Violet yuav luag txhua tus cog. Yog lawm, thiab koj yuav tsis kam lees qhov zoo nkauj li cas. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, muaj txog 500 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag no. Thaj chaw ntawm lawv qhov kev faib khoom yog yuav luag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb. Ntau yam ntawm violets txawv qhov loj, xim thiab ntau lwm yam uas tsuas yog cov kws paub txog. Txaus siab rau lawv cov kev zoo nkauj thiab amazing rhiab ntawm paj, Kuv xav kom nws ntev thiab nce nws. Txhua hom violets zoo nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev, tab sis lawv xav tau kev saib xyuas tib yam. Kawm paub yuav ua li cas cog cov nroj tsuag zoo kawg nkaus hauv kab lus no.
Keeb kwm ntawm violets
East Africa yog qhov chaw yug ntawm lub paj zoo nkauj no. Txog tam sim no, ntau yam tsis tshua muaj ntawm violets tsuas yog pom muaj thiab tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv. Lub npe thib ob ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog Saintpaulia. Nyob rau hauv lawv tej yam ntuj tso, lawv loj hlob nyob ze dej tsaws tsag, nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej hiav txwv cheeb tsam ntawm tus dej, qhov twg muaj pos huab thiab pos huab heev.
Tshaj tawm lub paj no los ntawm Baron W alter Saint-Paul ze ntawm Usambara Toj siab. Nws ntaus nws nrog nws kev zoo nkauj thiab rhiab. Muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag zoo li violet nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, tab sis tsuas yog ib hom, saintpaulia, tuaj yeem cog hauv tsev cog qoob loo.
Kev piav qhia ntawm violet
Ntau hom violets sab hauv tsev zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov tsev neeg Gesneriaceae thiab muaj lub npe thib ob - Uzambara violet. Cov nroj tsuag me me yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tawg paj ntau thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo, ua rau me me so rau so. Qhov no yog perennial paj nrog muaj kua, luv stems uas tau sau rau hauv rosette. Violet muaj qhov dav, oval lossis me ntsis puag ncig nplooj nrog ntev petioles.
Sab saum toj ntawm lawv yog taw me ntsis, thiab cov npoo yog wavy. Cov nplooj fleshy yog tsaus los yog lub teeb ntsuab hauv cov xim. Hauv qab no lawv yog xim liab, ntsuab lossis ntshav. Cov nroj tsuag muaj ntau inflorescences, ncav cuag 3-4 centimeters nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Violet paj yog ob, semi-ob lossis ib leeg. Lawv cov xim yog ntau haiv neeg - los ntawm dawb mus rau tsaus xiav. Muaj ntau yam uas muaj ob lub suab xim.
Hybrid ntau yam
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hybrids ntau zaus ntau dua li cov hom tseem ceeb. Ua tsaug rau kev xaiv, tam sim no muaj txog 2000 ntau yam thiab cov ntawv hybrid. Violets yog subdivided nyob ntawm cov xim thiab cov duab ntawm paj thiab lawv hom. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv hnub qub zoo li qub, classic, ciam teb, fantasy thiab "chimera" violets. Raws li hom nplooj, Saintpaulias tau muab faib ua cov tub thiab ntxhais. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm "cov ntxhais" nplooj muaj ib tug pomLub teeb qhov chaw, "cov tub" nplooj yog ntsuab kiag li.
Qhov loj ntawm rosettes ntawm cov nroj tsuag no tuaj yeem ncav cuag 60 centimeters. Cov violets no yog cov loj heev. Ntau zaus koj yuav tsum pom Saintpaulia nrog qhov nruab nrab rosette (txog 40 centimeters). Kuj tseem muaj cov nroj tsuag me me nrog lub rosette loj txog li 15 centimeters nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla, thiab microminiatures - mus txog 6 centimeters. Chimera violets muaj cov kab sib txawv ntawm cov paj. Cov no yog cov kab txawv tshaj plaws. Lawv tsuas yog propagated los ntawm stepchildren thiab peduncles. Txhua hom violets yog qhov zoo ntawm nws tus kheej.
Ntau yam nto moo tshaj plaws
Muaj ntau yam ntawm Saintpaulias uas xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg cog paj. Lawv yog cov ntau thiab zoo heev yoog mus rau hauv tsev yug me nyuam tej yam kev mob. Raws li lawv, ntau hybrids tau bred. Peb yuav txiav txim siab ntau yam ntawm violets thiab piav qhia txog lawv cov yam ntxwv ntxiv.
