txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg hauv pem teb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim lub hauv paus nrog lub zog loj. Qhov kev tsim no yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj khov dua li cov flooring. Raws li cov kev txwv no, tus thawj coj tiag tiag yog lub hauv paus pob zeb. Nws yog qhuav, du thiab ruaj khov, muab lub hauv paus zoo tagnrho rau txhua lub tsho loj. Cov plag tsev zoo li no tuaj yeem tiv taus cov khoom hnyav, uas tso cai rau lawv nchuav rau hauv cov chav uas nws tau npaj los nruab cov khoom siv thiab cov rooj tog hnyav.
Ntse
Lub hauv paus saum toj no yog siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau theem saum npoo, txhim kho cov cua sov hauv qab, nce qib ntawm lub hauv paus thiab sib zog ua kom cov plag tsev hauv qhov chaw. Rau kev teeb tsa, ntau yam thev naus laus zis tau siv los tso cai rau cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv cov khoom hnyav. Yog tias qhov ua haujlwm tau ua tiav lawm, tom qab ntawd lub subfloor yuav tiv nrog qhov nce ntawm cov av noo. Cov qauv zoo li no tau siv ntau dua hauv kev lag luam ntiag tug.kev loj hlob.
Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm thaj chaw thiab hom tsev, cov cuab yeej siv yuav txawv. Ua ntej pib nrog kev tsim ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb hom twg los xaiv. Cov no tuaj yeem yog:
- txheej pem teb;
- ib txheej cement-sand screed;
- reinforced floors.
thawj ntau yam muaj cov qauv tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm xws li ib tug tsim, lub filling yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej. Multi-layer technology yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov plag tsev. Raws li rau ib txheej screed ntawm cement thiab xuab zeb, nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov chav nrog ib tug me me cheeb tsam. Tsis muaj cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntxiv ntawm no, uas ua kom lub siab rigidity. Qhov kev tsim no tsis ruaj khov thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom hnyav. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los nchuav hauv pem teb hauv ib lub tsev me, outbuildings, chav tsev lossis chaw nres tsheb.
pob zeb hauv paus tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog. Hom flooring no yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Ntawm no yog siv qhov cuab lub zog, uas tso cai rau txo qhov hnyav thiab tuab ntawm cov qauv. Lub zog ntawm cov plag tsev yog ntau dua. Rau kev txhawb nqa yog siv:
- steel fibers;
- mesh;
- rods;
- khoom siv hluavtaws.
Kev txhim kho cov plag tsev zoo li no yog ua nyob rau hauv cov chav uas muaj qhov hnyav ntawm cov plag tsev. Cov no yuav tsum suav nrog:
- hangars;
- tsev loj;
- khw muag khoom;
- chaw nres tsheb.
Technology ntawm kev ua haujlwm: kev npaj
Yuav ua kom tiav hauv pem teb, nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm npaj. Nws yog hais txog lub hauv paus. Yog hais tias hauv pem teb yog poured nyob rau hauv lub tsev, ces lub qub pem teb npog yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, raws li zoo raws li lub pob zeb screed yuav tsum tau torn tawm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ncav cuag lub qab nthab. Qhov tuab ntawm cov pob zeb hauv pem teb feem ntau yog 5 cm. Txhawm rau tshem tawm nws, koj yuav tsum siv lub rauj laum. Thaum koj tau tshem tawm cov qub hauv pem teb, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm cov av. Yog hais tias lub screed tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, tawg thiab tawg, nws tuaj yeem raug tso tseg, tau pib ua kom lub ntsej muag rau hauv pem teb tshiab.
