Cov khoom siv hlau ua siv tooj dag yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov xim qub thiab txawv tshaj plaw. Tab sis dhau sij hawm, tooj dag tuaj yeem poob nws cov khoom zoo nkauj, txij li cov hlau yog oxidized nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm huab cua. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau kom tsis muaj xim, staining thiab poob ntawm luster ntawm cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo nkauj yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj dab tsi.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom siv tooj dag yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo. Thiab nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau hu rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd lossis siv cov tshuaj tsis zoo. Yuav ua li cas thiab yuav ua li cas ntxuav tooj dag nyob rau hauv tsev, peb yuav sim xyuas kom meej nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.
keeb kwm me ntsis
tooj dag yog cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc, nrog tus qauv piv yog ib chav tsev ntawm tooj liab mus rau ob chav ntawm zinc. Tsis tas li ntawd, manganese, npib tsib xee, tin, txhuas, txhuas tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Kev suav nrog ntawm cov khoom no ua rau hloov pauv cov khoom thiab xim ntawm cov hlau.
Txawm tiastib neeg tau kawm txog tooj dag txawm tias ua ntej peb lub sijhawm, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau, zinc, tau paub tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 16th. Txawm nyob hauv Rome thaum ub, los ntawm kev ua cov tooj liab nrog zinc ore, cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab ntau yam khoom dai tau ua.
tooj dag accessories tau coj mus rau Russia los ntawm Central Asia, qhov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov hlau no kuj tsim. Cov khoom thiab kho kom zoo nkauj no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov nom tswv rau lawv cov xim tshwj xeeb, ci ntsa iab thiab zoo. Txij xyoo 1746, thaum nrhiav tau zinc, tooj dag kuj tshwm sim.
Brass application
Brass alloys feem ntau hu ua cov hlau nyob mus ib txhis, vim tias cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov khoom no muaj zog heev rau hnav. Yog li, ib qho alloy nrog 20% zinc cov ntsiab lus, ob hom khoom, yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam tsheb, rau kev tsim cov khoom seem. Xws li ib tug alloy yog dav siv nyob rau hauv tshav kub engineering, vim hais tias muaj coob tus li qub yog ua los ntawm tooj dag.
Cov kav dej sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv sib txawv yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov khoom siv tooj dag, uas tau siv dav hauv dav hlau thiab nkoj tsim. Thiab lub siab tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev sib nqus attraction tau pom nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov compasses. Cam khwb cia tooj dag coated rau xeb tiv thaiv.
Thiab, tau kawg, tooj dag alloys tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Yog li, lub jeweler zoo siv tooj dag, uas suav nrog 5% txhuas thiab 15% zinc, muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom uas nyuaj rau qhov txawv ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Txhawm rau khaws cov tsos ntawm cov hlau, qee qhov kev ua haujlwm tu yuav tsum tau ua tsis tu ncua. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej ntxuav cov tooj dag hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov cai yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas cov hlau.
Brass Care Rules
Cov tooj liab zoo huv si, tooj dag tuaj yeem ua raws li cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no:
- Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov oxides thiab cov kab mob hnyav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv tu kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom abrasive hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem yuav ntawm cov khw muag tshuaj tshwj xeeb hauv tsev lossis npaj ntawm nws tus kheej hauv tsev.
- Lacquer txheej yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tshuaj lom neeg. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los kho cov chaw zoo li no nrog cov ntaub qhwv los yog paj rwb pad moistened nrog dej soapy.
- Tshem cov quav hniav thiab cov av hnyav nrog txhuam txhuam.
- Kev siv acetic, hydrochloric thiab citric acid tso cai rau kev ntxuav ceev. Tab sis ua li ntawd, yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom tsis txhob ua mob.
- Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav los ntxuav brassware vim nws yuav tsaus.
Npaj tooj dag rau tu
Ua ntej koj ntxuav tooj dag hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tau ua ntau yam kev npaj ua haujlwm:
- Ua ntej koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb cov khoom yog ua los ntawm. Xws li ib qho kev sim me me tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov hlau nplaum. Yog li, yog tias cov hlau nplaum yog tooj dag, cov hlau nplaum tsis nyiam rau cov khoom. Thaum twgYog hais tias ib feem yog hlau nplaum, ces nws yog ua los ntawm lwm yam hlau, thiab tsuas yog ib tug nyias tooj liab txheej.
