Cib ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau paub ntev heev. Kev hais txog qhov no tuaj yeem pom hauv phau Vajlugkub, hauv cov dab neeg hais txog lub sijhawm tom qab dej nyab loj.
Kev tsim vaj tsev cib yog qhov tob hauv keeb kwm, nyob hauv txhua lub tebchaws muaj ntau lub tsev, uas nws muaj hnub nyoog ntau dua kaum xyoo. Muaj cov tsev nyob ntev ua tau 150 lossis 200 xyoo dhau los. Cib ib txwm yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb.
Vim li cas cov neeg tsim khoom nyiam cov khoom siv no heev? Nov yog qee qhov txiaj ntsig meej.
Txoj Kev
Hauv kev tsim kho, cib qib M100, M125, M150, M175 yog siv. Qhov ntsuas digital tom qab tsab ntawv qhia lub zog thiab qhia tias hom no tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav ntawm 100, 125, 150, 175 kg / cm 2. Mark M100 yog tsim los tsim ib lub tsev nrog qhov siab ntawm 3 plag tsev.
Durability
Ib lub tsev uas muaj qhov tuab zoo ntawm cov cib sab nrauv phab ntsa, ua nrog cov khoom zoo thiab raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm lub tsev, tuaj yeem sawv ntsug rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo.
Sustainable
Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cib suav nrog cov khoom ntuj uas tsis muaj teeb meem impurities - av nplaum, xuab zeb, dej. Nws tseem ua pa, "ua pa" thiab tsis rot.
Versatility, aesthetics
Cib loj thiab tso tshuab coj cov kev tsim vaj tsev zoo tshaj plaws rau lub neej. Tus kheej style ntawm lub tsev cib yuav muab nws originality thiab uniqueness.
Frost resistance
Kev paub dhau los ntawm kev siv cov cib hauv kev tsim kho thiab sim nws hauv thaj chaw huab cua sib txawv tau lees paub tias cov khoom siv no muaj kev tiv thaiv siab F25, F35, F50.
Qhov ntsuas digital qhia txog qhov khov thiab thawing ntawm ib lub cib hauv lub xeev saturated nrog dej, tom qab uas qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tuaj yeem pib hauv nws.
Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws
Cib yog cov khoom siv refractory uas ua raws li cov qauv kev tua hluav taws thiab cov kev cai, thiab cov phab ntsa tuab ntawm lub tsev cib yuav tsis tso hluav taws los ntawm chav mus rau chav.
Sound pov thawj
Cib yog cov khoom siv insulating zoo, zoo dua li cov ntoo thiab cov pob zeb ua vaj tse. Lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa hauv lub tsev cib tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm txoj kev nrov nrov.
yam tsawg phab ntsa thickness
Ib yam tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev cib yog qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa. Qhov loj ntawm ib qho zoo tib yam ceramic cib yog 250x120x65 mm. Cov cai hauv tsev thiab cov cai siv ntau yam ntawm 12 (qhov ntev ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub cib) los txiav txim siab qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa.
Nws hloov tawm tias lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa yog:
- hauv ib nrab cib - 120 mm;
- hauv ib lub cib - 250 mm;
- ib thiab ib nrab cib - 380 hli (10 hli ntxiv rau lub thickness ntawm seam ntawm cov cib);
- hauv ob lub cib - 510 mm (10 mm ib seam);
- hauv ob thiab ib nrab cib - 640 mm.
Tib lub tsev cai kom meej meej txhais qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness ntawm lub cib ntsa. Nws yuav tsum nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1/20 txog 1/25 ntawm qhov siab hauv pem teb. Kev suav yooj yim qhia tau hais tias yog hauv pem teb siab 3 meters, ces cov phab ntsa yuav tsum yog 150 hli tuab. Ib phab ntsa cib uas tsawg dua 150 hli tuab yog haum rau cov khoom siv sab hauv yooj yim.
Sab nrauv load-bearing cib ntsa
Lub zog thiab ruaj khov ntawm tag nrho lub tsev yog muab los ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv. Lawv hu ua load-bearing vim hais tias lawv nqa tag nrho cov load ua nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Lawv dais qhov hnyav ntawm qab nthab, phab ntsa siab dua, lub ru tsev, kev ua haujlwm thauj khoom (rooj tog, khoom, neeg) thiab daus.
