Hauv kev tsim kho, cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsim lub ru tsev. Nws suav nrog cov neeg kho tshuab siab ntawm cov daus hauv lub caij ntuj no, cov cua tseem ceeb thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm nag lossis daus. Tias yog vim li cas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim lub ru tsev yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib thiab ua tiav ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm nrog qhov tseeb thiab raug.
Qhov txawv
Kev tsim kho lub ru tsev, zoo ib yam li lwm yam haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub tsev, muab faib ua ntau theem. Cov cuab yeej ntawm dai rafters yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias truss systems tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv thev naus laus zis.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev dai version yog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov qauv ntawm Mauerlat ntawm ib leeg thiab los ntawm hauv qab lossis ntawm cov ntsiab lus sab sauv. Ntawd yog, lawv nyob tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntsug, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum tsim cov txheej txheem txheej.
Nws raug nquahu kom siv qhov kev xaiv no thaum tsis muaj cov neeg nqa khoomsab hauv phab ntsa hauv ib lub tsev. Nws kuj tseem siv tau, yog tias tsim nyog, siv qhov chaw hauv qab nthab. Ib qho piv txwv yog kev tsim lub ru tsev mansard.
Tus tsim ntawm dai rafters hloov pauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawg mus rau cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev - qhov no yog qhov tsis muaj nqi ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntsug hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev npaj ntawm xws li ib tug rafter system tsis tiav yog tsis muaj lub thiaj li hu ua screed. Nws yog ib qho chaw kab rov tav uas rub cov rafter ob txhais ceg, vim tias cov phab ntsa yuav raug cuam tshuam tsawg dua. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm installation ntawm screed, efficiency ntawm daim ntawv thov nce.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Lub kaw lus kaw lus, ua nrog kev teeb tsa dai, muaj ntau yam haujlwm zoo. Kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo yuav muab lub zog txaus rau lub ru tsev thiab txo cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm nws. Muab piv rau cov txheej txheem txheej txheej, nws yog qhov sib dua ntawm qhov hnyav, uas txo qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm cov qauv phab ntsa thiab, raws li, ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev.
Siv qhov tsawg dua, cov khoom siv tsawg yog xav tau los tsim ib lub rafter.
Txheej thiab dai rafters
Yog lub tsev muaj phab ntsa loj, thaum tsim lub ru tsev, txheej txheej feem ntau yog siv los ua cov qauv txhawb nqa. Nws muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb, uas yog lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv, uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm sab hauv lossis sab hauv.bearing phab ntsa. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog bending load hloov pauv. Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev tsim no, nws tsim nyog sau cia nws qhov hnyav hnyav thiab yuav tsum tau siv me me ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho.
Rau qee qhov xwm txheej, piv txwv li, thaum npaj ib lub ru tsev hla ob peb ntu, yuav tsum siv tib lub sijhawm ntawm ob txheej txheej thiab dai. Rafters, nodes ntawm ib txheej txheej txheej nyob rau hauv no embodiment yog siv nyob rau hauv uas ib feem ntawm lub tsev uas muaj kev txhawb nqa sab hauv, feem, qhov twg lawv tsis, lwm qhov system yog teem.
theem kev tsim kho
Tom qab txiav txim siab hom rafters, koj tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm kev tsim kho nws tus kheej. Pib nrog, ib daim duab schematic yog ua. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tam sim ntawd hais tias nws yog advisable mus tso siab rau nws rau cov tub txawg, vim hais tias nws yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb kev paub thiab kev paub nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Kev suav ntawm cov layman qib yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm txaus ntshai, vim tias kev tsim ua yuam kev tuaj yeem ua tau, tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub ru tsev lossis kev puas tsuaj.