Tsaus Saintpaulia (Saintpaulia confusa) muaj lub qia ncaj uas ncav cuag 10 centimeters hauv qhov siab. Nws cov paj muaj cov xim xiav-ntsuab nrog daj anthers thiab tau sau rau hauv txhuam ntawm 4 daim. Violet-flowered saintpaulia (Saintpaulia ionantha) muaj xim sib txawv ntawm inflorescences ntawm bred hybrids: dawb, liab, xiav, liab thiab ntshav. Nws nplooj yog ntsuab saum toj thiab ntsuab-liab hauv qab.
Nyob hauv nws qhov chaw ib puag ncig, cov nroj tsuag no tsuas muaj paj liab-xiav xwb. Saintpaulia ionantha los yog Magungen Saintpaulia muaj ceg stems, qhov siab uas ncav cuag 15 centimeters. Cov nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag no muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm li 6centimeters thiab wavy npoo. Violet paj yog ntshav hauv cov xim, sau ob lossis plaub hauv inflorescences. Saintpaulia teitensis yog hom violet tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab pom tsuas yog hauv Kenya. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm uzambar violets yog coj los ntawm Saintpaulia Chimera Monique, uas muaj lilac paj nrog ciam teb dawb. Saintpaulia Chimera Myrthe muaj rose-liab petals uas yog ciam teb los ntawm ib tug dawb kab txaij. Violet Saintpaulia Ramona yog ib hom qoob loo nrog cov paj liab tsaus nrog daj anthers. Thiab thaum kawg, dawb violet Saintpaulia Nada, uas muaj nyob rau hauv txhua tus hlub ntawm cov nroj tsuag no. Ntau yam thiab npe ntawm cov khw muag khoom violets yuav tsis paub. Saintpaulias tiag tiag nrog cov npe tsuas yog pom hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam tshwj xeeb thiab kim heev. Cov violets hauv tsev tuaj yeem muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv.
Muas violets
Kuv yuav tsum xyuam xim rau dab tsi thaum yuav tsob ntoo no? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nplooj. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov chaw txawv teb chaws. Tej zaum lawv yuav qhia tau tias cov nroj tsuag muaj kab mob. Xws li ib tug violet yuav nyuaj rau loj hlob. Rau kev yug me nyuam los ntawm nplooj ntoo, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov qauv los ntawm kab thib ob hauv qab. Cov nplooj qis tuaj yeem ua rau tawg loj heev thiab yuav tsim cov me nyuam tsawg dua. Nco ntsoov nug tus neeg muag khoom txog lub npe ntawm ntau yam. Cov nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj zog ntxiv upwards. Qhov no qhia tias tsis muaj lub teeb. Lub qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum noj qab nyob zoo thiab tsis pom cov tsos mob ntawm kev lwj. Violet cuttings thiab rosettes yog yooj yim heev. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum thauj lawv. Ntau yam thiab npe ntawm violets yuav tsum tau sau thiablo rau lub lauj kaub.
Vim violets hlub
Txhua lub paj xav tau nws tus kheej yug me nyuam. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam violets koj tau yuav, nrhiav thaj chaw zoo rau cov nroj tsuag. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias Saintpaulias tsis nyiam lub hnub ncaj qha. Hlawv tshwm rau ntawm nplooj los ntawm lawv kev sib cuag, thiab nrog ntev raug rau lub hnub, lub paj yuav tuag. Violets, uas nws cov duab thiab ntau lub npe tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus no, nyiam qhov rais ntawm sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tsev. Nyob rau sab qab teb, lawv yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub hnub los ntawm shading. Qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm violets yog li ntawm 20 txog 24 degrees. Rau ntau tus violets, koj tuaj yeem nruab ib lub khib tshwj xeeb. Teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tuaj yeem yog dag. Saintpaulias tsis nyiam cov ntawv sau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum lub sijhawm ua pa mus ntev.
dej violets
Txhua hom violets, hom dawb lossis lwm yam, xav tau dej nruab nrab. Ua li no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv dej ntawm chav tsev kub lossis sov me ntsis. Distilled los yog lim dej kais dej yuav ua. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau dej Saintpaulia hauv lub lauj kaub. Thaum irrigating los ntawm saum toj no, koj yuav tsum sim tsis txhob tau ntawm nplooj, paj, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub rosette.
