Qhov cub hauv tsev nyiam cov neeg siv nrog nws ntau yam nta. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv ua cua sov, nws kuj ua haujlwm rau lwm lub hom phiaj. Piv txwv li, qhov tsim ntawm lub qhov cub qub "txiv yawg" muaj ntau yam haujlwm. Qhov no suav nrog kev ci ci, ua noj, dej kub, thiab ziab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
khoom siv cub
Lub qhov cub zoo thiab zoo yuav tsum tau nqis peev loj thiab cov khoom zoo. Rau ib qho kev xaiv tsis kim heev, cov ntaub ntawv xav tau ua rau ntau tus nqi. Lub masonry ntawm qhov cub, ua los ntawm tes, tuav txog 400 cib. Yeej, lub hollow ceramic cib ntawm M-175 hom yog siv. Rau lub firebox, koj xav tau 20 refractory cib ntawm ShB-8 hom.
Ntxiv rau cov cib, koj yuav xav tau cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj - cov no yog ib lub qhov cub thiab ob lub qhov cub. Ob lub shutters yuav tsum tau rau qhov cua tshuab. Koj tseem yuav xav tau ob lub qhov rooj tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm DP hom nrog qhov loj ntawm 15 × 16 cm thiab lub qhov rooj firebox ntawm DT hom nrog qhov loj ntawm 27 × 30 cm. Ua ib lub mortar rau masonrybricks yeej ib txwm siv av nplaum-xuab zeb nrog ntxiv ntawm txiv qaub. Av nplaum yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, vim nws tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias. Thiab rau nteg lub combustion chamber nrog refractory bricks, yuav tsum tau ib tug cement-xuab zeb mortar, nrog ntxiv ntawm txiv qaub. Koj tuaj yeem pib tso qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes. Cov lus qhia ib ntus yog muab hauv qab no.
Kauj Ruam1 - xaiv qhov chaw
Lub qhov cub yuav tsum muab qhov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws rau chav cua sov, thiab ua noj ua haus - thiab txawm tias ziab khaub ncaws. Nws yuav tsum sov ob peb chav.
Kauj Ruam 2 - npaj lub hauv paus
Nws nqis los rau theem saum npoo. Qhov chaw yuav tsum muaj qhov siab ntawm hardness kom lub qhov cub tsis tog tom qab ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, yog tias lub hauv paus yog mos heev, koj yuav tsum tau tsim ib lub pob zeb-xuab zeb sib tov los yog ncuav lub hauv paus nrog pob zeb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub hauv paus ntawm lub cub tawg los ntawm dampness, ib txheej ntawm waterproofing bitumen yog muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus poured. 1 kab ntawm masonry yog pw rau ntawm lub hauv paus. Reflective rwb thaiv tsev tseem raug ntsia kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov los ntawm kev khiav mus rau hauv av.
Tsis muaj qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Yog li, piv txwv li, lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov cub cua sov me me yog 3 × 2.5 cib. Rau cov qauv loj, tsis muaj lub rooj zaum qhov cub, nqa 3 × 3 cib. Rau nteg lub hauv paus, ib tug av nplaum-xuab zeb mortar yog siv. Yog tias cov thoob siv rau hauv kev npaj cov tshuaj, ces cov proportions ntawm av nplaum thiab xuab zeb yuav tsum tau raws li nram no: rau oily av nplaum, 1 thoob ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau 2.5 thoob ntawm xuab zeb; rau tawv nqaij - rau 1 thoob ntawm av nplaum 1 thoob ntawm xuab zeb. Thiab txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum xub ntub av nplaum rau ib hnub.
thawj kab ntawm masonry (qib 3)
Nyob rau hauv nteg 1 kab, qhov tseeb qhov ntev, lub thickness ntawm seams thiab convergence ntawm diagonals yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kom tsis muaj distortions. Lub thickness ntawm seams ntawm 1 kab yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.6-0.8 hli. Ua-nws-koj tus kheej masonry qhov cub yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom txheem-me me cib. Nws yuav tsum yog theem thiaj li tswj hwm kab rov tav.
Kab thib 2, lub cib muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev ua kom hnav khaub ncaws ntawm 1 kab ib nrab ntawm cib. Masonry pib nrog cov kab kawg. Tsis tas li hauv kab thib 2 nteg tawm hluav taws txiav 120 × 250 mm.
3 kab, lawv kuj ua ib nrab-civ hnav khaub ncaws. Ntawm no qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj blower chamber pib. Lawv kuj nteg lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tshuab raj.
Qee zaum rau tso qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes hauv chav nyob, qhov ntev tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub cib kom haum rau lub qhov cub hluav taws xob uas twb tau teeb tsa lawm. Masonry ntawm kab thib 3 muab kev ntxiv dag zog rau lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tshuab cua tshuab.