- Kev txiav txim siab lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov khoom siv tooj dag tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb me me, txij li cov alloy yav tas los tau kho nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv uas tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm qhov tsis zoo.
- Cov kauj ruam ua tau zoo hauv kev npaj cov tooj dag rau kev ntxuav yog tshem tawm cov kab mob ntawm nws qhov chaw. Qhov no yog ua tiav nrog tshuaj ntxuav tes los yog tshuaj ntxuav tes. Lub workpiece yog immersed nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj rau 20 feeb, thiab ces ntxuav nrog ib tug txhuam.
- Tsis tas li cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb yog kev tshem tawm cov kua roj vanish ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom. Koj tuaj yeem siv tus ntsia thawv polish tshem tawm rau lub hom phiaj no. Txoj kev maj mam yog muab cov khoom tso rau hauv dej kub. Qhov no ua rau cov hlau nthuav dav, thiab tom qab ntawd txias nws qis, ua rau cov lacquer tev tawm.
Kev ua raws li cov kev npaj npaj no yuav txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev tu cov tooj dag.
Txoj kev yooj yim los ntxuav tooj dag
Kev lag luam tshuaj niaj hnub no muaj ntau yam tshuaj thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ntau dua li ntxuav cov tooj dag hauv tsev. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov neeg ua haujlwm tu hauv ntau lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim los npaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm improvised txhais tau tias txhua tus niam tsev muaj. Nco ntsoov, thaum xaiv tus neeg saib xyuas tu hauv lub khw, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg uas tuaj yeem ua mob rau cov hlau.
Los ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb uas siv los ntxuav cov tooj dag, peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- acetone;
- oxalic acid;
- citric acid;
- Yacetic acid.
Tab sis ntau tus tswv ntawm tooj dag cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ntshai siv tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, pej xeem tshuaj los cawm. Yuav ua li cas ntxuav tooj dag? Ua tib zoo mloog cov kab hauv qab no:
- tshuaj txhuam hniav;
- xab npum;
- rooj vinegar;
- txiv qaub kua txiv nrog ntsev.
Kev xaiv txhais tau tias yog ua tiav. Ua li no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los sim ntxuav qhov chaw tsis pom kev ntawm cov khoom.
Yuav ua li cas ntxuav tooj dag sai sai, peb yuav txiav txim siab ntxiv tom qab.
Tsev tooj dag nrog acetone
Acetone yog ib qho kev npaj tau zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshem tawm ntau yam tsis xws luag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog alloy darkening. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias cov tshuaj no dissolves xim los yog cov kua roj vanish zoo, yog li tom qab siv nws, koj yuav tsum tau kho cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv.
Ua ntej koj ntxuav cov tooj dag nrog acetone, koj yuav tsum ua cov haujlwm npaj ua ntej uas yuav tso cai rau koj ua txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws.
Txoj kev ntxuav yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Ua ntej, yaug cov paj rwb swab nrog acetone.
- Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau ua cov txheej txheem tsaus nti ntawm cov khoom.
- Tom qab ntawd yaug lub workpiece hauv qab dej kub, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes ntxiv.
- So cov khoom nrog ib daim ntaub mos kom qhuav.
Nco ntsoov tias txhua txoj haujlwm yuav tsum ua nrog cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv.
YSiv oxalic acid
Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov ntshiab oxalic acid, vim nws yog ib yam khoom hnyav. Cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv thiab tsom iav yuav tsum hnav ua ntej ntxuav.
Kev txiav txim ua haujlwm yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Peb dilute 25 grams ntawm acid nyob rau hauv ib liter dej. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los npaj cov tshuaj hauv lub thawv yas.
- ntub daim txhuam cev lossis paj rwb swab nrog cov tshuaj, thiab ua cov khoom siv tooj dag.
- Peb sawv ntsug cov khoom ua haujlwm moistened rau 15-20 feeb, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav nws hauv dej sov thiab xab npum.
- Tom qab ntawd, qhuav cov khoom.
Cov khoom yuav tsaus ntuj thaum ntxuav, tab sis cov txheej no yuav ploj tom qab yaug.