Los ntawm qhov no, cov pob tshwm rau ntawm lub paj, thiab nws yuav tuag. Tom qab 10-15 feeb, dej los ntawm lub lauj kaub yuav tsum tau nchuav tawm. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, cov nroj tsuag yuav nqus tau qhov xav tau ntawm cov dej noo. Cov av ntawm lub paj yuav tsum moist thiab tsis ntub heev. Yog hais tias ib puag ncig yog damp, ces lub qhov hluav taws xob thiab cov hauv paus system yuav rot. Watering yog nqa tawm nyob rau nruab nrab 1-2 zaug ib lub lim tiam, tab sis nws nyob ntawm lub caij, av zoo thiab chav tsev kub. Qee zaum violets raug txau. Cov txheej txheem no yuav pab tau thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ua nrog ceev faj, tiv thaiv lub hnub los ntawm tsoo cov nroj tsuag ntub.
Violets tsis tas yuav noj ntau zaus. Lub substrate tiav lawm muaj tag nrho cov tsim nyog as-ham uas xav tau rau fruitful txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Yog li ntawd, nws yog txaus los hloov txhua hom violets ib xyoos ib zaug lossis ntau zaus me ntsis. Txhawm rau pub Saintpaulia, yog tias nws depleted, siv cov chiv tshwj xeeb. Lawv yog cov kua thiab granular. Fertilizers yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj concentrated. Daim ntawv lo yuav tsum muaj lub npe (NPK). Kev hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus tuaj yeem ua tsis tau ntau tshaj ib hlis ib zaug. Nco ntsoov tias lub pob av ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tsis txhob overdried.
Nco ntsoov nyeem cov lus qhia kom noj cov violet kom zoo. Rau cov tub ntxhais hluas rosettes, cov ntsiab lus nitrogen hauv cov av yuav tsum ntau tshaj li cov poov tshuaj thiab phosphorus. Yuav kom cov nroj tsuag tsim buds thiab tawg profusely, nws yuav tsum tau pub nrog phosphorus npaj. Tom qab ntawd cov paj yuav loj thiab ci. Tsis tas li ntawd lub sijhawm no, Saintpaulia xav tau ntau lub teeb. Tab sis chiv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo thov. Cov khoom noj ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem. Pub cov nroj tsuag yog tias nws xav tau tiag tiag. Kev saib tsis zoo ntawm violets yuav yog vim kev saib xyuas tsis raug.
YKev nthuav tawm ntawm violets los ntawm nplooj txiav
Violet, ntau yam tshiab uas tshwm sim ntau zaus, zoo kawg nkaus propagated los ntawm nplooj cuttings. Tab sis qhov no tsis siv rau txhua hom. Cuttings yog qhov pheej yig tshaj thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws los propagate no paj zoo nkauj. Tab sis, txawm hais tias qhov yooj yim ntawm kev yug me nyuam cov paj no, ntau tus neeg cog paj novice ua tsis tiav thawj zaug. Lub stalk rot thiab tuag yam tsis muaj rooting. Cia peb tham txog qee yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Feem ntau boiled dej yog siv rau rooting. Kuj tseem siv agroperlite lossis vermiculite. Zoo heev, violet tsim cov hauv paus hniav hauv sphagnum moss. Qhov kawg ua tiav yog peat-humus ntsiav tshuaj, uas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lwj. Ua ntej, txiav tawm lub petiole nrog ib tug ntse riam los yog rab chais. Nws yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm cov kab nruab nrab. Peb ua qhov no ua tib zoo, vim violet yog cov nroj tsuag uas muag heev. Lub petiole yuav tsum tsis txhob ntev heev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntev yog tsis ntau tshaj 4 centimeters. Xws li lub petiole yuav muab cov me nyuam loj dua sai dua. Peb muab tso rau hauv cov khoom tsim nyog.
