Txoj kev txhais tau tias ntawm kev tua hluav taws feem ntau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov hluav taws kub hnyav hauv chav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Peb tsis tas yuav tham txog cov tsev khaws khoom nrog cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish, tshuaj lom neeg thiab lwm yam khoom uas tuaj yeem tawm ntawm lub txim. Cov ntoo zoo heev lossis cov yas luas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau hauv hluav taws yog tias nws tsis kho kom zoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kev xav tau zoo li no, kev npaj tiv thaiv hluav taws yog tsim ua rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab tsis ua mob rau cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv.
hluav taws kub retardant yog dab tsi?
Feem ntau cov refractories rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv rau sab nraud, impregnations thiab, tsawg zaus, hmoov. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm hom kev ua haujlwm no yog tsim cov txheej txheem uas ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm combustion thiab smoldering. Qee zaum, cov kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv txoj cai tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws ntawm qhov khonto. Qhov no siv tau rau impregnations, uas tsis yog tsuas yog tsim ib txheej tiv thaiv nto, tab sis nkag mus tob rau hauv cov qauv. Feem ntau cov ntoo impregnation rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, uas tsis hloov cov kev ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom. Ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pawg no yog cov nplaim hluav taws. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, uas tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov kua roj vanish, enamels, xim, impregnations lossis cov ntaub ntawv loj.
Basic muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws kub
Cov tshuab feem ntau muaj xws li phosphorus compounds, halogen-muaj inclusions, nitrogen thiab inorganic tshuaj:
- Cov tshuaj Organophosphorus yog cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab thiab kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov hlau hnyav hnyav, uas yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev tso tseg ntawm cov tshuaj no.
- Halogen-muaj cov khoom tsim muaj kwv yees li 25% ntawm tag nrho cov hluav taws kub retardants tsim thiab muab kev tiv thaiv zoo uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov chaw tsim khoom.
- Inorganic hluav taws tiv thaiv cov tebchaw raws li hydroxides (magnesium thiab txhuas), liab phosphorus thiab ammonium polyphosphate. Cov tebchaw no ua rau ib nrab ntawm cov khoom tua hluav taws hauv ntiaj teb ua lag luam.
- cov tshuaj uas muaj nitrogen yog siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb - feem ntau yog kho cov polymers.
- Cov khoom tsim tshiab muaj xws li polymer nano-composites, intumescent ua ke, pre-ceramic refractory tshuaj, thiab lwm yam.
Txawm hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg, tag nrho cov saum toj nokev npaj yog coj los ntawm kev tua hluav taws los ntawm kev siv lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg. Lwm qhov yog tias cov xwm txheej thiab daim ntawv ntawm lawv siv yuav txawv - piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv condensed los yog roj theem.
Yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj ua haujlwm
Cov neeg kho tshuab ntawm kev raug cuam tshuam ncaj qha los ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntawm ntau theem ntawm kev sib txuas - thaum lub sij hawm pyrolysis, ignition thiab kis hluav taws. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj muaj halogen ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov roj theem ntawm combustion. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm deceleration yog siv los ntawm kev siv hydroxides thiab qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug ua ke ntawm ob peb lub cev thiab tshuaj txheej txheem. Thaum lub sij hawm cua sov, dej vapor tso tawm, txias cov polymer matrix mus rau qhov xav tau kub tswj, txaus kom tsis txhob combustion. Phosphorus-muaj cov tshuaj tua hluav taws npaj muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv theem. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm thermal puas, xws li hluav taws kub retardant kis mus rau hauv lub xeev ntawm polyphosphoric acid, uas catalyzes lub cev qhuav dej tshwm sim ntawm lub polymer substrate. Phosphorus tebchaw kuj siv, uas ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm radical capture nyob rau hauv lub roj theem, zoo ib yam li halogens.
Ntau yam tshuaj
Ua ntej tshaj, cov khoom ua kua thiab cov khoom sib cais. Nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub, peb tab tom tham txog cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish zoo li tib cov kua roj vanish nrog enamels thiab impregnations, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - txog backfills thiab coatings. Thaum pib ntawm kev tsim cov ntu ntawm cov khoom siv refractory, cov tuam txhab tsim tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom hauv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis vim muaj qhov zoo.kua daim ntawv maj mam hloov mus rau kev tsim cov concentrates thiab kev daws teeb meem. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw no suav nrog qhov tsis muaj hmoov av zoo hauv huab cua, uas ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv.
Lwm qhov kev faib tawm cuam tshuam txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua. Txhua qhov kev npaj rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov nquag thiab tsis muaj zog. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm muaj xws li impregnations, suav nrog boric acid thiab phosphorus ntsev. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm thermal raug, lub Cheebtsam ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yaj, uas tsim ib tug tiv thaiv txheej. Cov tshuaj Passive tsis hloov lawv cov qauv kev tiv thaiv hauv txhua txoj kev. Lub tsho hauv qab siv thaum xub thawj tsim ib txheej nyias ntawm cov cua sov uas tsis hloov txawm tias qhov kub siab.
phom sij thiab nyab xeeb hluav taws kub
Ib tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj uas siv rau hauv cov nplaim hluav taws emit cov tshuaj lom txaus ntshai ua ke nrog cov khoom pyrolysis ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 500-600 ° C. Piv txwv li, vim li no, brominated diphenyl oxide raug txwv, nrog rau cov carcinogenic dioxins thiab furans. Cov nplaim hluav taws niaj hnub no tsis tau tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm kev tso tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, txij li hauv qee qhov chaw lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau ua pov thawj rau nws tus kheej, tab sis nyob rau hauv txoj cai, cov qauv nruj ntawm kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis rau cov neeg ua haujlwm uas txo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Rau kev siv hauv tsev, muaj tag nrho cov kab kev nyab xeeb rau kev kub hnyiab, uas muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg rau ib puag ncig. Cov no tuaj yeem yogsuav nrog tib hydroxides ntawm txhuas thiab magnesium. Ib qho ntxiv yog tias cov hluav taws kub tsis zoo ib puag ncig muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, xws li lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm kev tiv thaiv spectrum thiab cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog cov teebmeem deformation.