Thaum ua haujlwm hauv tsev ntiav, tej yam yuav nyuaj dua. Lub pob zeb hauv pem teb yog feem ntau ua rau hauv av, uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntxiv. Ua ntej pouring lub pob zeb hauv paus, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los teem ib lub cim ntawm theem ntawm ib 'meter' los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov rooj. Siv cov qib, lub cim yog pauv mus rau cov phab ntsa nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter ntawm chav tsev. Los ntawm cov cim no, 1 m yog cim cia, uas yuav yog qib xoom uas koj yuav sau hauv pem teb. Txhawm rau pom cov qib no, cov ntsia hlau tau hammered rau hauv cov cim, nruab nrab ntawm ib txoj hlua rub.
Yog tias cov av tau muab tso rau hauv av, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov av li 25 cm. Qhov saum npoo yog leveled horizontally thiab compacted. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv lub cav nrog lub rooj tsavxwm lossis lub phaj tshwj xeeb vibrating. 5 cm ntawm gravel yog poured mus rau lub dav hlau, uas yog zoo watered thiab compacted. 10 cm ntawm xuab zeb yog poured on to top, uas yog tseem watered thiab compacted. Thaum lub sijhawm npaj nrog kev pab ntawm qib, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tiaslub hauv paus yog kab rov tav.
Yog tias qhov project muab kev sib txuas lus hauv pem teb, lawv tau muab tso rau ib txhij nrog xuab zeb sau, muab zais rau hauv cov thawv. Ib txheej ntawm 10-cm ntawm cov pob zeb crushed yog them rau sab saum toj, uas yog compacted thiab dua sprinkled nrog xuab zeb kom tau ib tug tiaj tus nto. Lub crushed pob zeb feem yuav tsum yog li 50 mm. Txhawm rau ua raws li qib ntawm txhua txheej txheej ntawm phab ntsa, koj tuaj yeem muab cov cim. Thov nco ntsoov tias hauv pem teb pob zeb yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 2 cm tuab.
Insulation Nyob
Yog tias koj tab tom xav txog yuav ua li cas nteg lub hauv paus, ces koj yuav tsum tau insulate. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov yeeb yaj kiab yas, cov ntaub thaiv dej los yog lwm cov ntaub ntawv yob. Rau cov dej tsis zoo, cov yeeb yaj kiab tau muab tso rau hauv ob peb txheej, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib txheej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau muab 20 cm sib tshooj, thiab khi cov pob qij txha nrog daim kab xev nplaum. Cov npoo raug coj mus rau phab ntsa nrog kev sib tshooj kom lawv ncav cuag qhov cim xoom.
Cov khoom siv yog nplaum nrog daim nplaum rau ntawm phab ntsa. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv dej, koj kuj yuav tsum tau ua cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal. Raws li kev siv tshuab, cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv tau:
- xov av nplaum;
- pob zeb bas alt ntaub plaub;
- extruded polystyrene ua npuas ncauj;
- chipboard;
- cork;
- insulated linoleum;
- yob isolon;
- ntaub pua;
- perlite;
Txhob Cia Siab
pob zeb hauv paus tsim nyog muab kev txhawb nqa,yog hais tias qhov saum npoo yuav raug nce loads. Ua li no, siv cov yas los yog hlau mesh. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm nws tus kheej, welded los ntawm cov hlau hlau. Lub thickness yuav tsum sib txawv ntawm 3 mus rau 5 mm. Lub mesh yog nteg rau sawv ntsug 3 cm siab thiaj li hais tias tom qab pouring nws hloov mus ua ib tug tag nrho.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab siv lub ntsej muag muag muag, cov nteg pins tau txhaws, thiab tom qab ntawd cov mesh yog ncab ntawm lawv. Lwm cov khoom siv rau cov hom phiaj no yog cov tuav tuav. Lawv thickness tuaj yeem nyob ntawm 8 mus rau 15 hli. Cov ntsiab lus yog welded ua ke nyob rau hauv ib daim phiaj.
Formwork installation
Tau lub hauv paus pob zeb muab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm formwork. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, qhov chaw ntawm chav yuav tsum tau muab faib ua cov duab plaub sib npaug, qhov loj ntawm qhov uas tau xaiv kom cov filling tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ib qho mus. Rau formwork, koj tuaj yeem siv cov plywood lossis boards.
