Nyob rau thaj chaw deb nroog lossis sab nraum nroog, cov neeg uas muaj tsev ntiav siv lub qhov cub cua sov. Yav dhau los, cov neeg tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb - qhov hluav taws xob cheb tsev - tau koom nrog kev tu cov qauv no. Txawm li cas los xij, tus txiv neej niaj hnub siv zog ua txhua yam ntawm nws tus kheej, yog li nws xav paub yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub chimney hauv qhov cub ntawm ib lub tsev ntiag tug. Kab lus no yuav pab koj nkag siab tias qhov no yuav ua li cas.
Ua haujlwm raws li lub chimney cheb
Qhov kev thov rau txoj haujlwm no hauv Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab tau raug lees paub los ntawm qhov nce ntawm cov hluav taws kub hauv nroog. Cov tub ceev xwm tau xav txog qhov ua rau thiab pom qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub chimney thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas tuaj yeem muab kev pabcuam zoo rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob.
thawj guilds ntawm chimney sweeps tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv German lub hauv paus tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th thiab 18th, thiab tom qab ntawd txoj haujlwm no tau nthuav dav thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe. Cov neeg no paub li casntxuav lub chimney nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub ntawm ib tug private tsev. Qhov no ua rau lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab xav tau.
Nyob qhov twg nrhiav chimney cheb
Nyob hauv lub neej niaj hnub no, txoj haujlwm no yuav luag tsis nco qab, txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov chaw muag khoom thiab kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov boiler, koj tuaj yeem muab kev pabcuam rau kev kho dua tshiab, kho thiab tu lub chimney.
Yog koj nrhiav tsis tau ib lub tuam txhab uas muab cov kev pab no, ces koj yuav tau kawm yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub chimney nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub ntawm ib tug private tsev koj tus kheej.
Yuav qhia li cas yog tias koj lub qhov cub txhaws
Cov cim tseem ceeb uas nws yog lub sijhawm los ntxuav lub chimney yog:
- Draft txo. Koj tuaj yeem qhib lub rooj vag. Yog tias tom qab ntawd qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo dua, ces koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub chimney yeeb nkab.
- Nplaim fading hauv qhov cub.
- Nws nyuaj rau pib hluav taws. Yog hais tias txawm siv cov ntoo qhuav, cov nplaim taws tuaj nrog nyuaj, ces qhov ua rau yog nyob rau hauv lub chimney.
- Yuav tau nplaim txiv kab ntxwv hue.
- Corrosive pa luam yeeb hauv chav. Hauv qhov no, carbon monoxide, aka carbon monoxide, nkag mus rau hauv tsev. Qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, yog li koj yuav tsum tau ceev cua tshuab hauv chav thiab kho cov teeb meem hauv qhov cub.
Yog tias koj saib tsawg kawg ib qho ntawm cov cim saum toj no, ces koj yuav tsum xav txog yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub chimney hauv qhov cub ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug. Tom qab tag nrho, lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj tsev neeg yuav nyob ntawm nws.
Kev ntxuav zaus
Ua ntej koj paub yuav ua li cas ntxuav cov kua txob ntawm lub chimney, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb koj yuav tsum ua li cas. Ntxuav lub chimney thawj zaugNws yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv 1, 5-2 xyoo txij li thaum pib ntawm kev siv lub cub tawg. Lub chimney yeeb nkab yog ntxuav los ntawm soot. Nws txheej yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 2 hli.
Tom qab thawj zaug ntxuav, nws raug nquahu kom tu lub chimney 1-2 zaug hauv ib lub caij. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lossis caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom nqa tawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm clogging. Tom qab ntawd cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub chimney hauv tsev yuav tshwm sim ua ntej koj tsis pub ntau tshaj ib zaug txhua ob xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm yuav nyob ntawm tsis yog ntawm kev tiv thaiv nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm hom roj.
Vim li cas ntxuav koj lub chimney
Thaum siv lub qhov cub, cov kua qaub tso rau hauv lub qhov cub hluav taws xob los ntawm txheej. Qhov no ua rau kom txoj kev nqaim. Vim li no, traction ua phem. Kev siv hluav taws kub hauv qhov no yuav ntau dua, uas yog qhov phem heev rau tsev neeg cov peev nyiaj. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom kawm yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub chimney hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug.
Txo traction kuj ua rau condensation, uas ua rau kom cov kua qaub sai dua. Nws yog ib qho muaj zog thermal insulator. Vim nws, lub cub tawg channel warms li tsawg. Yog tias muaj quav ntau, koj yuav tsum siv roj ntau kom hnov tsw thiab cua sov los ntawm qhov cub.
Cov khoom uas tsis tau hlawv tsis tu ncua nkag mus rau hauv qhov chimney. Cov cua kub, nce los ntawm lub chimney, ua rau ignition ntawm cov tib yam hais. Txij li thaum lawv hlawv nyob rau hauv lub chimney, qhov no entails lub thinning ntawm nws cov phab ntsa thiab ib tug nce nyob rau hauv qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws tsis tswj. Ntau qhov hluav taws kub hauv cov neeg nyob deb nroog yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tu lub chimney tsis raug.
Nyobfrosts yuam kom cov neeg siv taws ntau dua. Qhov no nce qhov kub thiab txias hauv qhov cub thiab chimney. Yog hais tias tom kawg yog txhaws, ces thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm sparks ya tawm ntawm nws, uas yuav ua rau hluav taws ntawm outbuildings.
Yog hais tias lub chimney tsis tau ntxuav tau ntev heev, rov qab yuav tshwm sim. Ib feem ntawm cov pa taws thiab cov hluav taws tib yam tuaj yeem nkag mus hauv chav. Hauv qhov no, muaj ob txoj hauv kev rau kev txhim kho qhov xwm txheej: hluav taws kub hauv chav lossis lom los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxuav lub chimney
Vim li cas koj yuav tsum ua cov txheej txheem ntxuav, peb pom nws. Tam sim no xav txog yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub chimney hauv qhov cub. Feem ntau tag nrho cov txheej txheem muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshem tawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov khib nyiab los ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Nws tshwm sim tias thaum tu cov ceg me me, cov nplooj qhuav coj los ntawm cua los ntawm cov ntoo, txawm tias cov zes noog raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chimney.
Ua ke nrog kev tu lub chimney, lawv xyuas tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub qhov cub. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub firebox thiab hmoov tshauv yog ntxuav kawg.
Yog tias koj ntxuav lub qhov cub thiab tag nrho nws cov khoom hauv lub sijhawm, ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yuav pab txuag tau nyiaj ntau thiab tiv thaiv kev xav tau kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev rau chav tsev cua sov.
Biological method
Yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub chimney nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes? Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv improvised: taws, ntsev, qos yaj ywm peelings, walnut plhaub, naphthalene, xiav sib tov. Qhov no yuav txuag koj cov nyiaj, tab sis nws tsis lavtau zoo. Kev siv cov nyiaj no muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dua. Cov khoom lag luam uas tau teev tseg saum toj no tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev sib sau ntawm txheej tuab ntawm cov quav thiab soot.
Txhawm rau ntxuav lub chimney yooj yim, koj xav tau ib nrab lub thoob ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav kom qhuav. Peb muab pov rau ntawm tshav kub, lawv tam sim ntawd hlawv tawm thiab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem lawv tso ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm starch. Qhov no yog precisely lub essence ntawm txoj kev no. Starch muaj cov nyhuv softening. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kev tu txhua yam.
Txoj kev kho tom ntej yog pob zeb ntsev. Nws yog sprinkled nrog hluav taws nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub firebox. Cov vapors tso tawm thaum nws combustion tiv thaiv kev tsim cov deposits ntawm phab ntsa.
Kev ntxuav cov ntoo yuav tsum siv qee yam ntoo. Haum aspen los yog birch (peeled los ntawm tawv). Nws yog txaus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub cub tawg, thaum lub combustion kub ntau dua, pov taws rau hauv lub qhov cub. Vapors exfoliate soot los ntawm phab ntsa. Nws hlawv tawm thaum tshav kub kub heev. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog ua kom lub txim tsis nkag mus rau hauv chav.