Tshuaj raws li nano-composites
Ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev txhim kho cov nplaim hluav taws kub yog txuam nrog cov khoom siv polymer. Cov no yog cov khoom lag luam matrix uas txawv los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Piv txwv li, technologists tuaj yeem pab pawg neeg ntxiv dag zog rau ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog cov khoom tawg-pov thawj, fibrous thiab txheej txheej. Cov khoom ntawm kev npaj tiv thaiv hluav taws raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov ciam teb interfacial. Yog li, ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau raug daws - kev sib cais ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Thaum ib lub caij nquag ua haujlwm, lwm tus raug tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov theem tam sim no los ntawm cov membranes tshwj xeeb. Thaum lawv tig los, cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv raug puas tsuaj thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj feem cuam tshuam rau theem tam sim no ntawm kev sib txuas nrog rau kev ua haujlwm. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nanocomposites, nrog rau txheej silicates thiab polymer molecules. Cov tebchaw no tau muab faib rau hauv qhov chaw interlayer ntawm kev npaj matrix.
Koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi txog cov tshuaj intumescent?
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm intumescence, uas tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li qhov o, tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhauib txhij foaming thiab carbonization ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv. Qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem pab tau rau hauv cov txheej txheem combustion, yog li cov khoom siv ntxiv ntxiv rau cov hluav taws kub retardants uas provoke nws. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, intumescent hluav taws tiv thaiv cov khoom tsim ib coke-zoo li ua npuas ncauj rau ntawm lub hom phiaj nto. Nws ua raws li hom kev thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov nplaim hluav taws, yog li ua kom cov nyhuv insulating nrog kev ncua sij hawm kub hnyiab. Tab sis, xws li additives kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem ntawm daim ntawv thov los ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj thiab solubility nyob rau hauv cov dej ib puag ncig.
Npaj cov tshuaj
Cov nplaim hluav taws tshwj xeeb yog npaj los ntawm kev yaj lawv hauv qhov ntim dej teev los ntawm cov lus qhia. Rau kev sib tov, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, tig nws ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ceev. Qhov concentration yuav nyob ntawm seb hom, noo noo thiab ntom ntawm cov khoom siv. Yog li, yog tias kev npaj siv rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog ntoo tshiab, ces kev noj yuav tsum yog li 300-350 g / m 2. Tom qab ua noj ua haus, qhov sib tov yog tsau, thiab ces cov sediment yog drained.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws
Kev kho saum npoo av nrog cov tshuaj tua hluav taws yog ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv cov xim zoo nkauj lossis cov kua roj vanish. Ntawd yog, koj tuaj yeem siv tus qauv pleev xim rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov menyuam lossis txhuam - nws nyob ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Rau cov ntawv thov tsis sib xws, rab phom txau nrog lub taub hau tsim nyog kuj tuaj yeem siv tau, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias ntau yam hluav taws kub retardants, vim muaj kev suav nrog.cov additives tshwj xeeb muaj qhov ntom ntom dua piv rau cov pa pleev xim thiab cov kua roj vanish. Raws li rau lub impregnation, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev kho mob tiv thaiv hluav taws yog nqa tawm tom qab ib tug tshwj xeeb abrasive tu. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom qhib lub qhov hws ntawm cov khoom nrog ntxhib sib tsoo cov cuab yeej. Tom qab ntawd, ntxuav nrog cov plua plav tshem tawm thiab ua kom tiav cov haujlwm nrog kev pleev xim.
Kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb thaum siv hluav taws kub
Txij li thaum muaj ntau yam teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub koj tus kheej nrog cov khoom xyaw. Yog tias muaj cov chaw tsim khoom ceeb toom txog txawm tias qhov ntsuas tshuaj lom tsawg tsawg, ces nws yuav tsum xav txog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej. Tshwj xeeb, hom kev npaj tua hluav taws no yuav tsum tau siv nrog hnab looj tes thiab nrog lub tshuab ua pa. Kev nyab xeeb ntxiv kuj yog muab los ntawm cov tsom iav thiab cov khaub ncaws. Thiab nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, kev ua hauj lwm sab hauv tsev yuav tsum tau ua tsuas yog nrog khiav qhov cua los yog qhib raws ntawm ntuj cua.
Zoo kawg
Nyob ntawm kev ua lag luam koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntau yam cuab yeej uas tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv ntau yam ntaub ntawv los ntawm hluav taws. Rau cov tsev neeg ntu, hluav taws kub retardant compounds rau kev ua ntoo yog muab. Cov npe nrov tshaj plaws suav nrog Stary Elm, Senezh Ognebio thiab Bioshield npaj rau hluav taws thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob lom. Thiab lawv pheej yig. Yog li, ib qho kev daws teeb meem "Bioshield" nrog ntim ntawm 5 litres tuaj yeem muas tau rau 400-500 rubles. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hais tias nws yoghais txog lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntau, uas, ua ke nrog cov nplaim hluav taws kub, kuj tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob fungus, pwm, kab, thiab lwm yam.