Koj tuaj yeem ntxuav cov tooj dag los ntawm kev muab cov khoom tso rau hauv lub thawv nrog cov kua qaub. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem ntxuav ob qho tib si qub tooj dag thiab tawv tawv av. Tom qab da dej li no, cov khoom yog ntxuav thiab qhuav.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm citric acid thiab ci dej qab zib zoo ntxuav cov khoom tooj dag.
Rau qhov no koj xav tau:
- Ydissolve 60 g ntawm dej qab zib hauv 50 ml dej;
- kho cov khoom nrog cov khoom sib xyaw no nrog paj rwb los yog daim txhuam cev;
- tom qab 20 feeb so cov khoom nrog txiv qaub pulp;
- tom qab 40 feeb yaug cov tooj dag nrog dej thiab qhuav nrog daim ntaub mos.
Yog tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov xav tautshwm sim, tom qab ntawd ua ntej koj ntxuav cov tooj dag kom ci, koj yuav tsum rov ua txhua yam haujlwm. Feem ntau qhov kev tu thib ob yuav ua tiav qhov kev xav tau.
YAcetic acid
Kev siv acetic acid yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo rau kev tshem tawm oxides thiab soot los ntawm cov khoom siv tooj dag. Kev ua haujlwm tu yog pom zoo kom ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj cua zoo, vim cov kua qaub vapors muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev.
Rau kev tu zoo ntawm tooj dag koj xav tau:
- Sau lub ntim nrog dej, ntxiv vinegar thiab ntsev. Ib tablespoon ntsev ntxiv rau ib khob ntawm vinegar.
- Muab lub thawv tso rau ntawm qhov cub thiab tos kom sib tov kom npau.
- Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum muab cov khoom tso rau hauv qhov dej kom huv.
- Boil tag nrho rau peb teev. Thaum sib tov boils, ntxiv cov khoom xyaw tsim nyog nyob rau hauv qhov kev faib ua feem.
- Tom qab ntawd, muab cov khoom yaug kom huv si thiab qhuav.
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev yog siv lub khob noom cookie:
- Ntxiv ib khob hmoov nplej los ntawm qhov sib npaug sib npaug rau cov dej sib tov thiab vinegar. Cov hmoov nplej yog siv los ua absorbent.
- Cov khoom pasty no yuav tsum tau siv rau ib daim tooj dag.
- Tos li 20 feeb thiab so cov khoom nrog cov ntaub ntub dej.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Yog tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tau tag nrho cov stains, txhua yam yuav tsum rov ua dua.
zaub mov txawv teb chaws
Ua ntej ntxuav cov tooj dag kom nws ci, siv cov kua qaubnyiaj txiag, sim tig koj lub siab rau qee qhov kev kho pej xeem. Cov zaub mov no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshem tawm cov tooj dag me yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv ntawm cov khoom.
Txoj hauv kev ua neeg suav nrog:
Tshuaj tooj dag nrog tshuaj txhuam hniav. Txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem tshem tau me ntsis darkening ntawm tooj dag. Siv cov txhuam hniav mos, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom. Tom qab tos me ntsis, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ntxuav tawm nrog dej sov thiab cov khoom yog qhuav
- Txij li thaum ub nyob rau hauv Russia, txoj kev ntawm kev tu cov tooj dag nrog kev pab los ntawm cranberries tau dav siv. Ua li no, cranberries tsuas yog rubbed rau saum npoo ntawm tooj dag, thiab tom qab 15 feeb lawv raug ntxuav tawm nrog dej.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lub teeb av tuaj yeem tshem tawm tau zoo nrog cov dej soapy. Txoj kev no suav hais tias yog qhov maj mam tshaj plaws, vim nws tsis ua rau lub ntsej muag tooj dag tag nrho.
- Ib txoj hauv kev zoo yog siv cov buttermilk (200 ml) thiab ntsev (ib teaspoon). Qhov kev sib xyaw no tso tawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide, uas ua kom huv si zoo ntawm tooj dag.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kab lus, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ntxuav cov khoom siv tooj dag nrog cov khoom zoo. Rau cov tswv ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo nkauj uas tsis xav ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv acid, cov zaub mov txawv tuaj yeem siv. Nco ntsoov tias nws yog qhov zoo dua los pib ntxuav nrog cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev xav tau, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj sib xyaw kom muaj zog dua.
