Cov truss thiab under-rafter ntsiab ua raws li lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov ru tsev. Qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub ru tsev yog lub ru tsev kab teeb thiab trusses. Rafter beams yog kev txhawb nqa rau cov ntsiab lus truss. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm coatings nyob rau hauv ib-zaj dabneeg multi-span industrial vaj tse, nyob rau hauv cov tsev nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev so.
Nyob ntawm rafters thiab trusses
Kev ntseeg tau ntawm tag nrho lub ru tsev yog nyob ntawm lub zog thiab ruaj khov ntawm kev txhawb nqa truss thiab hauv qab-rafter qauv. Nws raug ntau ntawm ntau yam kev thauj khoom sab nraud.
Rafter beams yog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm ib qho khoom siv uas siv cov khoom siv sab nraud, faib nws raws nws qhov ntev. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev ntxhov siab loj tshaj plaws tshwm sim ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab teeb. Nws yog siv rau hauv cov kab hluav taws xob ru tsev.
Cov truss truss yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke uas tau sib sau los ntawm cov pas nrig sib txuas sib txuas ua ke. Loads tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nodal kev twb kev txuas ntawm rods. Xws li cov qauv siv nyob rau hauv ru tsev systems nrogru tsev trusses.
Nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov qauv truss tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
- Reinforced concrete.
- Steel.
- ntoo.
- Reinforced wood systems.
Cov pob zeb thiab cov kab hlau steel thiab cov trusses feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab vaj tse. Cov ntoo ntoo thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog yog siv rau kev teeb tsa tsis yog tsuas yog cov ru tsev, tab sis kuj tseem siv hauv kev tsim cov ru tsev hauv cov tsev nyob.
Hauv kev tsim kho, cov qauv truss npog 12-meter, 18-meter, 24-meter thiab 30-meter spans ntawm txhua kab. Nrog rau 6-meter kauj ruam ntawm cov qauv truss, lub hauv qab-rafter beam ntsiab thiab trusses ua haujlwm pab txhawb nruab nrab rau lawv.
Los ntawm hom hla ntu, cov kab teeb tau muab faib ua:
- Rectangular.
- T-shaped.
- I-beam.
- Box beams.
Hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ib tus neeg, cov qauv tsim los txhawb cov kab ke truss feem ntau tsis siv. Lawv tsuas yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho chav tsev.
Reinforced concrete truss beams
Cov khoom siv pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yog siv rau cov vov tsev nrog qhov nqes me ntsis, nrog rau cov ru tsev pitched. Lawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub reinforced pob zeb factories, qhov twg prestressing ntawm beams nrog steel reinforcement yog tam sim ntawd thov. Hom fittings siv:
- Qws nrog lub sijhawmprofile txhawb.
- Cov hlua khi ua los ntawm cov hlau muaj zog ntxiv.
- Twisted wire strands.
- Txoj hlua armature.
Daim ntawv qhia qhov txawv ntawm rafter beams nrog rau kev sib txuas thiab tsis sib xws. Lawv xam raws li lub load exerted los ntawm lub rafter beam, uas rests pointwise nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub rafter caij, thiab lub load los ntawm lub luj ntawm lub beam nws tus kheej, faib raws nws ntev. Cov khoom lag luam yog tsim los nrog lub qhov sling tsim rau kev sib dhos thiab nqa, qee zaum mounting loops yog siv los hloov.
Lawv tau nruab rau hauv nruab nrab kab ntawm cov qauv los txhawb nqa trusses thiab trusses, yog tias lawv cov kauj ruam dav yog 6 meters, thiab qhov dav ntawm nruab nrab kab yog 12 meters. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab teeb rafter yog nqa tawm ntawm txhua kab, lawv tau kho los ntawm cov khoom siv welding. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub rafter beams thiab nyob rau hauv lawv qhov kawg, tshwj xeeb cov chaw txhawb nqa yog tsim nrog embedded nplooj ntawv thiab thauj tog rau nkoj bolts rau txhim kho truss lug.
Muaj tee lossis I-beam hla ntu nrog lub txee hauv qab thiab cov duab trapezoid. Lub txee hauv qab yog ntxiv dag zog rau qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau nruab rafters.
Qhov ntev ntawm cov kab teeb rafter feem ntau yog 12 meters, qee zaum 18 meters lossis 24 meters yog siv. Qhov siab hauv qhov chaw yog 1.5 meters, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev txhawb nqa - 0.6 meters. Qhov dav ntawm lub txee qis yog 0.7 meters. Yuav tsum muaj qee qhov I-beam qhov ntev. GOST 19425-74.
