Ob peb xyoos dhau los, xyoo 2016, tsoomfwv Lavxias tau faib cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob ua cov khoom lag luam zoo, nrog rau cov koob yees duab digital, tub yees thiab saib. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias thaum yuav, cov neeg siv khoom, tau pom qhov tsis xws luag, tuaj yeem thov tsis tsuas yog hloov pauv, tab sis kuj tseem tsis lees paub qhov kev yuav khoom nrog cov nyiaj rov qab. Kaum tsib hnub tau muab rau qhov no (qee zaum, ntau dua). Cia peb xav txog yam cuab yeej peb hais txog.
Lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob yog dab tsi?
Electrified mechanism yog ib chav tsev uas tuaj yeem nqa tau dawb, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm hluav taws xob, kev co thiab suab nrov. Nws cov khoom yog:
- cev;
- hluav taws xob tsav tsev nyob hauv rooj plaub;
- lub cev ua haujlwm;
- kis tau tus mob mechanism;
- pib thiab kho khoom siv.
Pib thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej yog muab los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xoblos ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis roj teeb.
Kev faib tawm los ntawm qib txaus ntshai
Txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob phau ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej tau muab faib ua peb chav kawm nyob ntawm qib kev tiv thaiv tus neeg los ntawm hluav taws xob:
- I - ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob (qhov hluav taws xob uas txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm lub network thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob) yog siab tshaj plaub caug-ob volts. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib feem ntawm cov hlau (lossis ntau dua), uas muaj zog thiab nkag mus rau kov, raug kaw nrog ib qho kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev xwb.
- II - tib lub nominal voltage. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov hlau uas muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai tau npog nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv.
- III - voltage qis dua plaub caug-ob volts, tsis txaus ntshai rau tib neeg.
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob ntawm hom niaj hnub no kuj tau lees paub los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj cov hlau sab nraud, cov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev tiav, rooj plaub yog yas. Tsuas yog lub cev ua haujlwm tsuas yog hlau.
Modern labeling
Muaj lwm yam kev nyab xeeb kev faib tawm. Feem ntau tsib-chav kawm, hauv qab no. Yog vim li cas rau nws qhov chaw dav yog tias nws haum rau lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev. Chav kawm kev nyab xeeb yog qhia rau ntawm daim ntawv lo ntawm lub cuab yeej.
- Class 00 thiab Chav Kawm 01: Cov chav nyob xa mus rau lawv tau nruab nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev ua haujlwm thiab yog npaj rau siv hauv thaj chaw tsis nyob. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov chav kawm yog tias 00 tsis muaj av, thaum 01 ua. Cov cuab yeej no suav hais tias yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, yog li ntawdmaj mam hloov dua tshiab, chav kawm ib.
- Class 1 - muaj rwb thaiv tsev ua haujlwm, hauv av. Yuav siv tau rau hauv cov tsev nyob thiab hauv kev tsim khoom.
- Class 2 - ob chav insulated, tsis muaj av, siv tso cai rau hauv cov chaw tsim khoom.
- Class 3 - muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev ua haujlwm, tsis muaj av, nws tuaj yeem siv rau txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog cov uas muaj kev phom sij ntau ntxiv. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntxiv.
Cov khoom siv hauv chav kawm thib ib muaj ntau dua. Cov khoom siv ntawm chav kawm kev nyab xeeb thib peb suav hais tias yog universal.
Ceeb toom tseem ceeb: tsuas yog cov neeg laus uas tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog txog qhov no hauv daim ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Kev faib tawm los ntawm hom tsav
Raws li hom tsav (ncaj thiab thim rov qab hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob), cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg:
- Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob - muaj lub cev muaj zog. Qhov no suav nrog kev xyaum, kev npaj, cov saw hlau, thiab lwm yam.
- Compression-nqus cov cuab yeej - lub zog xa mus rau lub cev ua haujlwm los ntawm tus ntaus nruas. Cov cuab yeej nrov tshaj plaws nrog hom lub cev muaj zog yog compression-vacuum rauj, hluav taws xob rauj.
- Electromagnetic units - nrog linear reciprocating lub cev muaj zog. Tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ua raws li lub cav hauv lub neej niaj hnub, tsuas muaj cov khoom lag luam - laser, dej-txiav thiab drilling thiab milling.machines.
Kev faib tsev neeg
Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tau muab faib ua ob pawg - kws tshaj lij thiab tsev neeg. Kev tshaj lij tsim rau kev siv zog thiab siv mus ntev. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev lag luam ntsia hlau muaj cov ntaub ntawv yas muaj zog, kaw bearings, thiab steel tom qab kev kho cua sov yog siv rau cov khoom hlau. Nws tau xav tias cov ntsia hlau hauv tsev tau siv qee zaus, yog li cov qauv tsim tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa thiab kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.
Txoj kev faib tawm
Kev faib cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob rau hauv pab pawg yog ua raws li lub hom phiaj uas nws tau npaj.
| Destination | Yuav siv dab tsi |
| Txhob Cia Siab | Drill, perforator, jackhammer |
| Zoo thiab polishing | Stroborez, grinder, file, planer |
| Sawing thiab tshem tawm ntug | Saib, router, grinder |
| Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev pabcuam xwm txheej | Kub kua nplaum phom, phom phom, phom rebar khi, lub tshuab nqus tsev, plua plav collector, mortar tov khoom |
Lwm qhov kev faib ua pab pawg nyob ntawm seb hom fais fab twg siv: roj teeb lossis lub ntsiab. Yuav luag txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob portable tuaj yeem yuav hauv ob qho tib sikev xaiv. Nrog lub roj teeb, nws yuav raug hu ua lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob tes tuav, nrog txoj hlua - lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob nyob ruaj ruaj.
Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm ob pawg. Cov qauv siv roj teeb feem ntau yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab, hauv qhov chaw, hauv qhov chaw dub.
Feem ntau cov no yog cov tho, ntsia hlau thiab rauj. Tsawg dua, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau lub tshuab txiav, hluav taws xob jigsaw lossis rab phom kub kua nplaum. Lawv yog cov khoom siv lub teeb, xis nyob thiab nyab xeeb.
Lawv qhov tsis zoo tuaj yeem suav tias yog lub zog qis thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv luv, tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau them rov qab. Cov cuab yeej nyob ruaj ruaj muaj zog ntau dua, muaj qhov tseeb dua, ua haujlwm tau ntev thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Txwv tsis pub corded thiab tes qauv yog tib yam.
Kev faib tawm thermal
Qhov kub tsis kam ntawm lub cuab yeej yog qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm. Thermal resistance yog txiav txim los ntawm cov khoom ntawm winding ntawm lub electrified cuab tam (piv txwv li cov ntaub ntawv yog muab nyob rau hauv lub rooj).
| Class | Max. kub in degrees | |
| 1 Y | Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws. | Ninety |
| 2A | Insulated silk (cellulose) | ib puas tsib |
| 3 E | Org zaj duab xis los yog cob | Ib puas nees nkaum |
| 4 B | Mica | Ib puas peb caug |
| 5 F | Asbestos thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluavtaws | Ib puas tsib caug |
| 6 H | Elastomers thiab tshwj xeeb impregnated fiberglass | Ib puas yim caum |
| 7 C | Ceramic, iav, quartz nrog kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb | Ib puas yim caum |
Cov chav kawm siab dua (thib rau thiab xya), lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev dua, uas yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam.
Yog li, cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob niaj hnub no muaj kev nyab xeeb, ntau yam, siv tau yooj yim. Nws yog nyob ntawm ntau hom cav thiab tsim rau txhua hom kev tsim kho thiab kho cov haujlwm.