Blower door chamber (qib 4)
Tom ntej no, 4th kab txuas ntxiv tsim lub tshuab lub qhov rooj chamber nrog qhov kev ncua deb rau cov tuab ntawm cov cib, thiaj li yuav muaj peev xwm overlay lub combustion chamber nrog fireclay refractory cib. Ntawm no pib tsim ntawm qis kab rov tav channel. Lawv tsim ib kab sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub qhov cub thiab cov phab ntsa hauv qhov yooj yim tso qhov cub nrog lawv tus kheej tes.
Masonry ntawm 5th kab luam theej masonry ntawm 4th - tshwj tsis yog tias qhov qhib ntawm lub lauj kaub tshauv yog me ntsis nqaim. Ntawm lub cib ntawm 5 kab yog muab tso rautshauv grate. Txhawm rau tswj qhov verticality, koj yuav tsum tau nruab cov kav dej ntsug ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm cov masonry furnaces nrog koj tus kheej tes. Ordering muab kev ua raws nraim ntawm kab rov tav
5 kauj ruam. Tsim cov combustion chamber
Tom ntej, 6 kab ntawm masonry rauv ua ob txoj kab hluav taws xob ntsug. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau thaiv cov kab rov tav channel nrog lub cib. Yog li, lub combustion chamber yog tsim uas txuas nrog cov kab ntsug. Lub cam khwb cia hlau grate yog ntsia rau hauv qab ntawm lub cub tawg los tsim cov cua ntsawj ntshab ntawm lub tshuab cua tshuab thiab cov hmoov tshauv pov tseg los ntawm lub qhov cub. Nyob rau hauv kab thib 6, tso cov cib refractory ntawm lub combustion chamber pib. Rau kev ua-nws-koj tus kheej installation nyob rau hauv lub masonry ntawm lub qhov cub qhov cub, koj yuav tsum tau raws nraim kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov ntev mus txog ib centimeter. Nyob rau hauv lub masonry ntawm lub combustion chamber, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim qhov khoob nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub combustion chamber ntawm bricks ntawm 1-1.5 cm.
Tom ntej no, kab 7 txuas ntxiv tsim lub combustion chamber nrog rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov rooj combustion. Nws yog ntsia rau ntawm 6 kab ntawm masonry qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes. Qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muab rau qhov yuav tsum tau qhov ntev nyob rau hauv lub qhov rooj. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau thaiv cov U-shaped channel los tsim peb cov pa pa tawm.
Tom qab ntawd, kab 8 thiab 9 tau muab tso sib npaug. Hnub tim 9, lub qhov cub qhov rooj kaw. Cov cib yog me ntsis crimped rau ntawm ob sab nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub firebox thiaj li ua kom cov pa gases ntawm lub firebox mus rau sab laug channel.
Tom ntej no, kab 10 ntawm masonry yog nteg tawm ntawm refractorycib. Nws npog lub qhov cub. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pa roj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov ntsug thiab kab rov tav masonry.
Lub qhov cub (qib 6)
Nyob rau hauv kab 11, nyob rau hauv kev tso cib qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj kuj yuav tsum tau siv refractory cib los tsim lub hob ntawm lub qhov cub. Ntawm cov npoo uas cib sib cuag nrog lub hob, koj yuav tsum tau txiav cov npoo ntawm lub cib los ntawm 2 cm. Lub tswv yim ua-nws-koj tus kheej ntawm kev tso qhov cub, tso lub qhov cub ua noj tshwj xeeb, qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv kab 12, ob txoj kab laug sab txuas mus rau ib qho, thiab lwm yam, lawv muab faib ua ob txoj kab.
Nyob rau hauv kab 14, uas yog nteg tawm zoo ib yam mus rau 13th, ib lub flap yog ntsia. Nws tuaj yeem npog lub hob. Qhov no tso cai rau koj tua lub qhov cub thaum lub caij ntuj sov los ntawm lub qhov cub ua noj. Nyob rau hauv 15 kab ntawm nteg cib qhov cub, lub damper kaw nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes, thiab nyob rau hauv 16th kab lub qhov rooj ntawm lub chav ua noj yog kaw. Nruab nrab ntawm cov chav ua noj thiab chav ua noj, lub qhov cua qhov cua yog ntsia rau sab laug, los ntawm cov vapors raug tshem tawm.
Nyob rau kab 17, lub qhov rooj qhov cua raug kaw. Sab saum toj ntawm chav ua noj, ob lub steel rods yog embedded nyob rau hauv lub masonry, uas ua hauj lwm los npog lub chav ua noj. Tom ntej no, kab 18 thiab 19 tag nrho npog chav ua noj.