Reinforced concrete truss
Reinforced concrete roof trussessiv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm pitched ru tsev. Lawv muaj cov duab ntawm lub trapezoid, uas muaj ob txoj hlua: qhov qis dua yog hom kab rov tav thiab sab sauv yog ntawm cov qauv tawg. Tam sim no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog bezskorny trusses ua los ntawm precast pob zeb.
Rau qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm fastening lub truss trusses, cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov truss ntsiab yog ntxiv dag zog. Racks ntawm kev txhawb nqa yog muab rau kev teeb tsa hauv pem teb slabs. Racks thiab qis siv ntawm lub truss truss yog ua nrog prestressing. Qhob qib 300-500 yog siv los tsim.
Raws li nyob rau hauv beam version, embedded hlau ntsiab yog muab nyob rau hauv lub trusses rau fastening rau txhua thiab kev txhawb nqa.
Steel purlins
Steel systems muaj qhov ntev ntawm 12 meters, 18 meters, 24 meters, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau ntev ntawm 48 meters. Structurally, lawv zoo ib yam li cov kab siv truss. Muaj ob txoj siv sia: sab sauv thiab qis. Sab saum toj yog so ntawm lub rooj mounting ntawm kem thiab yog bolted rau nws. Lub chord qis ntawm lub nqaj yog txuas rau hauv kem nrog kab rov tav battens.
Steel truss
Ua nrog parallel sab saum toj thiab hauv qab chords. Qhov ntev yog sib sau ua ke thiab yog 12 meters, 18 meters, 24 meters. Nyob ntawm seb hom ru tsev ru tsev, qhov siab ntawm cov qauv truss tuaj yeem yog 3.13 meters, 3.27 meters lossis 3.75 meters.
Mounting rau txhua kab yog ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntawv txhawb nqa, uas txhawb nqa lub ru tsev.
Tam sim no hauvkev tsim kho kev lag luam pib siv lub teeb yuag steel kev xaiv rau kev tsim cov trusses. Piv txwv li, tubular systems los yog kab teeb nrog nyias phab ntsa. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tsim no, cov trusses yog sib dua, kev siv cov hlau rau lawv cov khoom siv tau raug txo, thiab lub sij hawm rau lawv cov installation yog txo.
ntoo truss systems
Cov qauv ntoo tsim los txhawb cov kab ke truss ntawm lawv muaj lub zog txaus thiab tiv thaiv ntau yam kev ua phem. Lawv yog cov ruaj thaum siv nyob rau hauv cov qauv nrog ib txwm tej yam kev mob rau kub thiab av noo. Hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, lawv tau siv hauv cov tsev uas muaj ib puag ncig tsis zoo rau cov pob zeb thiab hlau.
Los ntawm kev tsim, rafter ntsiab yog qhov txawv hauv daim ntawv:
- Beam.
- Farm.
- Arok.
- Ram.
Yog hais tias qhov ntev ntawm lub spans nyob rau hauv lub tsev yog mus txog 18 meters, ces siv ib tug ntoo rafter beam. Nyob rau hauv cov tsev uas cov spans loj heev - mus txog 30 meters, nws yog tsim nyog los siv ntoo truss trusses. Arches thiab thav duab ua los ntawm ntoo raws li rafters feem ntau tsis siv.
ntoo purlin
Hauv kev tsim kho, kab teeb ci los ntawm cov laug cam feem ntau siv. Cov qauv zoo li no muaj zog thiab ruaj khov dua li cov khoom lag luam, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau hom rafter beams. Cov khoom siv los ntawm cov kab teeb ci ntsa iab yog siv dav hauv kev tsim kho lub ru tsev. Cov cav ntoo puag ncig tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav dua, tab sis lawv nyob deb qis dua rau glulam hais txog kev khoov lub zog.
Kev sib koom ntawm cov ntoo purlin tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Ntu ntu ntawm kab teeb tuaj yeem yog lub voj voos lossis I-nqaj. Sab saum toj thiab hauv qab chords ntawm lub purlin tuaj yeem ua ke, lossis ib qho gable sab saum toj chord thiab kab rov tav lossis tawg hauv qab chord. Nrog rau qhov ntev txog li 15 meters, I-beams nrog cov phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov laug cam lossis plywood thiab bar stiffeners feem ntau siv.
ntoo truss
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov ntoo trusses yog kab, boards lossis cav. Fastening ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog ua tau nrog kev pab los ntawm hlau hardware, daim hlau. Glued ntoo truss trusses yog dav siv. Lawv txoj siv tawv yog ua los ntawm qhov dav. Nrog rau txoj kev tsim khoom no, threaded toothed spikes thiab grooves zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv cov duab yog ua nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom sib txuas. Cov kua nplaum yog siv rau tag nrho qhov sib koom ua ke, tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv raug nias.
txhawb nqa cov nqaj truss thiab trusses
Ntoo truss ntsiab yog ntxiv dag zog rau lawv. Cov hlau los yog fiberglass yog siv los ua kev txhawb nqa. Qhov kev txhawb zog yog txuas rau hauv cov ntoo nrog epoxy kua nplaum. Rebar prestressing qee zaum siv.
