Signal level indicators are used to visually assess the change parameter of intermediate point in the device circuit. Raws li lawv cov lus tim khawv, ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib tus neeg ua haujlwm modules. Kev siv cov cim qhia hauv lub suab nrov amplifiers tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa theem txaus rau kev mloog zoo rau cov suab paj nruag, thaum tiv thaiv lub amplifier los ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm dhau nws qhov kev tso cai.
hom kev ntsuas tseem ceeb
Cov ntsuas ntsuas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv suab nrov. Lawv tso cai rau koj kom tau txais qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pom ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov suab nrov. Txhawm rau saib xyuas theem teeb liab, ob lub ntsuas ntsuas thiab cov cuab yeej ua hauv daim ntawv ntawm LED kab yog siv, hloov lawv cov duab geometric qhov ntev raws li lub suab teeb liab nce lossis poob hauv qhov ntau zaus xaiv. Nws yog qhov ua tau kom paub qhov txawv ntawm hom tseem ceebindicators:
- Scale, uas yog cov cuab yeej sib txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj, uas siv lub pointer microammeters los ntsuas lub zog ntawm lub suab teeb liab.
- Peak (LED) cov cim qhia theem, uas tuaj yeem siv ob lub ntsiab lus thiab LED strips.
- Peak fluorescent.
Cov tshuab niaj hnub rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv suab siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas cuam tshuam txog ntau qhov tsim nyog. Lawv cov tswv yim siv ib lossis lwm yam ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb uas teev saum toj no.
Simple scales
Cov ntsuas ntawm hom no muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob microammeter nrog rau tag nrho deflection tam sim no ntawm rab koob mus txog 500 μA. Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm thaum muaj hluav taws xob ncaj qha ntws los ntawm winding ntawm nws lub kauj. Yog li ntawd, lub sij hawm sib txawv ntawm lub suab tso zis yuav tsum tau hloov ua ntej nrog lub diode circuit.
Los ntawm kev hloov pauv tus nqi ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov resistor uas txwv qhov tam sim no ntws los ntawm microammeter, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav tag nrho deflection ntawm rab koob rau qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub suab teeb liab. Qhov ntsuas tau kawm tiav raws li feem pua ntawm qib siab tshaj plaws lossis hauv decibels (dB) ntawm nws qhov attenuation.
Ncua ntawm bipolar transistors
Microammeters hauv circuits ntawm cov khoom siv no suav nrog hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov theem tso tawm ntawm transistor tam sim no amplifiers, ua raws li cov emitter (CE) circuit. Tus naj npawb ntawm amplification theem yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus theem ntawm qhov twguas qhov ntsuas ntawm lub dial qhia ntawm lub suab teeb liab theem yuav tsum teb. Qhov loj ntawm tag nrho deflection tam sim no ntawm tus pointer tuaj yeem teeb tsa los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm AC voltage divider muab rau cov tswv yim ntawm tus taw tes taw qhia Circuit Court rau kev nthuav dav ntxiv.
Nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov circuits muaj rectifiers rau ib tug tas li hloov lub teeb liab ntawm lub suab amplifier rau ncaj qha tam sim no los tsim ib tug ntau xis kev pom kev tswj ntawm lub ntim ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau mloog. Qhov ntsuas tau ua nrog digitization ntawm feem pua ntawm cov teeb liab tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau nws cov nqi siab tshaj plaws. Rau tus nqi ntawm tus nqi siab tshaj plaws, qhov ntim qib yog xaiv, cov coefficient ntawm non-linear distortion uas tsis tshaj tus nqi tso cai thiab txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv zoo thoob ntiaj teb.
Ncua ntawm kev ua haujlwm amplifiers
Kev ua haujlwm amplifiers (op amps) nrog siab input impedance qhia me me distortion rau hauv kev ntsuas Circuit Court. Amplifier teeb liab theem ntsuas tso cai rau koj pom kev tswj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov yooj yim meters thiab circuits nrog OE.
Op-amps yog siv los ua qhov voltage / tam sim no converters lossis emitter followers. Lub taub hau electromechanical ntawm microammeter muaj qhov ntsuas uas qhia txog (raws li nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej dhau los) lub attenuation nyob rau hauv decibels ntawm theem ntawm cov teeb liab ntsuas txheeb ze rau nws tus nqi siab tshaj.