7th kauj ruam. Kev tsim cov kab hluav taws xob
Nyob rau hauv kab thib 20 ntawm phab ntsa tom qab ntawm qhov sib tshooj ntawm chav ua noj, ob lub cib tau nruab rau ntawm ntug ntawm qhov deb ntawm 4 cm ntawm sab nraub qaumcov phab ntsa. Ob lub qhov rooj yog ntsia rau samovar yeeb nkab thiab tu. Kev tso kab 21 yog tib yam.
Hauv kab thib 22, txhua lub qhov rooj sib tshooj. Peb txoj kab yog tsim saum lub hob - ob txoj kab ntawm 11 cm thiab ib qho 5 cm.
Nyob hauv kab 23 thiab 24, ob qhov ntev yog thaiv los ntawm kev tso ib lub cib rau ntawm ntug.
kab tom ntej ntawm masonry, 25th thiab 26th, rov ua cov masonry ntawm 22nd kab, thiab 27th thiab 28th kab muaj peb lub cib uas muab tso rau ntawm ntug ntawm qhov deb ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab cov phab ntsa.
Masonry fireproof tsam (qib 8)
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej kos duab ntawm masonry furnaces qhia tias nyob rau hauv 29th kab ib yog tsim los ntawm ob txoj kev. Ob lub cib raug ntsia rau pem hauv ntej, txuas nrog cib ntsia ntawm ntug.
Nyob rau 30th kab, tag nrho cov channel raug thaiv nrog qhib lub qhov chimney. Cov kab kawg ntawm kev tso lub tshuab hluav taws xob, 31st thiab 32nd, tau teeb tsa saum cov roj chamber, tsim thaj tsam hluav taws kub.
Qhov kawg ntawm kev tso lub qhov cub cib yog qhov tso lub qhov cub, uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas txhua qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws kom lub qhov cub tawg feem ntau ntawm cov hluav taws kub hauv tsev.
Qhov no yog qhov kev txiav txim qhov cub, uas tuaj yeem ua lub qhov cub ua noj, ua qhov cub cua sov, thiab ua qhov cub.
qhov cub nyiaj txiag hauv tsev
Thaum peb tham txog kev nplij siab hauv tsev, peb kuj tseem nco ntsoov cov yam ntxwv thermal ntawm chav tsev lossis thaj chaw hauv tsev. RauTxhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev pom zoo tshaj plaws, thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud, qhov rais thiab qhov rooj yog xav tau. Tab sis qee zaum txawm tias muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo hauv tsev tsis muaj cua sov txaus. Thiab txhawm rau kom nws ua tiav peb thaj chaw txhua lub sijhawm, muaj kev xaiv los tsim lub qhov cub hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev. Nws, zoo li tsis muaj lwm yam cua sov, tuaj yeem tsim kev lees paub ntawm kev sov so, thiab nrog nws ua kom muaj cua sov hauv tsev.
Kev tsim lub qhov cub tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Nws yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog lub qhov cub kub, tab sis kuj tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub tsev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom nco ntsoov tias kev nyab xeeb hluav taws yuav tsum muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov ntsiab lus tua hluav taws los ntawm cov khoom hluav taws xob hauv tsev.
cub masonry and mortars
Kev tsim kho pib, raws li niaj zaus, nrog lub hauv paus, kom nws, raws li lawv hais, "tsis ntab" thiab tsis tawg, lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus yog npog nrog lub pob zeb-xuab zeb cushion nrog obligatory cement pouring. thiab waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus. Pw tawm kab yog ua nyob rau hauv ob peb theem. Thawj theem ntawm kev tso rau hauv qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yog qhov tso ntawm lub hauv paus, uas nws qhov hluav taws kub yuav nyob. Cov khoom siv yog cov cib liab zoo tib yam thiab mortar ntawm av nplaum, xuab zeb thiab cement.
av nplaum yog cov khoom siv yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho ntawm ntau hom cua sov qauv. Txhawm rau muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo dua, slag lossis hlau filings tuaj yeem muab ntxiv es tsis txhob xuab zeb, uas yuav ua rau cov tshuaj muaj zog dua. Rau kev tso lub firebox, koj yuav tsum tau siv refractory cib nrog siab thermal conductivity. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov cua sov hloov ntawm lub qhov cubtxav mus rau hauv lub firebox yuav tsum tau ua nrog txhua yam ntawm hnab ris thiab zigzag kab rov tav raws kom khaws cov cua sov hauv lawv. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kub ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm qhov chaw ntau npaum li qhov ua tau.
Lub caij ntuj sov, thaum lub tsev tsis tas yuav tsum tau cua sov, cov av nplaum tov absorbs noo noo - thiab lub qhov cub yuav qaub me ntsis. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tiv thaiv deoxidation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov roj chamber, cov cement-sand mortar yog siv rau masonry. Rau nws, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov khoom zoo Portland cement ntawm M400 hom thiab cov xuab zeb dawb huv uas tsis muaj impurities.