Qhov pib rau txhua qhov masonry yog cov ces kaum ntawm lub tsev. Lub lighthouse yog ua rau ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv (ib lub kaum sab xis raug tshem tawm ntawm cov cib, ua raws li txoj kab ntsug thiab axes ntawm lub tsev). Lub kaum sab xis masonry nce 6-8 kab. Nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov ces kaum ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv nrog cov hlau mesh ua los ntawm cov hlau nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 6 hli. Tom qab ntawd, nruab nrab ntawm lub lighthouses nyob rau theem ntawm lub sab sauv cib, ib tug twine yog stretched raws ntug ntawm phab ntsa, uas qhia lub sab axis ntawm cov qauv. Brickwork yog nqa tawm los ntawm ib lub lighthouse mus rau lwm qhov, lub thickness ntawm cov phab ntsa muaj ib tug txheej, sab hauv thiab nruab nrab ib feem, uas yog sau nrog rwb thaiv tsev los yog butyat nrog rau lwm yam khoom. Ib lub cib rau ntawm phab ntsa yog pw nrog hnav khaub ncaws, tom qab peb lossis tsib kab ntawm rab diav, xav tau ib daim ntawv cog lus. Muaj ntau cov qauv rau kev tso cib. Nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem xaiv, qhov kev npaj ntawm rab diav thiab poke kab yuav txawv. Tib yam siv rau cov seams, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ib sab saum toj. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib nrab thiab quarters, lub cib yog yooj yim hloov mus rau sab txheeb ze rau kab hauv qab. Tom qab tso ob peb kab, qhov verticality ntawm phab ntsa raug tshuaj xyuas nrog qib kom tsis txhob muaj ntau yam curvature ntawm lub dav hlau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev.
Lub thickness ntawm lub cib load-bearing phab ntsa yog xaiv raws li thaj chaw huab cua, ib puag ncig nta thiab tus kheej muaj peev xwm. Tab sis rau txhua qhov kev suav, nws yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 380 mm (ntev "ib thiab ib nrab cib"). Nyob rau sab qaum teb, qhov tuab feem ntau yog nce mus rau 510 hli, lossis txawm tias mus txog 640 hli.
Txhawm rau txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub hauv paus thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev tsim kho, cov phab ntsa sab nrauv yog nteg los ntawm hollow cib. Nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los ua cov masonry tas li, nws kim heev thiab txo cov thermal tiv thaiv ntawm lub tsev.
phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev
Feem ntau siv cov thev naus laus zis los ntawm kev ua cov masonry nrog kev tsim cov qhov dej. Nws muaj ob phab ntsa sib cais los ntawm ib leeg los ntawm 140-270 mm nrog obligatory hnav khaub ncaws ntawm kab txhua 650-1200 mm. Lub qhov dej nruab nrab ntawm lub masonry yog ntim nrog rwb thaiv tsev nrog yuav tsum tamping. Nws tuaj yeem ua pob zeb sib sib zog nqus, slag, nthuav av nplaum, sawdust, thiab lwm yam. Thaum siv lawv, kev tiv thaiv thermal ntawm lub tsev nce 10-15%.
Cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo tshaj plaws yog ua npuas ncauj. Nws siv tso cai rau koj kom txo cov thickness ntawm phab ntsa mus rau 290 mm (cib 120 mm + foam 50 mm + cib 120 mm). Thiab yog tias koj tawm hauv qhov dej 100 hli dav (rau ob txheej ntawm cov npuas dej nteg nrog sib tshooj), ces cov phab ntsa ntawm thermal conductivity yuav sib npaug rau cov khoom siv masonry 640 hli tuab. Ib phab ntsa cib nrog lub thickness ntawm 290 hli yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog nrog meshes txhua 5 kab.
Yuav ua kom tsev nyob zoo dua, npaj cov rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv sab nraud lossis sab hauv lub tsev. Styrofoam, polystyrene, ntxhia wool thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv mos lossis tawv yog haum ntawm no. Nrog lawv, kev tiv thaiv thermal tuaj yeem nce mus txog 100%.
Internal bearing phab ntsa
Cov tsev uas muaj qhov ntev lossis qhov dav ntawm ntau tshaj tsib thiab ib nrab metres tau muab faib raws sab ntev los ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv cov kabmob. Lawv yog siv rau lub pob tw ntawm lub qab nthab los yog npog ntawm cov qauv.