Peak indicators
LED ntsuas ntawm qhov nohom tau ua raws li qhov sib piv ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm cov teeb liab input. Lub voltage ntawm lawv cov outputs tshwm nyob rau lub caij thaum lub input teeb liab tshaj ib tug tej yam nqi ntawm lub input teeb liab tus nqi, pre-set los ntawm lub Circuit Court ntsiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov voltage theem uas tshwm sim ntawm qhov tso zis ntawm qhov sib piv yog txaus los teeb lub LED ntawm cov kab qhia.
Cov khoom siv ntau dua qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntsuas hluav taws xob muaj, qhov qis dua dhia ntawm LED bar ntawm qhov ntsuas yuav pom tau, qhov ntau dua qhov pom ntawm daim duab yuav yog.
ntsuas siv cov ntsiab lus xav tau
Cov khoom siv no yog siv rau hauv circuits uas LED lossis LED signaling ntaus ntawv yog siv los ua lub ntsiab lus qhia tias cov teeb liab tawm tswv yim tau mus txog qib txaus los ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus. Nws yuav ci ntsa iab ntev npaum li qhov voltage theem ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm Circuit Court yog txaus rau lub xeev qhib ntawm lub logic Circuit Court thiab, raws li, qhov ntws ntawm tam sim no los ntawm LED thiab rau nws mus glow.
Lub Schmidt (Schmitt) ua rau cov cuab yeej siv nyob rau hauv cov circuits ntawm LED teeb liab theem ntsuas - kom lawv lub xeev ruaj khov. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug ntawm lawv, muaj ib tug zoo voltage ntawm lub hwj chim qhov chaw ntawm cov zis ntawm lub hwj chim. Lwm qhov xwm txheej sib raug rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws lub xeev kaw thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj qhov zoo voltage ntawm cov zis. Yog li tus txhais tuaj yeem ua haujlwmqhov taw qhia ntawm theem teeb liab tam sim no ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub voj voog.
Lub load ntawm lub logic Circuit Court yog ib tug bipolar transistor n-p-n conductivity, txuas raws li lub amplifier circuit nrog ib tug ntau emitter (CE). Ib qho LED suav nrog hauv nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas qhia txog qhov dhau ntawm cov teeb liab tawm tswv yim, teeb tsa los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv tau txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm cov teeb liab suab kom tswj tau. 2 lossis 3 microcircuits, muaj 4 lub ntsiab lus hauv ib pob, tso cai rau koj los tsim qhov taw qhia nrog koj tus kheej tes, uas tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv kev nyeem ntawv.
ntsuas qib ntawm cov microcircuits tshwj xeeb
Lub LM 3915 kev sib xyaw ua ke yog tsim los ntawm Texas Instruments. Nws tau dhau los ua thoob plaws hauv kev tsim cov teeb liab theem ntsuas rau lub amplifier. Nws tswj 10 qib ntawm kev hloov lub suab teeb liab raws li kev sib piv ua ke. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws ua rau cov khoom tso tawm LED teeb pom kev raws li txoj cai logarithmic. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los kho qhov kev nkag siab ntawm cov zis theem ntawm lub amplifier raws li cov cuab yeej ntawm tib neeg pob ntseg.
qib qis feem ntau tsis hnov. Txoj cai logarithmic ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav txoj kev xaav ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov suab paj nruag tau mloog thaum nws siv zog hloov ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev siv ob lub chips, nws dhau los ua tau los tsim LM3915 teeb liab theem ntsuas rau lub tso suab suab tshuab.
fluorescent
Cov ntsuas no tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv suab zoo. Lawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm npaj txhij-ua panels, uas muaj xws li ib tug txheej ntawm tshwj xeeb circuits tswj los ntawm microcontrollers. Lawv cov nplai qhia txog kev hloov pauv hauv ntau qhov ntsuas. Feem ntau lawv yog cov cim qhia ntawm bandpass equalizers, uas tso cai rau koj los kho qhov amplitude-frequency teb ntawm lub suab amplifiers thoob plaws ntau yam.
Nrog rau qib txaus ntawm kev paub hauv kev tsim cov qauv xov tooj cua amateur, xws li ua-nws-koj tus kheej cov cim qhia theem tuaj yeem tsim nws tus kheej. Nco ntsoov tias circuits siv lub teeb fluorescent stylish feem ntau xav tau ntau lub zog siv.
Zoo kawg
Cov khoom uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus yuav pab tus nyeem ntawv kom paub cov cuab yeej thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau hom kev ntsuas qib. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias ntau ntawm lawv tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov khoom siv tsim kho. Cov cuab yeej hloov pauv tseem siv dav hauv cov cuab yeej siv suab nrov niaj hnub no.
