Artificial polymers yog cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom tau los ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus los ntawm ib lossis ntau yam khoom. Feem ntau, ib qho kev tivthaiv yog coj los ua lub hauv paus, ntau yam khoom ntxiv tau ntxiv rau nws thiab cov khoom tsim tawm yog cov khoom tshiab tag nrho nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias kev hloov pauv tshwm sim ntawm qib molecular, ib qho macromolecule tshiab yog tsim.
Cov khoom siv polymers tau muab faib ua biopolymers thiab hluavtaws polymers. Lub hauv paus ntawm ob hom yog carbon. Nws yog nws cov molecule uas hloov kho, muab nws tshiab zoo. Biopolymers tau txais los ntawm kev hloov kho, uas yog, los ntawm kev muab cov khoom ploj mus rau cov khoom qub. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua kom muab cov khoom siv ductility lossis lub zog. Ib qho piv txwv yog kev tsim cov polymer hu ua "celluloid", uas yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim - cellulose (nws yog nws tus kheej yog ntuj polymer), ces nws mus tsim cov ntaub. Synthetic hom tau txais nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev thev naus laus zis. Cov no yog cov txheej txheempolymerization thiab polycondensation. Lawv ua kom tau txais cov khoom tshiab los ntawm nitrogen, roj av, carbon dioxide thiab hydrogen. Ua li no, polypropylene yog tsim - ib tug polymer uas yog siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg lub neej.
Artificial polymers yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam thiab hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj zog, ruaj, elastic, kuj pheej yig piv rau cov ntaub ntawv ntuj. Lo lus "natural" yog maj mam dhau los uacim cim, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav. Ntau tus ntseeg tias cov ntaub ntawv ntuj tau lees paub zoo thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg. Tib lub sijhawm, ob peb tus neeg xav txog yuav ua li cas cov khoom siv polymers tau txais tiag tiag. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no qhia tau hais tias feem ntau ntawm lawv yog tsim los ntawm ntuj raw khoom siv hluavtaws additives. Tsis muaj cov khoom nyoos txaus rau tib neeg.
Artificial polymers hu ua "silicone" thiab "latex" yog nquag siv hauv tshuaj thiab cosmetology. Implants yog tsim los ntawm lawv, lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov khoom kho mob, cov khoom kho mob thiab lwm yam.
Artificial polymers nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov yas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb, rau zus tau tej cov tsev neeg thiab hluav taws xob khoom siv thiab ntau ntxiv. Ntau yam khoom hauv peb lub tsev yog ua los ntawm cov yas: cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov khoom ua si. Txhua yam no tuaj yeem ua tauib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej. Nws nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov polymer yog inert los ntawm qhov pom ntawm ecology. Tab sis thev naus laus zis ntxiv: ntau yam antioxidants, stabilizers, dyes, thiab lwm yam - tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj lossis lom. Yog li ntawd, ib yam khoom yas yog xaiv los ntawm tsw. Cov khoom zoo polymer tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw.