Lub thickness ntawm sab hauv cib phab ntsa yog tsim tsawg tshaj li sab nraud, vim hais tias rwb thaiv tsev tsis yog yuav tsum tau ntawm no, tab sis tsis tsawg tshaj li 250 hli (ntev "hauv cib"). Tag nrho cov phab ntsa load-bearing, ob qho tib si sab nraud thiab sab hauv, muaj kev sib tshuam thiab tsim, nrog rau lub hauv paus thiab lub ru tsev, ib qho qauv - lub pob txha ntawm lub tsev. Tag nrho cov loads ua rau ntawm tus qauv yog sib npaug ntawm nws cheeb tsam. Cov pob qij txha ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv thiab sab hauv yog ntxiv nrog cov meshes los yog cais cov cuab yeej los ntawm 5 kab ntawm masonry. Cov piers tau teem caij tsawg kawg yog 510 mm dav thiab lawv kuj tau ntxiv dag zog. Yog tias tsim nyog, muab tso rauCov ncej raws li kev txhawb nqa kev txhawb nqa, tom qab ntawd ntu ntu ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 380x380 mm (ntev "ib thiab ib nrab cib"). Lawv kuj tseem ntxiv nrog cov hlau 3-6 hli hauv 5 kab raws qhov siab ntawm cov masonry.
Partitions
Cov phab ntsa no tsim cov zonal faib ntawm qhov chaw ntawm chav loj. Txij li cov partitions tsis load-bearing, thiab tsis muaj loads lwm yam tshaj li lawv tus kheej hnyav ua rau lawv, ntawm no koj muaj peev xwm xaiv qhov thickness ntawm cib phab ntsa yog tsim nyog rau chav tsev no.
Partitions 120 mm tuab ("ib nrab-cib" masonry) feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm chav thiab chav dej. Yog hais tias nws yuav tsum tau cais ib tug me me xws li ib tug pantry, ces nws yog tsim nyog los nteg ib phab ntsa nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 65 hli (masonry "ntawm ntug"). Tab sis xws li ib tug muab faib yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog 3 hli hlau txhua 2-3 kab ntawm masonry nyob rau hauv qhov siab, yog hais tias nws ntev yog ntau tshaj ib thiab ib nrab meters.
Txhawm rau kom qhov hnyav thiab txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub qab nthab, cov khoom faib yog ua los ntawm cov hollow lossis ntxeem tau ceramic cib.
Masonry Mortar
Yog hais tias sab nrauv masonry ntawm phab ntsa yog nqa tawm "nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke", ces qhov zoo, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntaub ntawv raug ntawm lub mortar txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas aesthetically lub cib phab ntsa yuav zoo li. Lub thickness ntawm seams yuav tsum zoo ib yam nyob txhua qhov chaw, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau sau tag nrho, voids tsis pub. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej pib ua haujlwm thiab siv li ntawm ob teev. Rau plasticity, av nplaum, txiv qaub lossis marble pulp yog ntxiv rau nws.
Rau kab rov tav seams siv lub thickness ntawm 10mus txog 15 hli, rau ntsug - los ntawm 8 mus rau 10 mm.
Thaum tsim lub tsev cib, koj yuav tsum paub tias ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm qhov project yuav ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis tau. Kev ruaj ntseg thiab lub zog ntawm cov phab ntsa cib load-cov kabmob tuaj yeem txo tau yooj yim yog:
- txo lawv cov tuab;
- nce lawv qhov siab;
- nce thaj tsam lossis ntau qhov qhib;
- txo qhov dav ntawm phab ntsa ntawm qhov qhib;
- npaj cov niches ntxiv lossis cov channel hauv phab ntsa;
- siv cov plag tsev hnyav dua.
Ib phab ntsa cib, qhov tuab uas tsawg dua qhov tsim, yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog ntxiv.
Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov project yuav tsum yog los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no koj tus kheej.
Lub tsev ua los ntawm cib muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas ua rau lawv ib kauj ruam saum cov tsev ua los ntawm lwm yam khoom siv. Ua raws li cov qauv qub, lawv muaj lawv tus kheej style thiab ntxim nyiam. Nws kuj yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau kev nqis peev thiab hloov vaj tse rau cov xeeb ntxwv.