Installation
Kev teeb tsa ntawm rafter beams thiab trusses yog ua raws li hauv qab no. Reinforced qhob hauv qab-rafter beam ntsiab lus thiab trusses yog welded ncaj qha mus rau sab taub hau nrog kev pab los ntawm embedded hlau qhov chaw. Nws yog ua tau kom fasten lawv nrog bolts. Reinforced qhob consoles los yog hlau rooj ntawm rafters pab raws li kev txhawb nqa platforms rau load-bearing truss lug.
Hlau trusses yog txuas rau txhua kab los ntawm sab mus rau cov hlau hla-kem nrog rau hauv qab txoj siv. Nws qhov siab yog 0.7 m. Trusses yog fastened rau ib leeg los ntawm sab sauv siv. Lub rafter trusses so ntawm cov ntxhuav ntawm lub truss trusses thiab ntawm patellas tsau rau ntawm kab.
Cov kab ntoo ntoo hauv lub vov tsev zoo li no (saib daim duab).
Txhim kho gable ru tsev kab teeb
Thaum muaj ob lub thawv ntim khoom sab hauv hauv ib lub tsev, lub rafter system tau nruab rau ntawm cov khoom rafter. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv so ntawm lub txaj, los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm racks ntawm tuav, nrog rau sab hauv phab ntsa. Feem ntau cov no yog ob lub sub-rafter beam qauv tso rau ntawm lub ru tsev. Qhov kev xaiv no yog siv nrog qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab mus rau lub ru tsev ridge los ntawm 1.4 meters mus rau 2.5 meters. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, txaus qhov chaw dawb yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev, uas yuav siv tau raws li ib tug attic.
Lub rafter beam, lossis puff, tuaj yeem ntsia ncaj qha rau ntawm rafters ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib feem peb ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab mus rau lub ridge. Qhov kev xaiv no tso cai rau koj kom nce ntxivqhov chaw ru tsev. Lub truss, hauv qab-rafter systems thiab lub ru tsev ntawm no ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm sab nrauv phab ntsa thiab npog.
Rafter thiab truss beams tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab hauv kab lus.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov kab hluav taws xob hnyav tau muab tso rau ntawm Mauerlat ntawm ob phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Nrog rau kev xaiv ntawm ib lub tsev ntoo, es tsis txhob ntawm Mauerlat, lub sab sauv crown ntawm lub cav yog siv. Cov kab teeb yuav tsum nruj me ntsis sib npaug rau ib leeg, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov no los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv qhov xaus diagonally. Lub beams pw nrog ib tug protrusion ntawm tsawg kawg yog 0.5 meters tshaj li ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub tsev. Yog tias cov laug cam luv luv dua li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kab teeb, ces cov kab rafter yog spliced.
Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum ncab cov hlua ntawm cov kab teeb tsa ntawm ob sab, thiab ua kom lawv nyob rau theem. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib 'meter' los ntawm qhov siab, lub rafter beam tom ntej yog ntsia. Ib lub rooj tsavxwm kuj tau muab tso rau ntawm sab nraud. Nco ntsoov xyuas lawv txoj haujlwm kab rov tav. Yog li ntawd, cov kab rafter uas tseem tshuav tau muab tso rau tag nrho ntev ntawm phab ntsa.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ntawm cov laug cam sab nraum cov phab ntsa, 0.5 meters ntsuas ntawm txhua qhov nqaj siab, ib txoj hlua rub. Cov cim yog ua rau ntawm cov kab nruab nrab ntawm txoj hlua, qhov kawg kawg yog sawn tawm. Ntxiv mus, load-bearing rafters raug ntsia rau ntawm lub sub-rafter system.
GOSTs rau cov qauv truss
GOST 20372-2015, uas tau nkag mus rau hauv kev siv zog thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2017, siv rau kev tsim cov pob zeb ua vaj tse sub-rafter. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, rauntau lawm, hnyav lossis lub teeb ua vaj tse yog siv. Steel trusses yog tsim raws li GOST 27579-88. Nws muaj qee yam thiab nplaum I-beam qhov ntev. GOST 19425-74.
