modern Architecture thiab Medieval Experience

Lub qab nthab hauv lub qhov rooj ntoo khaub lig tsuas yog kev tsim kho ntawm ob peb lub vaults ua ke. Los ntawm kev rov ua cov qauv no, cov neeg tsim kho pom tau hais tias lawv tuaj yeem thaiv qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw, xws li txoj kev hauv tsev, nrog rau lawv. Lub puab tsaig vault qab nthab yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv nrov tshaj plaws thiab zoo nkauj hauv cov tsev niaj hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev tsim kho ib txwm siv los ua lub ru tsev hom no yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse, sijhawm, thiab khoom siv. Piv txwv li, ib qho chaw me me feem ntau yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ob tus kws ntoo uas muaj kev paub dhau los rau ob txoj haujlwm puv sijhawm.

Thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov xav tias koj tsis suav nrog kev npaj ua haujlwm, kev teeb tsa, kev teeb tsa, thaiv kev txiav, thiab kev sib dhos. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias cov kws ntoo uas muaj cov txuj ci tsim nyog los tsim lub qab nthab no tsis kam lossis them tus nqi tsis txaus ntseeg uas nws ua tsis tau zoo los ua cov qauv zoo li no.

cross vaults
cross vaults

xyoo pua 20th civil engineers tau kawm txog lub zog ntawm kev ntxhov siab zoo li qub hauv kev tsim ntawm lub puab tsaig vault thiab lees paub qhov kev pom ntawm Loos hauv kev tsim qauv uas ua tiav ntau lub hom phiaj: siv cov khoom siv tsawg,ntau yam kev tsim kho, muaj peev xwm ua tiav sab teeb pom kev zoo thiab tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov qauv. Cov qauv tsim niaj hnub tshaj plaws yog qhov chaw tsheb ciav hlau loj tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe, Hauptbahnhof hauv Berlin, uas muaj lub tsev nkag nrog lub iav mesh vault.

Pom zoo: