Cov xaim hluav taws xob hauv tsev ntiag tug, lawv cov tswv feem ntau ncab nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes. Hauv txoj cai, cov txheej txheem tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb yog tias koj muaj qee qhov kev paub dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv hluav taws xob hauv lub tebchaws, tau kawg, qee yam thev naus laus zis thiab cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau ua. Txwv tsis pub, lub network hauv tsev tom qab yuav pib dhau, overheat, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob luv luv thiab, vim li ntawd, ua rau hluav taws lossis hluav taws xob poob rau tib neeg.
Requirements
Daim duab kab hluav taws xob hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug yuav tsum tau tsim, yog li ua tib zoo ua tib zoo xav. Lub network teeb tsa hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug yuav tsum yog:
- tsim rau kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem ntev;
- muab nrog txhua yam tsim nyog tiv thaiv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tsev, luv luv, hluav taws xob surges;
- muab nrog cov cuab yeej ua kom muaj kev nplij siab hauv tsev;
Kuj kab hluav taws xob hauv tsev, tau kawgTxawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau tsim los txuas tag nrho cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau cov neeg nyob hauv.
Yuav ua li cas ua ib qhov project
Tau kawg, ua ntej koj pib tso cov xov hlau hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntau yam kev tswj hwm thiab tswj cov cuab yeej, koj yuav tsum tsim cov duab kos duab thiab ua txhua qhov tsim nyog suav. Thaum kos ib qhov project rau hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug, feem ntau:
- txiav txim siab nrog hom network (ib ntu / ob theem);
- faib cov khoom siv raws kab thiab suav cov tsis sib xws;
- yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog, qhov (sockets, keyboards), cov khoom siv hauv tsev yooj yim.
Thaum kawg, lawv kos daim duab kab hluav taws xob tiag tiag hauv lub tsev ntiag tug thiab kos ib daim phiaj ua haujlwm.
hom kab ke tseem ceeb
Raws li txoj cai lij choj Lavxias, nws raug tso cai tso ob theem ib zaug thiab peb-theem tes hauj lwm hauv tsev ntiag tug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv cov tsev txog li 100 m2 2, yog tias lawv tsis siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cua sov, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom nruab thawj hom kab ke.
Peb-theem xaim hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug feem ntau yog mounted yog tias nws cheeb tsam tshaj 100 m 2. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tswv yim no tsim nyog rau cov tsev uas muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev uas muaj zog heev. Feem ntau, cov tshuab zoo li no kuj tau teeb tsa yog tias tus tswv tsev npaj yuav siv qee yam khoom siv hluav taws xob siv ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, tshuab cuab yeej thiab sawmills hauvgarage.
Yuav ua li cas npaj cov khoom siv rau hauv pab pawg
Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua raws li thaum tsim cov kab hluav taws xob hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug. Hauv txhua pab pawg, thaum tsim cov phiaj xwm, vim li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej txuas ntxiv tom qab sib txuas rau tib lub xaim los ntawm daim ntaub thaiv.
Nrog rau qhov kev faib tawm, cov kab sib cais feem ntau yog faib rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev muaj zog. Yog li, hauv tsev ntiav, piv txwv li, cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws niaj hnub, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, hluav taws xob cookers, thiab lwm yam.
Rau cov cuab yeej muaj zog tsawg, cov pab pawg tuaj yeem tsim tau raws li cov hauv qab no:
- qhov chaw hauv tsev, piv txwv li, ib txoj kab sib cais tuaj yeem faib rau txhua chav;
- los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom - lub qhov (socket), teeb pom kev zoo, qhov cub, thiab lwm yam.