Aspen firewood tuaj yeem hloov nrog walnut plhaub. Lub ntsiab ntawm lawv qhov kev ua yog tib yam. Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv ntau tshaj 2 kg ntawm plhaub ib zaug.
Naphthalene kuj txhawb nqa flaking thiab soot tso tawm. Tab sis txoj kev no tsis tshua muaj siv, txij li qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm naphthalene yog qhov nyuaj heev rau zam. Tom qab txoj kev no, tag nrho lub tsev yuav tsum tau kom huv si ventilated. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab siv cov tshuaj no, pov ib lub ntsiav tshuaj rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub.
Cov xim xiav yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej. Peb sib tov tooj liab sulfate, s altpeter thiab thee (coke) nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 5: 7: 2. Npaj mix nyob rau hauvtus nqi ntawm 20 g yog poured rau hauv ib lub qhov cub preheated thiab lub qhov rooj kaw. Txoj kev no tsis pom zoo rau qhib foci.
Tshuaj Tshuaj
Cia peb xav txog yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub chimney los ntawm soot nrog koj tus kheej tes siv tshuaj. Muaj ntau qhov kev npaj ua tiav rau cov txheej txheem no ntawm kev ua lag luam. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lawv qhov kev ua yog tib yam. Raws li cov lus qhia, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum pov cov nyiaj ntawm cov khoom qhia ntawm lub pob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub. Cov tshuaj tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm combustion rhuav tshem cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau soot.
Lawv tsim cov tshuaj xws li ntsiav tshuaj, briquettes, tuav, daws. Feem ntau, lawv twb tau ntim rau hauv feem.
Ntawm cov tshuaj koj tuaj yeem pom cov hauv qab no:
- "Log-chimney cheb". Lub briquette muaj ammonium sulfate, carbon wax thiab phosphorus oxide. Koj xav tau 2 lub log rau ib lub caij.
- "Kominichek" (5 pcs ntawm 15g txhua). Cov khoom muaj tooj liab chloride. Siv tsuas yog hais tias cov hmoov av txheej yog txog li 2 hli. Nrog rau cov pa phem hnyav, "Kominichek" tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Nws hloov cov hmoov av rau hauv oxide, uas kub hnyiab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
- "PCC" (tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg). Hlawv ntoo. 150-200 grams hmoov yuav tsum tau ib tuj roj.
Muaj ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj tua kab. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj rau koj ib txwm.
Mechanical tu
Koj tuaj yeem ntxuav lub chimney los ntawm cov hmoov av hauv tsevtxoj kev. Nws feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg. Soot yog softened nrog cov kev npaj tau piav saum toj no ua ntej txhua yam tu.
Tom ntej, peb xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb:
- Tshwj xeeb ruff (nws yuav tsum yog me ntsis loj dua li txoj kab uas hla ntawm koj cov yeeb nkab hlau).
- Cable los yog hlua nrog kov.
- txhuam txhuam nrog ntev kov.
- Hlau hnyav (nws yuav tsum yog ib nrab ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov yeeb nkab). Nws yuav tsum tau txuas nrog txhuam hauv qhov chaw.
- Scraper nrog hlau kov.
Kev ntxuav yog nqa tawm ob sab ntawm cov yeeb nkab (los ntawm lub ru tsev), thiab los ntawm sab ntawm qhov cub lossis qhov cub qhib (los ntawm lub tsev). Nco ntsoov ua raws li kev ceev faj:
- Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv khau nrog cov khau tsis khaus, thiab tiv thaiv koj txhais tes nrog hnab looj tes.
- Tiv thaiv koj cov kab mob ua pa nrog lub tshuab ua pa, vim tias thaum lub sijhawm ntxuav, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws.
- huab cua yuav tsum qhuav thiab ntsiag to.
- Ua ntej ntxuav, tsis txhob haus cawv lossis tshuaj uas txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Koj yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum lub qhov cub txias tag, tso lub qhov cub los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab cov hmoov tshauv. Kaw txhua lub qhov rooj kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv chav tsev thaum ntxuav. Lub firebox tsis muaj lub qhov rooj yuav tsum tau curtained nrog ib tug tuab, ntub ntaub. Nws yuav tsis cia cov khauj khaum hauv tsev, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum muab pov tseg. Cov dampers yuav tsum tau qhib kom lawv tsis txhob txhaws.