Tam sim no cov lus qhia uas yuav faib chav pw. Lawv qhov siab yuav tsum sib haum mus rau qib xoom. Raws li cov lus qhia, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntoo thaiv, cov yeeb nkab hlau lossis lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov kev taw qhia yog nteg rau ntawm lub hauv paus npaj thiab mounted ntawm ib tug tuab cement mortar. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau nruab formwork nruab nrab ntawm cov lus qhia thiab daim ntawv "phaib".
Ua ntej lub pob zeb hauv pem teb yog tsim, cov ntsia hlau thiab cov formwork yuav tsum tau leveled rau xoom siv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog. Yuav kom yooj yim tau cov formwork thiab pob zeb qhia, lawv yog lubricatedroj tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yuav cais cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub pob zeb.
Npaj mortar thiab pouring
Yuav kom hauv pem teb kom ruaj khov thiab muaj zog, nws yog nchuav rau hauv ib qho mus. Yog tias muaj peev xwm ua tau nyiaj txiag, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xaj cov khoom sib tov ntawm lub Hoobkas. Yog tias nyiaj txiag tsis tso cai, koj tuaj yeem ua txhua yam koj tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, npaj:
- sand;
- pob zeb tov khoom;
- cement;
- rubble.
Cement yuav tsum sib haum rau M400 lossis M500 hom, vim tias lub zog ntawm pob zeb nyob ntawm nws. Cov xuab zeb yuav tsum yog dej xuab zeb, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj av nplaum thiab impurities. Rau pob zeb, siv cov cement, plaub ntu crushed pob zeb, 2 seem xuab zeb thiab 0.5 qhov dej.
Qhob yog kneaded nyob rau hauv ib lub pob zeb tov thiab ncuav rau hauv "daim card". Cov tshuaj yog leveled nrog ib tug duav. Nws yuav tsum tau pierced thiab stretched tshaj tag nrho cov cheeb tsam. Qhov no yuav ua kom sib tov sib xyaw thiab tshem tawm cua los ntawm nws.
Rau qhov kom zoo dua, siv lub vibrator. Sai li cov kua mis pob zeb tshwm rau ntawm qhov chaw, qhov shrinkage tuaj yeem nres los ntawm kev txav mus rau lwm qhov "daim ntawv qhia". Lub pob zeb yuav tsum tau nchuav los ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub qhov rooj. Koj yuav tsum txav mus rau ntawm qhov rooj.
Ntog leveling
Thaum ob peb "daim ntawv qhia" tau sau, koj tuaj yeem nce qib. Rau qhov no, txoj cai meter siv. Tej zaum nws yuav ntev me ntsis. Nws yog ntsia rau ntawm cov lus qhia thiab attracted rau nws tus kheej. Cov pob zeb ntau dhau yuav poob rau hauvdaim npav khoob, thiab theem pem teb tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau xoom.
Tom qab ntawd, cov ntawv ua haujlwm raug tshem tawm hauv qhov chaw sib dhos, thiab cov voids tau sau. Maj mam, koj yuav tsum tau nchuav ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd cov pob zeb tseem tshuav rau 3-4 hnub. Txhua txhua hnub nws yuav tsum tau moistened nrog ib tug me me ntawm cov dej kom nws nce mus txog maj mam thiab tsis tawg. Qhov saum npoo tuaj yeem npog nrog cov ntaub qhwv yas thiab sab laug kom kho tau 4 lub lis piam, ntub nws ib ntus.
Tom qab ntawd, ib txheej ntawm screed yog siv rau hauv pem teb. Ua li no, npaj cov kua cement mortar los yog tus kheej-leveling sib tov nrog ntxiv ntawm cov binders. Lub screed yog tsim los ntawm kaum. Tom qab ua tiav cov haujlwm no, qhov saum npoo yog tso rau ob mus rau peb hnub, thaum lub sijhawm nws tau ntub dej. Thaum cov screed tau hardened, cov flooring tuaj yeem nteg.