Txhua kab hauv tsev, tus kheej thiab pab pawg, tom qab ntawd nruab nrog RCD cais thiab Circuit Court breaker.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev xaim hauv tsev ntiag tug
Hauv cov tsev ntiav niaj hnub no, feem ntau, cov txheej txheem hauv qab no rau kev faib cov khoom siv rau hauv pab pawg yog siv:
- sockets rau chav nyob;
- points rau cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj muaj zog;
- sockets rau cov khoom siv cua sov;
- teeb pom kev (feem ntau ua cov khoom me me nrog ob peb kab);
- kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb (feem ntau hauv chav ntub dej);
- sockets rau chav siv hluav taws xob (chaw nres tsheb, hauv qab daus).
Like thisthaiv kab hauv tsev ntiag tug hauv daim duab hauv qab no nthuav tawm rau cov neeg nyeem (cov ntaub thaiv npog nrog kab).
suav lub zog thiab tam sim no
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub zog network xav tau ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug, koj yuav tsum paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua yam khoom siv uas yuav siv rau yav tom ntej. Qhov ntsuas no yog xam rau cov hluav taws xob hauv ob peb theem:
- ua daim ntawv teev cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hauv tsev;
- tawm tsam txhua lub cuab yeej qhia nws lub zog raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Ces suav tag nrho lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo. Txhawm rau ua qhov txheej txheem no, siv cov txheej txheem yooj yim heev. Lub zog ntawm tag nrho cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsuas yog muab faib los ntawm lawv tus lej. Qhov tshwm sim yog sib npaug.
Nyob rau theem tom ntej, ntxiv lub zog ntawm txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev. Yav dhau los pom tus nqi rau kev teeb pom kev zoo ntxiv rau qhov tshwm sim tau. Tom qab ntawd qhov tshwm sim yog sib npaug dua, thiab kuj nce 10-20%. Daim duab tau txais tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov kev suav no yog coj los ua qhov ntsuas qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv tsev.
xav tau yam
Cov kab kos hauv cov tsev ntiag tug ntawm thaj chaw me feem ntau yog siv qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Siv cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia saum toj no, nws raug tso cai los suav cov peev txheej hauv lub network nkaus xwb rau cov tuam tsev. Rau ib lub tsev loj heevcov cheeb tsam feem ntau ua kev xam kom raug ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ntawm lwm yam, qhov xav tau qhov tseem ceeb yog muab rau hauv tus account.
| Txhua lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv | mus txog 14 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 thiab nce |
| xav tau yam | 0, 8 | 0, 65 | 0, 6 | 0, 55 | 0, 5 | 0, 48 | 0, 45 |
Yuav kom ua tiav qhov kev suav tseeb, qhov txiaj ntsig kwv yees tau tsuas yog muab faib los ntawm cov coefficient pom hauv lub rooj.
Load tam sim no
Thaum tsim daim duab thaiv hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab ua ntej ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Rau cov tsev ntiav ntiav, cov khoom thauj tam sim no, nrog rau lub zog ntawm lub network, suav tau yooj yim heev. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas no hauv ib theem 220V ib leeg, siv cov qauv:
I=4, 5Pt, qhov twg Pt yog qhov siab tshaj plaws network fais fab hauv kilowatts.
Piv txwv li, nrog Pt=5 kW, qhov load tam sim no yuav yog 4.5 x 5=22.5 A. Nws yog qhov tam sim no uas yuav ntws los ntawm theem xaim hauv 220 V hauv tsev network yav tom ntej.
Hauv 380 V tes hauj lwm, cov qauv feem ntau yog siv los txiav txim qhov ntsuas no:
I=P / (1, 73Ucos φ), qhov twg P - hwj chim, U - voltage, cos φ - lub hwj chim yam los ntawm qhov piv ntawm reactive thiab active Cheebtsamload kuj. Rau lub tsev peb-theem, cos φ feem ntau yog muab sib npaug rau 0.95.
Instrument layout
Nyob rau theem tom ntej, thaum kos ib qhov project, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm lub tsev yog kos nrog kev npaj rooj tog. Ntawm daim duab zoo li no, qhov chaw raug cim:
- outlets;
- switches;
- shield.