Thaum pib tshem lub taub hau ntawm cov yeeb nkab, tshuaj xyuas nws thiab pib ntxuav. Pib ua haujlwmhnyav rau txoj hlua. Txoj kev no koj yuav tshem tawm cov blockages loj thiab xyuas seb koj puas tuaj yeem tshem lub chimney. Yog hais tias cov yeeb nkab yog hnyav heev, ces pib siv lub scraper nrog ib tug ntev kov, ces ib tug hlau txhuam nrog ib tug load. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov khoom xaiv raws li cov load yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab tsis puas.
Tom qab ntxuav lub qhov cub sab saum toj, mus rau hauv qab. Siv ib lub ruff nrog ib tug saj zawg zog kov uas yuav loj hlob yog tias tsim nyog. Lub firebox yog ntxuav ntawm soot kawg. Cov khib nyiab yog sau nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev tshwj xeeb lossis txhuam.
Ntxhais lub pa taws chimney
Cov ntsiab lus hais tias nws yog lub sijhawm los ua cov txheej txheem kuj yog qhov ua kom tsis zoo ntawm kev sib tw thiab txo qis hauv qhov zoo ntawm chav cua sov. Yog tias koj hnov lub suab nrov ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob, ces nws yog lub sijhawm los kawm yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub chimney ntawm lub boiler roj. Kev ceev faj raws sijhawm yuav pab ua kom koj lub tsev muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Tib txhuam yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov tshuab nqus tsev tshwj xeeb. Nws raug tso cai siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb los ua kom mos thiab tshem tawm cov quav thiab tso nyiaj.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias feem ntau lees txais kev tiv thaiv tsis tau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm geyser, yog li yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov yeeb nkab ntawm thawj kos npe ntawm clogging.
Technological elements
Txawm tias koj paub yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub chimney yeeb nkab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug, koj tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev saib xyuas cov cua sov no. Hauv kev tsim kho cov chimneys niaj hnub, cov kav dej xaum thiab cov hlau yog siv. Lawv tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv ib qho twgkev taw qhia kom pab ntau lub qhov cub tib lub sijhawm. Qhov kev npaj ntawm cov kav dej no ua rau kev tu lawv nyuaj dua vim muaj ntau lub ces kaum.
Hauv cov qauv zoo li no, tees yog siv los txuas cov kav dej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib sab raug kaw nrog lub hau uas lub qhov cub tuaj yeem ntxuav tau.
Nyob hauv qhov cub cib, cov kaus mom tshwj xeeb tau tso rau hauv cov txheej txheem npaj. Yog hais tias lub chimney ntev heev, piv txwv li, mus rau qhov siab ntawm ib tug peb-storey tsev, ces tej zaum yuav muaj ob peb lub hatches.
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub chimney ntawm soot kom tsis txhob txhaws? Muaj kev tiv thaiv rau qhov no:
- Rau qhov cub, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov cav ntoo deciduous, thiab thaum kawg pov aspen cav. Roj los ntawm cov ntoo coniferous tawm ntau tar rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub chimney.
- Huab taws yuav tsum qhuav, txwv tsis pub yuav muaj hmoov av ntau.
- Cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tiv thaiv los ntawm lub hau. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov khib nyiab, dej nag thiab nplooj tsis nkag mus rau hauv.
- Yuav txo qhov tsim ntawm condensate, cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau insulated.
- Tsis txhob hlawv cov khib nyiab hauv qhov cub. Lub raj mis yas, hnab yas thiab cov khoom siv roj hmab tsis hlawv tag nrho, tab sis tsuas yog yaj, tshuav ntawm phab ntsa thiab ua rau nws nyuaj rau ntxuav lub chimney.
- Tsis txhob teeb taws nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Lub qhov cub yuav tsum tau ntxuav tas li thiab saib xyuas cov khoom tso rau ntawm nws phab ntsa.
Cov lus qhia yooj yim no yuav pab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov cub thiab qhov cub.