Pobzeb nteg: cuab yeej npaj
Ua ntej koj pib tso cov vuas rau ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb, koj yuav tsum npaj cov cuab yeej, uas yog:
- perforator;
- rule;
- phau ntawv pobzeb cutter;
- bubble tsev theem;
- sponge;
- peev;
- spatulas;
- plastic crosses.
Puncher tuaj yeem hloov nrog lub laum, uas yuav tso cai rau koj los npaj cov kev daws teeb meem ua haujlwm. Yuav tsum muaj 3 spatulas, ib tug yog notched, lwm tus yog nqaim, peb yog dav. Tso cov vuas rau ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb yuav tsum pib nrog kev npaj ntawm cov nplaum. Ua li no, dej txias yog nchuav rau hauv lub thoob rau ib feem ntawm lub ntim. Mus rau dejqhuav sib tov yog ntxiv. Cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw kom zoo, ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj.
Yog tias cov kua nplaum dhau los ua kua, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov khoom xyaw qhuav thiab sib tov cov tshuaj ntxiv. Thaum cov khoom sib tov pib tig nrog lub nra hnyav, ib feem ntawm cov sib tov qhuav tuaj yeem ntxiv nrog dej. Thaum koj ncav cuag qhov xav tau sib xws, qhov sib tov yog tso rau 5 feeb, thiab tom qab ntawd sib tov dua.
Tsev ua haujlwm
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tso cov vuas rau ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb, ces nyob rau theem tom ntej koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm. Ua ntej, ib txheej ntawm cov nplaum yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm screed nrog nqaim spatula. Ib qho trowel, uas yuav tsum tau tuav vertically, yuav tsum tau siv los siv lub mortar kom cov cuab yeej nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ib tug khoom substrate. Cov vuas yog pw rau ntawm ib txheej txheej ntawm cov kua nplaum rau ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb. Cov khoom yuav tsum tau zaum los ntawm crushing cov kua nplaum. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau tswj nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib raug rau cov khoom nyob ib sab.
Yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb - koj paub. Tab sis nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov ntoo khaub lig los yog cov npoo yuav tsum tau muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm cov vuas ntawm cov vuas hauv pem teb los yog porcelain stoneware. Qhov no yuav tsim cov longitudinal thiab transverse seams. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov vuas tom qab koj sau nrog grout los yog cement mortar. Qhov no yog ua tiav tom qab ua tiav cov cladding ntawm hauv pem teb nto, thaum cov kua nplaum teeb kom nws muaj peev xwm txav tau raws qhov tiav yam tsis hloov cov ntsiab lus.
Tso pob zeb rau ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb yuav tsum tau nrog rau txoj kev xaiv ntawm cov nplaum. Yog tias koj npaj yuav siv flagstone rau txoj haujlwm, ces koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov mortar haum rau sab nrauv cladding. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom yuav cov nplaum tshwj xeeb nkaus xwb, vim tias cov universal tsis tuaj yeem muab cov txiaj ntsig xav tau, uas koj yuav tsum them rau. Flagstone paving tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb tshiab, tab sis kuj ntawm txoj kev qub pob zeb. Yog hais tias qhov saum npoo tau nrum ntev dhau los lossis koj xav rov kho qhov qub kev ua vaj tse, ces nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab kho nrog primer. Thaum muaj cov dej seem seem hauv cov khoom, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua.
Lub pob zeb tau muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb kom cov khoom muaj qhov tuab ntawm 25 txog 40 hli. Lub flagstone yog nteg tawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev, koj yuav tsum xaiv tus qauv koj tus kheej, thiab txiav txim siab lub uniformity ntawm qhov khoob. Cov npoo yog trimmed nrog lub kaum sab xis grinder nrog lub pob zeb diamond log. Tom qab kneading cov kua nplaum, nws yog siv rau lub hauv paus pob zeb, qhov twg lub pob zeb yog ces nteg tawm raws li tus qauv.