Kev xaim hluav taws xob hauv tsev ntiag tug tsuas yog txiav txim siab yog tias cov neeg nyob hauv, tom qab nws siv, yuav siv tau txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog kev nplij siab tshaj plaws. Sockets nyob rau hauv niaj hnub private tsev feem ntau yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 30 cm ntawm pem teb nyob rau hauv blocks. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau nruab, tau kawg, ze rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lawv tus kheej - TV, computer.
Hauv chav ua noj, lub qhov (socket) thaiv feem ntau yog mounted saum lub txee. Qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov no yog cov qhov (sockets) rau lub tub yees lossis lub qhov cub hluav taws xob. Xws li cov qhov (socket) feem ntau nyob tom qab cov cuab yeej no 30 cm ntawm hauv pem teb. Cov kev hloov hauv cov tsev ntiag tug feem ntau yog ntsia ntawm ib sab ntawm lub qhov rooj sab hauv ntawm theem ntawm lawv cov tes. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li txoj cai, tsawg kawg ib lub qhov (socket) yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv cov tsev ntiav niaj hnub rau 6 m2 ntawm qhov chaw hauv pem teb.
Tom qab xaiv qhov chaw ntawm qhov txuas txuas, daim duab kab hluav taws xob tiag tiag hauv lub tsev ntiag tug raug kos rau ntawm txoj kev npaj, faib cov kab sib cais rau txhua pab pawg, raws li qhov project. Txhua ceg hauv daim duab kos yog cim nrog mem hluav ntawm ib qho xim.
Yuav ua li cas cables yuav
Tau kos daim duab kab hluav taws xobib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj tuaj yeem mus nrog lub installation, qhov tseeb, ntawm lub network nws tus kheej. Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub teb chaws lub tsev, ntawm chav kawm, ntawm lwm yam, nws yuav tsum tau xaiv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog tshaj plaws, nrog rau cov cables. Qhov no yuav lav kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev ntawm lub network, nrog rau nws txoj kev ruaj ntseg rau cov neeg nyob hauv tsev.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tus tswv ntawm lub tsev suburban yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ntawm cov cables. Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, tsuas yog pheej yig txhuas hlau thaiv tau teeb tsa hauv tsev ntiag tug. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no, rau kev tso hluav taws xob sib txuas hauv cov tsev nyob hauv nroog, feem ntau, xaiv cov cables ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tswv tsev ntiag tug feem ntau yuav peb-core xov hlau ntawm hom no.
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm kev xaiv cable
Cov kws tshaj lij hluav taws xob hauv peb lub sijhawm qhia cov tswv ntawm cov tsev hauv lub tebchaws kom yuav cov xaim hluav taws xob hauv tsev nrog VVG-fr rwb thaiv tsev lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob NYM tuaj yeem tso rau hauv thaj chaw. Txhawm rau txuas cov cuab yeej muaj zog, nws raug nquahu kom yuav cov cables ntawm hom cim 3 x 4.
Cable core diameters rau tus kheej cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog thiab pab pawg kab tuaj yeem xaiv tau siv lub rooj tshwj xeeb.
Kev xaiv cov chaw muag khoom
Txoj kev cai hauv lub tsev ntiag tug yuav tsum tau ua raws nraim. Txhua hom qauv qhia, tau kawg, qee qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas. Rau cov cuab yeej muaj zog, cov qhov (sockets) yuav tsum tau xaiv raws liMax pib tam sim no. Qhov ntsuas no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Kev lag luam niaj hnub tsim cov khoom siv ntawm ob hom:
- external - rau cov khoom siv zoo li no, lub cev tawm ntawm phab ntsa;
- internal - ua rau hauv phab ntsa.
Feem ntau, cov qhov hluav taws xob hauv tsev tam sim no tau teeb tsa hauv tsev ntiag tug. Cov kev sib txuas zoo li no zoo sib haum xeeb hauv niaj hnub interiors.