Ceramic tiling ntawm chav cub
Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb kev vam meej niaj hnub no, lub qhov cub qub hauv lub tsev uas muaj qhov zoo nkauj sab hauv tuaj yeem ua rau tus tswv lub koob npe nrov. Txhawm rau kom haum lub qhov cub qub rau hauv kev tsim niaj hnub, koj tuaj yeem siv txoj hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm cov vuas luaj ceramic los yog cov cib tiav.
Rau qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm gluing lub ntsej muag vuas, qhov chaw ntawm qhov cub yog ntxuav ntawm plua plav, av thiab roj stains. Tag nrho cov kab nrib pleb thiab recesses raug kaw thiab plaster yog tsim nrog cov cement mortar siv cov cement qib tsawg kawg yog M400. Koj tseem tuaj yeem yuav cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb kub yaj rau qhov cub plastering.
Firebox reinforcement
Qee lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sov nyob ib ncig ntawm lub firebox, ib tug hlau mesh yog siv los txhawb lub plaster. Daim phiaj yog txuas rau phab ntsa nrog hlau dowels. Ib txheej ntawm plaster yog siv rau lub mesh kom nws npog nws los ntawm ob peb millimeters. Tom qab lub plaster tau qhuav tag, cov vuas luaj ceramic yog pw. Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant vuas ntawm tshav kub-resistant nplaum.
Txhua ntu muaj nws tus kheej qhov kub thiab txias, uas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov nplais ntsej muag yuav tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, nws yog pw nrog stitching. Highly elastic putty yog siv los kaw cov seams kom nws tsis tawg thaum rhuab.
Swedish qhov cub masonry
Cia peb tham txog Swede, lub qhov cub ua noj thiab cua sov, uas yog me ntsis qis dua rau Lavxias teb sab, tab sis qhov ua tau zoo tshaj qhov nws ua kom sov sai sai. Koj tuaj yeem nruab ib lub qhov cub Swedish hauv phab ntsa ntawm chav ua noj thiab chav. Tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm ua noj, nws yuav ua kom sov sai sai ntawm chav ua noj thiab chav. Nyob rau hauv lub masonry ntawm Swede qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, kev txiav txim muab rau ob peb niches. Qhov saum toj kawg nkaus yog rau ziab khaub ncaws. Nws yog rhuab thaum lub sij hawm ua noj thiab tseem ua kom sov los ntawm cov coals tuag.
Lub niche saum lub qhov cub ua qhov cub kom khaws cov zaub mov sov rau hauv lub caij ntuj no txias. Thaum tsaus ntuj, lub niche saum lub qhov cub tuaj yeem khaws cov zaub mov sov uas xav tau thaum sawv ntxov rau kev ua noj sai. Qee lub sij hawm, tab sis tsis yog nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tus Swede tau nruab nrog lub pob taws lossis tsuas yog kev sib pauv pa luam yeeb, uas ua rau muaj cua sov los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb. Tab sis qhov ua-nws-koj tus kheej cov pa luam yeeb ntawm Swedish qhov cub masonry yog txoj hauv kev tsim thiab cuam tshuam rau tus nqi.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub qhov cub Swedish kuj muaj qhov cub thib ob, uas muab cua sov ntau. Qhov tsuas yog drawback yog tias nws heats hauv pem teb ntau heev. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob poob cua sov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab cov rwb thaiv tsev muaj zog ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov cub los ntawm hauv pem teb. Ib qho zoo heev insulator rau ib tug Swede hnub no yogbas alt duab los qhia.
Rwb thaiv tsev yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas tsis tsuas yog kom tsis txhob cia cua sov los ntawm lub cub tawg rau hauv av, tab sis kuj yuav qhia nws upwards. Qhov no yuav tsum tau peb txheej ntawm bas alt cardboard. Thawj txheej ntawm kev tso lub qhov cub rau lub tsev nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes yog nteg ncaj qha rau hauv av nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov nruab nrab yog ua los ntawm bas alt fiberboard nrog ib tug reflective foil txheej uas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam cov cua sov rov qab rau hauv lub qhov cub.
Rau lub qhov cub koj xav tau cov cib cib thiab cov av nplaum hluav taws rau cov mortar. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev tso ntawm refractory bricks yuav tsum tsis txhob tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm cib. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tso ntawm fireclay thiab cov cib zoo tib yam yuav tsum txog li 6 hli. Raws li qhov tseeb hais tias thermal bricks yog kim kim, tsuas yog lub puab phab ntsa ntawm lub firebox yog nteg tawm rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd ntawm masonry, zoo tib yam bricks yog siv.