Koj yuav tsum pib nrog cov vuas tuab tshaj plaws, thaum cov nyias nyias yuav xav tau los nqa cov npoo hauv qab. Lub flagstone yog nias rau hauv cov nplaum sib tov kom tsis muaj voids nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Cov kua nplaum yuav tsum nyob txhua qhov chaw, txwv tsis pub dej yuav khaws cia hauv qhov khoob, uas, thaum khov, yuav nyem tawm ntawm cov pobzeb. Koj yuav tsum tau sim tsis txhob siv ntau dhau kom cov tshuaj puv nkaus xwb.
Pab paving slabs
Paving slabs ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm cov xuab zeb-cement cushion. Ua li no, cov xuab zeb yog sieved thiab tov nrog cement nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm rau rau ib tug. Cov txheej yuav tsum muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 10 cm los yog tsawg dua, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub thickness ntawm pavers. Qhov saum npoo yog compacted nrog ib tug vibrating phaj los yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los muab txoj kab nqes ntawm qhov chaw.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau nruab cov pegs ntau li ntau tau, vim tias txawm tias cov xov nruj tshaj plaws tuaj yeem sag los ntawm ib 'meter'. Beacons yog nteg tawm raws qhov chaw, uas yog nruj nreem nias rau hauv ncoo. Los ntawm lub lace mus rau lub lighthouse yuav tsum muaj ib tug deb sib npaug zos rau lub thickness ntawm cov pobzeb. Rau tus nqi no, koj yuav tsum ntxiv ib centimeter rau sealing.
Nruab nrab ntawm cov beacons, koj yuav tsum tuav qhov deb tsawg dua qhov ntev ntawm txoj cai. Tom qab ntawd, nrog kev pab los ntawm tom kawg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los rub tawm ntawm qhov chaw, tsom mus rau lub beacons. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, koj tuaj yeem tso paving slabs ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tsis yog kawg-rau-kawg, tab sis nrog tsim ntawm seams ntawm 5 hli. Lawv yuav tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm cov khoom thaum lub txheej txav los ntawm ya raws thiab kub hloov.
Yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm kev thaiv. Txhua pobzeb yuav tsum tau leveled los ntawm tapping nrog ib tug mallet. Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas cov qib kab rov tav. Koj yuav tsum nias rau ntawm tag nrho saum npoo nrog lub vibrating phaj kom cov vuas zaum ntawm cov xov taut. Yog tias tsis muaj cov khoom siv zoo li no, ces thaum muab tso rau nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab txiav dav dav. Nws yog nteg nyob rau hauv ob peb vuas thiab nailed nrog ib tug mallet rau qhov xav tauqhov siab.
Heated floor on concrete
Tau ua lub hauv paus pob zeb nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav coziness thiab kev nplij siab hauv chav los ntawm kev tso cov kav dej los ntawm cov dej kub yuav ntws. Qhov ntxhib saum npoo yog ntxuav ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab plua plav, tom qab ntawd muab cov dej tsis muaj dej. Ib daim kab xev damper yog glued raws ib puag ncig ntawm chav tsev, uas yuav them nyiaj rau txoj kab nthuav dav ntawm screed.
Tom ntej no, ib txheej rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev yog tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov kav dej tso. Kev ncig ntawm cov dej hauv qhov system yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas nyob rau theem no, qhov no yuav tshem tawm cov khib nyiab ntau dhau, huab cua thiab kev tsim cov plua plav. Thaum tso ib qho chaw sov so rau ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb, cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho mesh ntawm cov kav dej. Thaum kawg, lub pob zeb screed yog poured. Yog tias koj xav ua kom pom kev hauv pem teb, koj tuaj yeem siv tus kheej-levelling compound lossis semi-qhuav mix.