Kev sib txuas
Nws raug pom zoo, tau kawg, ua cov xaim hluav taws xob hauv tsev ntiag tug, ua ntej ua tiav. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev xa cov xov hlau kom zoo nrog tsawg kawg ntawm kev sib txuas. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txuas cov cables thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa hluav taws xob network, ntawm chav kawm, koj tseem yuav tsum tau lawm. Thaum ua cov txheej txheem no, cov kws tshaj lij, thiab lwm yam, qhia ua raws li cov lus pom zoo no:
- twisting yog tso cai tsuas yog homogeneous hlau (tooj liab / tooj liab, aluminium / aluminium);
- nyob rau hauv twisting nws yuav tsum tawm liab qab xaus nrog ib tug ntev ntawm tsawg kawg yog 40 mm;
- txuas ob lub xov hlau ua ke kom nruj li sai tau;
- tig yuav tsum tau pw ib sab ntawm ib sab;
- ntim cov kev sib txuas rau saum yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov cua sov shrink tubing.
Yuav kom kev sib cuag hauv kev sib tw ua 100 feem pua, cov kws paub txog hluav taws xob pom zoo kom muab cov xov hlau zoo ib yam.
ua tau zoo twists yuav lav kev ruaj ntseg ntawm koj lub tsev network. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib txuas ntawm hlauhnub no nws tseem pom zoo kom ua nws los ntawm cov thawv tshwj xeeb nrog cov clamps. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau lub tsev loj loj uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog.
Txoj Cai Tswjfwm
Hauv cov tsev ua vaj tse thiab cib ntiag tug, cov xaim hluav taws xob, suav nrog lawv tus kheej tes, feem ntau ua tiav, yav dhau los txiav los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tshuab sib tsoo. Hauv thav duab suburban vaj tse, cables raug rub tom qab sheathing. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, cov xov hlau yog preliminarily dhau nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb fireproof saj zawg zog raj.
Hauv cov tsev ntiav ntoo, feem ntau siv cov kab hluav taws xob sab nraud. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov cables yog rub nyob rau hauv cov hniav hniav nyiaj hniav kub-resistant thawv tsau ncaj qha rau ntawm phab ntsa nto.
Txhim daim ntaub thaiv
Lub caij no ntawm lub tsev hluav taws xob network feem ntau yog nruab rau hauv ib chav hauv ib lub niche ua nyob rau hauv phab ntsa. Ib qho RCD tau muab tso rau hauv daim thaiv thaiv. Zero cov cav tov nyob rau hauv daim ntaub thaiv, raws li txoj cai, yuav tsum tau mounted nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem, thiab grounding tshuab nyob rau hauv lub qis. Nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv nruab nrab lawv feem ntau muab cov kab tawg.
Hauv cov tsev me, cov kab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog raug rub ncaj qha mus rau cov pab pawg ntawm cov khoom siv. Hauv cov tsev loj ntawm thaj chaw loj, cov thawv sib txuas tau siv ntxiv.
Ob lub tshuab feem ntau suav nrog hauv daim duab thaiv hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug rau 3 theem. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ntsia rau ntawm txoj kev, thiab lub thib ob - nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Qhov no yog rau cov tswv ntawm ib tug private tsevcov vaj tse ntawm thaj chaw loj tsim nyog tau txais lub siab.
kawg theem
Cov duab thiab cov duab kab hluav taws xob ntawm cov tsev ntiag tug, nthuav tawm rau cov neeg nyeem hauv kab lus no, tuaj yeem pab cov tswv ntawm cov vaj tsev nyob hauv nroog txiav txim siab txog txoj hauv kev tso cov cables hauv lawv lub tsev. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau kev ua hluav taws xob hauv tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes nrog kev paub thiab kev paub.
Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev teeb tsa tus kheej ntawm lub network, tus tswv ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug, txawm li cas los xij, tseem yuav tau hu xov tooj rau cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm lub chaw kuaj hluav taws xob los sim nws txoj haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb. Yog tsis muaj qhov xaus ntawm engineers, nws yuav yooj yim tsis yooj yim sua kom txuas cov xaim ntawm lub tsev mus rau lub hwj chim kab ntawm kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.