Hummidity rau rooting zoo yuav tsum siab, thiab kub nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 20-24 degrees. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsim ib lub tsev cog khoom me me rau saum toj, lossis muab ib lub thawv rau hauv ib lub hnab. Hauv ib hlis lossis ib hlis thiab ib nrab, cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tshwm sim. Tom qab lawv muaj zog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum cais lawv. Peb ua qhov no ua tib zoo ua tib zoo, tsawg kawg ua rau lub hauv paus system. Peb cog cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub cais. Txhua petiole uas violet muab (ntau yam, duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no) tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam txheej txheem. Kev cog qoob loo yuav tsum tsis txhob dhauloj, tsis ntau tshaj 6 centimeters nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Yog tias cov nplooj pub dawb tseem muaj zog, ces nws tuaj yeem raug tso rau rov hauv paus.
cog cov me nyuam
Thaum cog, nco ntsoov siv cov kua dej, uas tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub. Nws tuaj yeem yog sphagnum moss, polystyrene ua npuas ncauj lossis me me nthuav av nplaum. Peb xaiv cov av tshwj xeeb rau Saintpaulia. Nws yuav tsum xoob, mos thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv vermiculite thiab perlite rau nws (ib feem tsib ntawm qhov ntim ntawm av). Koj tuaj yeem dilute cov av nrog sphagnum moss los ntawm kev txiav nws mus rau hauv me me. Rau cov menyuam yaus, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev cog khoom rau 2-3 lub lis piam los hloov kho. Peb muab lawv tso rau ntawm lub qhov rais ci, tab sis tsis nyob rau sab qab teb. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, cov ntawv sau yuav tsum raug cais tawm kom lub hauv paus system tsis overcool. Tom qab 2-3 lub lis piam, koj yuav tsum pib hardening cov nroj tsuag, me ntsis qhib lub tsev xog paj. Pib nrog 15 feeb thiab ua haujlwm txog li 30 feeb.
Kev tsim tawm los ntawm cov menyuam yaus
Violets, daim duab thiab lub npe ntawm ntau yam uas tau hais hauv kab lus no, tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Txhawm rau rooting kom ua tiav, koj yuav tsum tau tos kom tus tub xeeb ntxwv muaj 3-4 nplooj. Rau cov txheej txheem no, koj yuav xav tau scalpel lossis awl. Nrog lawv pab, tus tub xeeb ntxwv tau ua tib zoo sib cais los ntawm niam cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua rau cov hauv paus hniav ntawm ob qho tib si Saintpaulia thiab nplooj txiav kom tsawg li sai tau. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum nqa tawm cov txheej txheem rooting. Ua li no, siv lub lauj kaub nrog lub substrate los yog peat-humus ntsiav tshuaj. Tom qab ntawd tus tub xeeb ntxwv tau hloov mus rau hauv lub lauj kaub ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab lub tsev cog khoom tau ua rau nws. Tom qab 3-4 lub lis piam, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los pib hardening, maj mam tshem tawm lub tsev xog paj. Txoj kev yug me nyuam no zoo tagnrho rau violets."chimeras" thiab fantasy ntau yam.
Kev xaiv lub lauj kaub
Xaiv lub thawv kom zoo rau cog violets yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog txoj kab uas hla. Nws tus nqi rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum yog 5-6 centimeters. Cov nroj tsuag laus yog cog rau hauv pots nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10-12 centimeters. Nws ntseeg tau tias lub lauj kaub zoo yuav tsum yog peb zaug me dua qhov hluav taws xob nws tus kheej. Qhov siab ntawm lub lauj kaub yuav tsum tsis txhob loj. Violets zoo nkauj heev hauv cov thawv qis. Ob leeg ceramic thiab yas lauj kaub tuaj yeem siv tau. Hom thib ob yog pheej yig dua.
Cov paj no ntau yam, paj yeeb violets - ntau yam nrog cov paj ilv, dawb - ntshiab thiab dawb huv, liab - mob siab rau, xiav - enchanting, xav tau kev saib xyuas zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus cov nroj tsuag, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov laus nplooj uas poob xim thiab lwj qhov tsos. Tom qab tshem tawm cov kab hauv qab ntawm nplooj, sau lub lauj kaub nrog av los yog npog nws nrog sphagnum moss. Nrog kev saib xyuas kom zoo, cov nroj tsuag yuav zoo siab nrog lawv cov paj zoo nkauj, thiab lawv cov qoob loo yuav ua rau muaj kev zoo siab xwb. Muab Saintpaulias nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo, qhov kub thiab txias, txaus av noo thiab dej, thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, koj txoj kev hlub, thiab lawv yuav rov ua dua. Muaj ntau ntau yam thiab ntau yam uas koj tuaj yeem pib sau lawv, ntxiv tshiab, zoo nkauj hom violets.