Tom qab tsim cov duab kos, cov haujlwm ntxiv pib, uas yog, kev teeb tsa ntawm Mauerlat. Ib tug ntoo beam nrog ib feem ntawm 20x20 cm yog siv rau qhov no, nws yog muab tso rau nyob rau hauv lub perimeter ntawm phab ntsa thiab ntxiv dag zog rau. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseeb tias Mauerlat yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm dampness, yog li cov khoom tshwj xeeb yog mounted hauv qab nws, piv txwv li, cov khoom siv vov tsev.
Thaum siv cov blocks lossis cib los tsimphab ntsa, ib qho kev ua vaj tse nyob ib puag ncig lawv ib puag ncig, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd Mauerlat tuaj yeem ntsia tau.
Raws li cov khoom siv rau cov rafter ob txhais ceg, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov nqaj ntoo nrog ib feem ntawm 20x5 cm.
Dai rafters tuaj yeem ntsia tau siv lub nqaj nqaj, uas muab cov qauv ntxiv rigidity. Thaum teeb tsa lub ru tsev tsis muaj nws, kev sib txuas ntawm cov rafters nyob rau sab sauv yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb, thiab tsis yog sib tshooj.
Nws muaj ob txoj kev xaiv mounting: ua ntej nruab ob sab ntawm ob txhais ceg siv lub nqaj nqaj, tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv, lossis hauv kev txiav txim. Thawj qhov kev xaiv yog qhov zoo dua, vim nws tuaj yeem txuag lub sijhawm, nrog rau kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov uas tiv taus ntau hom kev thauj khoom.
Cov khoom siv tib yam yog siv rau kev tsim cov puffs xws li cov ceg rafter. Lub puff yog mounted nyob rau hauv ib tug kab rov tav txoj hauj lwm. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, qhov qis dua nws qhov chaw, qhov zoo dua nws cov yam ntxwv ua. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov xwm txheej no, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw hauv qab yog npaj. Nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj ib tug ntoo ntawm ib tug haum loj, overlapped trimmings yuav siv tau los ua ib tug puff.
dai rafters: kev tsim kho thiab pob
Thaum txhim kho lub kaw lus dai, txoj kev tseem ceebkev sib txuas ntawm node. Ntxiv nrog rau kev kho nrog cov ntsia hlau lossis cov ntsia hlau, yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov txiv ntseej thiab bolts, rau lub qhov no yog drilled hauv qee qhov chaw.
Technological txiav yog yuav tsum tau. Rau txhua qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm truss system, tsawg kawg yog ob lub fasteners yuav tsum tau ua. Ib qho piv txwv yog fastening ntawm ib lub puff nrog ob tug self-tapping screws los yog rau tes, ua raws li ib tug threaded pas nrig.
cornice ntsiab
Thaum lub teeb tsa rafter tau teeb tsa, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov qhov tsim ntawm cornice overhangs. Nws yog ntshaw tias thaum xub thawj lawv qhov ntev yuav suav nrog qhov ntev ntawm cov ceg rafter, tab sis tus nqi ntawm cov qauv nce vim qhov no. Rau kev siv nyiaj ntau dua ntawm cov overhangs, ib lub rooj tsavxwm edged yog siv, qhov tsis yog 10x5 cm. "Cov Hluav Taws Xob" yog tsim los ntawm nws, lawv qhov ntev yuav tsum raug xaiv kom qhov sib tshooj ntawm cov ceg rafter nyob rau sab sauv yog tsawg kawg. 50 cm. Cov khoom yog tsau siv threaded qhov chaw.
Nyob rau hauv Mauerlat, kev txiav ntawm qhov xav tau loj yog tsim rau kev sib txuas nruj dua. Txhawm rau kom muaj zog txhua yam nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, "filly" kuj tau kho nrog ib qho kev txhawb nqa me me, uas yog tsau rau ntawm sab ntawm lub overhang thiab nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm Mauerlat.
Kev sib txuas ntawm cov rafters yog nqa tawm nrog kev sib tshooj thiab pob tw. Nyob rau hauv thawj version, cov rafters hanging yog tsau rau ib leeg siv ib tug bolted kev twb kev txuas. Hauv qhov thib ob, quab yuam yog siv rau cov nodes nrog overlays, hauvuas yog hlau daim hlau los yog boards.
Cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov rafters thiab puffs yog ua los ntawm lub hauv ntej orthogonal txiav uas muaj ib tug los yog ob tug hniav, nrog rau cov phaj los yog boards.
Hinged triangular arch
No version of truss truss is the simplest. Lub koov yog ua los ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus: kab rov tav kab (puff), uas ruaj ntseg cov hlua khi hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev ncua lossis ntawm lub hauv paus, nrog rau ob txhais ceg inclined rafter, ua ke ntawm qhov taw tes saum toj. Lub puff, tsim los ntawm steel rods los yog ib tug ntoo beam, yuav siv sij hawm tshaj lub zog txhawb, yog li tsuas yog ib tug ntsug load yog kis mus rau sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Vim li no, nws yooj yim dua los pab txhawb lub truss ntawm phab ntsa qauv: es tsis txhob ntawm Mauerlat, ib lub rooj tsav xwm niaj hnub yog mounted rau nws, uas yog siv los faib cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm.
Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov rafters, ib lub puff yog muab tso rau yog tias tsim nyog los tsim ib lub tsev hauv tsev. Nws yog siv los txhawb cov plag tsev nruab nrab. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, qhov nruj yog mounted ntawm qib siab dua. Qhov no ua rau kom muaj zog tensile uas poob rau ntawm nws, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, khoov quab yuam txo qis hauv qhov ntev ntawm cov rafters.
Articulated arch nrog crossbar
Qhov truss no pom tau zoo li lub ru tsev gable nrog dai rafters, piav qhia saum toj no, hauv daim duab peb sab. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa phab ntsa siv. Nyob rau hauv lub crossbar arch, lub hauv paus ntawm lub rafter ob txhais ceg yog tsau nyob rau hauv lub grooves,uas muaj nyob rau hauv Mauerlat. Nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa, ntxiv nrog rau ntsug quab yuam, kuj muaj spacers. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub span, ib tug puff yog mounted (nyob rau hauv no txoj kev nws yog hu ua crossbar) thiab siv rau compression. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov txuas ntawm rafter ob txhais ceg thiab crossbar yog yooj yim.
Hinged arch with suspension
Yog tias lub ru tsev nrog dai rafters muaj qhov dav ntawm ntau tshaj 6 m, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev rau nruab peb lub ntsiab lus yooj yim. Ua ntej, los tsim ib lub puff ntawm qhov loj no, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau los nrhiav ib lub bar. Qhov thib ob, vim qhov hnyav hnyav, qhov ntev puff sags nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, raws li ib tug ntxiv rau lub koov, ib tug ncua kev kawm ntawv yog siv - qhov no yog ib feem uas combines qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub nruj thiab sab sauv ib feem ntawm lub koov. Cov khoom nruj yog tsim los ntawm ob qhov chaw, siv qhov sib txuas bolted. Ib tug ntoo pendant feem ntau hu ua headstock, thiab ib tug hlau hu ua strand.
Kwv txhiaj nrog struts
txhawm rau txo qhov deflection hauv cov rafters, struts ntxiv rau lub koov nrog kev ncua, uas yog cov ntsiab lus inclined los txhawb cov ceg rafter nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub span. Tib lub sijhawm, kev ncua yog siv los nres cov struts lawv tus kheej.
Zoo kawg
Nyob rau hauv xaus ntawm cov saum toj no, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias vim muaj peev xwm ua tiav ntawm kev suav thiab tag nrho cov nyiaj ua hauj lwm, dai rafters nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm cov khoom yuav tsis inferior rau cov txheej txheem. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab lub zog siab, kev siv cov qauv tsim no yuav tsim ib qho chaw qab nthab uas haum rau siv hauvlag luam lossis lwm lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev npaj ib lub ru tsev mansard, xws li truss system yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo tagnrho.
